OMM general discussion Flashcards by Meer Sadad Billah

Q

Principle
Philosophy
Precept
Tenet

of OMM

A

The human person is a unit. The person is a whole, including body, mind, and spirit
Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated
The body has the inherent capacity to defend and repair itself. The body possesses self-regulatory mechanisms
Rational Treatment is based on the previous principles

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Q

Function modifies structure - example of Mastoid process

A

the mastoid process of the temporal bone develops as the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle pulls on this area over time

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Q

the mastoid process of the temporal bone which develops as the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle pulls on this area over time, is an example of which basic tenet

A

Structure and Function interrelated - Function modifies the structure

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Q

Osgood Schlatter’s disorder

A

the tibial tuberosity will enlarge from excessive use of the quadriceps muscles
(Function modifies structure)

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Q

Exercised muscles will enlarge is an example of which tenet

A

Function modifies structure

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Q

Excess sympathetic nervous system influence can lead to constriction of blood vessels, and also changes in the heart, kidneys, eyes, etc. This is an example of which tenet

A

Abnormal function modifies structure

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Q

carotid sinus and baroreceptors in neck monitor blood pressure which is an example of which tenet

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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Q

Hormonal pathways – feedback inhibition: hypothalamus- releasing hormones,
pituitary- stimulating hormones, end-organ- products released and provide feedback to the hypothalamus.

this is an example of which tenet

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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Q

Heart and kidneys- regulation of blood flow is an example of which tenet

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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Q

GI System- rebuilding structures, eliminating waste, processing toxins, pH of the stomach

this is an example of which tenet

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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Q

Skin and Mucous membranes- first lines of defense

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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Q

Cellular and Humoral Immune Systems

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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Q

Fever as body’s attempt to decrease the replication of the invading microorganism

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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Q

Musculoskeletal system, skin can act to redistribute the forces of a trauma

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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Q

Healing from lacerations

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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Q

Compensation of one of a pair of organs, in the event of loss or dysfunction

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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Q

Sympathetic Nervous System- defense

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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Q

Corollary Principles/Precepts

A

When normal adaptability is disrupted, or when environmental changes overcome the body’s capacity for self-maintenance, disease may ensue
Movement of body fluids is essential to the maintenance of health
The nervous system plays a crucial part in controlling the body
There are somatic components to disease that not only are manifestations of disease but also are factors that contribute to maintenance of the diseased state

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Q

compromised coronary artery => angina or myocardial infarction

A

Movement of body fluids is essential to the maintenance of health

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Q

lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (D.V.T.) and pulmonary embolism (P.E.) = compromised venous flow

A

Movement of body fluids is essential to the maintenance of health

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Q

when one illness occurs

just after another illness

A

Normal adaptability disrupted

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Q

the most important system connecting and integrating

the visceral and skeletal organs.

A

The nervous system

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Q

Viscerosomatic reflexes are integrated and occur at

A

the segmental level

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Q

Physical Signs of Somatic Dysfunction

A

T= Tissue texture change
A= Asymmetry
R= Restriction
T= Tenderness

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OMT for Phrenic nerve

Cervical vertebrae C3-C5

OMT for Vagus nerve

C2, OA

lung sympathetics

T1-4

OMT for congestion in bronchi

Sternum

Abdominal diaphragm

T12-L3

5 models in osteopathic patient care

1. Neurologic Model 2. Respiratory/ Circulatory Model 3. Behavioral Model 4. Metabolic-Energy Model 5. Biomechanical Model

Biomechanical model - anatomic correlate

1. postural muscle 2. spine 3. extremities

Biomechanical model - physiologic function

posture and motion

Resp/Circ- anatomic correlate

1. thoracic inlet 2. rib cage 3. abdominal diaphragm 4. pelvic diaphragm 5. tentorium cerebelli

resp/circ function

respiration, circulation, venous and lymphatic drainage

metabolic energy - anatomy

viscera, endocrine glands

metabolic energy - function

metabolism, homeostasis, immunity

Neuro model - anatomy

CNS, PNS

Neuro - function

control, coordination, sensation

Behav - anatomy

brain

Behav - function

psychology and social activities

OMT: Biomechanical Approach

decrease muscle spasms/contracture, joint | restriction, and to normalize joint mechanics.

OMT: A Neurologic Approach

to balance autonomic tone by removing any restrictions that may be compressing or affecting the nervous system

Inflammation is a powerful stimulator | of

local nociceptors

convergence of visceral nociceptors with the nociceptors from all somatic tissues produce several clinical effects:

• Referred pain • Segmental facilitation at the spinal cord level

• Referred pain • Segmental facilitation at the spinal cord level produced by

convergence of visceral nociceptors with the nociceptors from all somatic tissues

Vicerosomatic Reflexes

``` convergence of visceral nociceptors with the nociceptors from all somatic tissues produces several clinical effects: • Referred pain • Segmental facilitation at the spinal cord level ```

When a dysfunction is corrected it will tend to return to a dysfunctional state.

within 24 hrs until the cause of the reflex is | corrected

Vasodilation (increased skin | temperature)

Acute

Vasospasm (decreased skin | temperature)

chronic

``` Cutaneous erythema (“Red Reflex”) ```

acute

Reduced sudomotor activity | decreased skin drag

chronic

Sweating (increased skin drag)

acute

Skin thickening/ subcutaneous | edema (increased interstitial fluid)

acute

Subcutaneous fibrosis • Musculoskeletal hardness and tension • Firm, dry sponginess

chronic

Musculoskeletal spasm

acute

Joint motion restricted/fixed • Rigid, sluggish movement • “Rubbery” barrier

chronic

Bogginess

acute

How to Help balance SNS autonomic tone

``` • Addresses T1-L2 along sympathetic chain ganglion corresponding to the level of the reflex - Inhibitory pressure - Soft tissue myofascial release - Rib raising - Ganglion release ```

OMT for parasympathetic innervation

• Vagus – CN X – Address the occipital and the upper cervical region as reflex can lead to dysfunctions of the OM suture, OA, C1-3 • Suboccipital release

OMT: Respiratory Circulatory model goal

• Goal is to improve respiratory and circulatory/ lymphatic flow. 1. improve the motion of the thoracic cage 2. addressing any diaphragm restrictions 3. promote fluid movement through pumps • Increased respiration and circulation --> increase oxygenation --> healthier tissues

Doming the diaphragm and thoracic inlet | myofascial release techniques

are used to improve diaphragmatic movement and lymphatic drainage.

The thoracic lymphatic pump with activation 1. steps 2. effect

1. combines rhythmical compressions to the chest wall and the rapid removal of the hands from the chest wall during deep inhalation 2. enhancing lymphatic circulation and triggering a sudden expansion of airways and alveoli.

during thoracic pump, when rapid removal of the hands from the chest wall is done

during deep inhalation

The pedal lymphatic pump 1. steps 2. effects

``` 1. gently rocks the patient in a superior-inferior rhythmical motion while supine 2. to theoretically enhance lymphatic circulation. ```

OMT: Metabolic-Energy Model goal

Restore a balance between energy | production and expenditure

OMT: Behavioral Model goal

Affect perception of pain, coping mechanisms, | decrease disability

Boggy, more rough skin texture

acute

Thin, smooth, atrophic skin texture

chronic

Rigid, board-like

acute

Increased moisture

acute

Dry

chronic

Edema in TART

acute

Venous congestion

acute

Neovascularization

chronic

Erythema test - Redness lasts

acute

Erythema test - Redness fades quickly or | blanching (white) occurs.

chronic

Increased drag (slow)

acute

Decreased drag (fast)

chronic

skin Derived from

ectoderm | As is the nervous system

Main cellular component of facia

Fibroblasts

facia function

``` Supportive/ stabilizing • Neurovascular bundles • Lymphatics • Muscles • Organs ```

Fibroblasts function

* Produce collagen | * Organized on stress/ lines of force

muscles Attached to bones via

tendons

tendons

attaches muscle to bone

ligament

attaches bone to bone