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OMM > OMM general discussion > Flashcards

OMM general discussion Flashcards

1
Q
  • Principle
  • Philosophy
  • Precept
  • Tenet

of OMM

A
  1. The human person is a unit. The person is a whole, including body, mind, and spirit
  2. Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated
  3. The body has the inherent capacity to defend and repair itself. The body possesses self-regulatory mechanisms
  4. Rational Treatment is based on the previous principles
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2
Q

Function modifies structure - example of Mastoid process

A

the mastoid process of the temporal bone develops as the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle pulls on this area over time

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3
Q

the mastoid process of the temporal bone which develops as the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle pulls on this area over time, is an example of which basic tenet

A

Structure and Function interrelated - Function modifies the structure

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4
Q

Osgood Schlatter’s disorder

A

the tibial tuberosity will enlarge from excessive use of the quadriceps muscles
(Function modifies structure)

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5
Q

Exercised muscles will enlarge is an example of which tenet

A

Function modifies structure

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6
Q

Excess sympathetic nervous system influence can lead to constriction of blood vessels, and also changes in the heart, kidneys, eyes, etc. This is an example of which tenet

A

Abnormal function modifies structure

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7
Q

carotid sinus and baroreceptors in neck monitor blood pressure which is an example of which tenet

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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8
Q

Hormonal pathways – feedback inhibition: hypothalamus- releasing hormones,
pituitary- stimulating hormones, end-organ- products released and provide feedback to the hypothalamus.

this is an example of which tenet

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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9
Q

Heart and kidneys- regulation of blood flow is an example of which tenet

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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10
Q

GI System- rebuilding structures, eliminating waste, processing toxins, pH of the stomach

this is an example of which tenet

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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11
Q

Skin and Mucous membranes- first lines of defense

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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12
Q

Cellular and Humoral Immune Systems

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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13
Q

Fever as body’s attempt to decrease the replication of the invading microorganism

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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14
Q

Musculoskeletal system, skin can act to redistribute the forces of a trauma

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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15
Q

Healing from lacerations

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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16
Q

Compensation of one of a pair of organs, in the event of loss or dysfunction

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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17
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System- defense

A

Inherent ability to defend, repair, and regulate

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18
Q

Corollary Principles/Precepts

A
  1. When normal adaptability is disrupted, or when environmental changes overcome the body’s capacity for self-maintenance, disease may ensue
  2. Movement of body fluids is essential to the maintenance of health
  3. The nervous system plays a crucial part in controlling the body
  4. There are somatic components to disease that not only are manifestations of disease but also are factors that contribute to maintenance of the diseased state
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19
Q

compromised coronary artery => angina or myocardial infarction

A

Movement of body fluids is essential to the maintenance of health

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20
Q

lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (D.V.T.) and pulmonary embolism (P.E.) = compromised venous flow

A

Movement of body fluids is essential to the maintenance of health

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21
Q

when one illness occurs

just after another illness

A

Normal adaptability disrupted

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22
Q

the most important system connecting and integrating

the visceral and skeletal organs.

A

The nervous system

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23
Q

Viscerosomatic reflexes are integrated and occur at

A

the segmental level

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24
Q

Physical Signs of Somatic Dysfunction

A
  • T= Tissue texture change
  • A= Asymmetry
  • R= Restriction
  • T= Tenderness
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25
Q

OMT for Phrenic nerve

A

Cervical vertebrae C3-C5

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26
Q

OMT for Vagus nerve

A

C2, OA

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27
Q

lung sympathetics

A

T1-4

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28
Q

OMT for congestion in bronchi

A

Sternum

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29
Q

Abdominal diaphragm

A

T12-L3

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30
Q

5 models in osteopathic patient care

A
  1. Neurologic Model
  2. Respiratory/ Circulatory Model
  3. Behavioral Model
  4. Metabolic-Energy Model
  5. Biomechanical Model
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31
Q

Biomechanical model - anatomic correlate

A
  1. postural muscle
  2. spine
  3. extremities
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32
Q

Biomechanical model - physiologic function

A

posture and motion

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33
Q

Resp/Circ- anatomic correlate

A
  1. thoracic inlet
  2. rib cage
  3. abdominal diaphragm
  4. pelvic diaphragm
  5. tentorium cerebelli
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34
Q

resp/circ function

A

respiration, circulation, venous and lymphatic drainage

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35
Q

metabolic energy - anatomy

A

viscera, endocrine glands

36
Q

metabolic energy - function

A

metabolism, homeostasis, immunity

37
Q

Neuro model - anatomy

A

CNS, PNS

38
Q

Neuro - function

A

control, coordination, sensation

39
Q

Behav - anatomy

A

brain

40
Q

Behav - function

A

psychology and social activities

41
Q

OMT: Biomechanical Approach

A

decrease muscle spasms/contracture, joint

restriction, and to normalize joint mechanics.

42
Q

OMT: A Neurologic Approach

A

to balance autonomic tone by
removing any restrictions that may be compressing or affecting
the nervous system

43
Q

Inflammation is a powerful stimulator

of

A

local nociceptors

44
Q

convergence of visceral
nociceptors with the nociceptors from
all somatic tissues produce several
clinical effects:

A

• Referred pain
• Segmental facilitation at the spinal cord
level

45
Q

• Referred pain
• Segmental facilitation at the spinal cord
level

produced by

A

convergence of visceral
nociceptors with the nociceptors from
all somatic tissues

46
Q

Vicerosomatic Reflexes

A 
convergence of visceral
nociceptors with the nociceptors from
all somatic tissues produces several
clinical effects:
• Referred pain
• Segmental facilitation at the spinal cord
level
47
Q

When a dysfunction is corrected it will tend to return to a dysfunctional state.

A

within 24 hrs until the cause of the reflex is

corrected

48
Q

Vasodilation (increased skin

temperature)

A

Acute

49
Q

Vasospasm (decreased skin

temperature)

A

chronic

50
Q 
Cutaneous erythema (“Red
Reflex”)
A

acute

51
Q

Reduced sudomotor activity

decreased skin drag

A

chronic

52
Q

Sweating (increased skin drag)

A

acute

53
Q

Skin thickening/ subcutaneous

edema (increased interstitial fluid)

A

acute

54
Q

Subcutaneous fibrosis
• Musculoskeletal hardness and
tension
• Firm, dry sponginess

A

chronic

55
Q

Musculoskeletal spasm

A

acute

56
Q

Joint motion restricted/fixed
• Rigid, sluggish movement
• “Rubbery” barrier

A

chronic

57
Q

Bogginess

A

acute

58
Q

How to Help balance SNS autonomic tone

A 
• Addresses T1-L2 along sympathetic chain ganglion
corresponding to the level of the reflex
- Inhibitory pressure
- Soft tissue myofascial release
- Rib raising
- Ganglion release
59
Q

OMT for parasympathetic innervation

A

• Vagus – CN X – Address the occipital and
the upper cervical region as reflex can lead to
dysfunctions of the OM suture, OA, C1-3
• Suboccipital release

60
Q

OMT: Respiratory Circulatory model goal

A

• Goal is to improve respiratory and circulatory/
lymphatic flow.
1. improve the motion of the thoracic cage
2. addressing any diaphragm restrictions
3. promote fluid movement through pumps
• Increased respiration and circulation –> increase
oxygenation –> healthier tissues

61
Q

Doming the diaphragm and thoracic inlet

myofascial release techniques

A

are used to
improve diaphragmatic movement and
lymphatic drainage.

62
Q

The thoracic lymphatic pump with activation

  1. steps
  2. effect
A
  1. combines rhythmical compressions to the chest
    wall and the rapid removal of the hands from the
    chest wall during deep inhalation
  2. enhancing lymphatic circulation and
    triggering a sudden expansion of airways and
    alveoli.
63
Q

during thoracic pump, when rapid removal of the hands from the chest wall is done

A

during deep inhalation

64
Q

The pedal lymphatic pump

  1. steps
  2. effects
A 
1. gently rocks the
patient in a superior-inferior rhythmical motion
while supine
2. to theoretically enhance lymphatic
circulation.
65
Q

OMT: Metabolic-Energy Model goal

A

Restore a balance between energy

production and expenditure

66
Q

OMT: Behavioral Model goal

A

Affect perception of pain, coping mechanisms,

decrease disability

67
Q

Boggy, more rough skin texture

A

acute

68
Q

Thin, smooth, atrophic skin texture

A

chronic

69
Q

Rigid, board-like

A

acute

70
Q

Increased moisture

A

acute

71
Q

Dry

A

chronic

72
Q

Edema in TART

A

acute

73
Q

Venous congestion

A

acute

74
Q

Neovascularization

A

chronic

75
Q

Erythema test - Redness lasts

A

acute

76
Q

Erythema test - Redness fades quickly or

blanching (white) occurs.

A

chronic

77
Q

Increased drag (slow)

A

acute

78
Q

Decreased drag (fast)

A

chronic

79
Q

skin Derived from

A

ectoderm

As is the nervous system

80
Q

Main cellular component of facia

A

Fibroblasts

81
Q

facia function

A 
Supportive/ stabilizing
• Neurovascular bundles
• Lymphatics
• Muscles
• Organs
82
Q

Fibroblasts function

A
  • Produce collagen

* Organized on stress/ lines of force

83
Q

muscles Attached to bones via

A

tendons

84
Q

tendons

A

attaches muscle to bone

85
Q

ligament

A

attaches bone to bone

OMM (5 decks)

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