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SPMT 220 History of Olympics > Olympics Exam 2 - FLASHCARDS - Exam 2 > Flashcards

Olympics Exam 2 - FLASHCARDS - Exam 2

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1
Q

What is Olympism?

A

A philosophy of life combining mind, body, and will in a balanced whole

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2
Q

What did Pierre De Coubertin say who the olympics should be for?

A

Everyone, not just elite athletes

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3
Q

How did Pierre de Coubertin want the Olympics to be played?

A

He wanted there to be competition, but fair play

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4
Q

What did Pierre de Coubertin think of the Olympics?

A

as a developmental tool

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5
Q

What are the three main values of olympism?

A

Excellence, friendship, and respect

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6
Q

What is the main concept of the Olympic Oath?

A

To take part in the games while abiding by the rules of fair play for the glory of the sport, honor of teams, and in respect for the findemental principles of olympianism

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7
Q

What is the Olympic Motto?

A

The Olympic Motto CITIUS, ALTIUS, FORTIUS” it IS LATIN and is accepted as “SWIFTER, HIGHER, STRONGER”.

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8
Q

Explain the appearance of the Olympic flag. What are the colors? What do the rings signify? What does the
Olympic Flag symbolize?

A

The colors on the top are blue, black, and red, and on the bottom are yellow and green. They represent Africa, the Americas, Asia, Austrailia, and Europe. It stands for the meeting of the athletes from around the world at the games. The colors were chosen because one of these colors can be found on the flag of every nation

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9
Q

What is the goal of the Olympic movement?

A

Building a peaceful and better world by educating youth through sport in accordance with olympianism and its values

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10
Q

What are issues that could cause the Olympic games to end?

A

Racial, gender equality, violence, doping, commercialization, and European IOC board members

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11
Q

Who is known as the founder of the modern Olympics?

A

Pierre de Coubertin

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12
Q

What were the goals of Coubertin in the Olympics?

A

Education, International Understanding, Equal Opportunities, Fair & Equal Competition, Cultural Expression, Independence of Sport, and Personal Excellence

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13
Q

What are examples of olympism?

A

EDUCATION
• INTERNATIONAL UNDERSTANDING
• EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES
• FAIR AND EQUAL COMPETITION
• CULTURAL EXPRESSION
• INDEPENDENCE OF SPORT
• PERSONAL EXCELLENCE

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14
Q

What were the 1936 Berlin olympics?

A

Signaled Germany’s return to the world community after its isolation in the aftermath of defeat in World War I.

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15
Q

What was the Tlatelolco Massacre?

A

On October 2, 1968, ten days before the start of the Olympics, the government ordered the gathering in Plaza de las Tres Culturas to be broken up. Some 5000 soldiers and 200 tankettes surrounded the plaza. Hundreds of protesters and civilians were killed and over 1000 were arrested. They were protesting the upcoming olympics

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16
Q

Who were Tommie Smith and John Carlos?

A

During their medal ceremony while the national anthem played, they raised their fists covered in black gloves to protest against racism. the IOC decided this message was unfit for the Olympics and banned them from the games.

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17
Q

When did the winter olympics begin?

A

In 1924 with the Chamonix games in France

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18
Q

What olympics introduced the closing ceremony?

A

1924 olympics in Paris

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19
Q

When was the olympic fire first lit?

A

At the 1928 summer games in Amsterdam

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20
Q

What olympics introduced the torch relay?

A

The 1936 olympics in Berlin

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21
Q

What was the first olympics to be broadcast on TV?

A

The 1936 olympics in Berlin. They had 25 large screens around Berlin

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22
Q

How did Judy Guinness show olympic spirit?

A

In a gesture of fair play, she gave up her hopes for a gold medal when she pointed out to officials that they had not noticed two touches scored against her by her final opponent, Ellen Preis of Austria

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23
Q

How did Eugenio Monti show olympic spirit through sportsmanship?

A

He helped his Canadian rivals by lending them an axle to replace the one that had broken on their bobsled. He was honored with the Pierre de Coubertin medal for his sportsmanship

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24
Q

Who were the swedish sailors who won the fair play trophy?

A

During the 1964 Tokyo Games, Swedish sailing brothers Lars Gunnar Käll and Stig Lennart Käll gave up a potential medal to rescue two fellow competitors from a capsized boat. The Swedes were in third place when they saw their Australian competitors’ boat had capsized

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25
Q

What was the first olympic games where all 197 NOCs were represented?

A

1996 summer olympics

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26
Q

When were computers first used in figure skating?

A

In the 1952 Oslo olympics. Computers were used for the first time in figure skating, to calculate the scores awarded by the different judges for the compulsory and free programs. This enabled an athlete’s score to be given immediately

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27
Q

When were starting blocks first used in the olympics?

A

Starting blocks were first used for track in the 1948 summer olympics

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28
Q

How was the instant replay discovered?

A

In the 1960 olympics at Squaw Valley, when officials became unsure as to whether a skier had missed a gate in the men’s slalom they asked CBS-TV if they could review a videotape of the race

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29
Q

When were metal skis first used?

A

In the 1960 olympics in Squaw Valley, California

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30
Q

What was the first time a fiberglass pole was used for pole vaulting?

A

In the 1964 olympics in Tokyo

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31
Q

What was the first time femininity and doping tests were performed at the games? Who was tested?

A

At the 1968 winter games in Grenoble, France

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32
Q

What was the Fosbury Flop?

A

At the 1968 summer games in Mexico City, Dick Fosbury created a new jumping style for track and field events

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33
Q

During the 2004 games in Athens, who was pushed off course by a disturbed man while in the lead during a marathon, which set him back, causing him to win a bronze instead? Won a Pierre de Coubertin medal for his sportsmanship after the race

A

Vanderlei de Lima of Brazil

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34
Q

During what games did Sara Renner break her pole vaulting pole and the Norwegian coach gave her his, allowing her to win silver but dropping Norway to 4th. This coach showed olympic spirit

A

2006 Turin games

35
Q

What is the skeleton race and when was it first used in the olympics?

A

World’s first sliding sport, where the competitor rides head-first lying face down on a flat sled. It was introduced at the 1928 winter olympics in St. Moritz

36
Q

What was the 1936 ski instructor controversy?

A

At the 1936 winter olympics, the IOC declared
that ski instructors could not compete in the Olympic
Games because they were professionals. Incensed,
Austrian and Swiss skiers boycotted the events, with
the exception of a few Austrians who decided to
represent Germany

37
Q

What was the effect of the Great Depression on the games?

A

participation in the 1932 Games was the lowest since 1904, with only half as many athletes taking part as had in 1928

38
Q

What was the effect of the Nazi regime on the 1936 olympics?

A

The Nazi regime tried to camouflage its violent racist policies while it hosted the Summer Olympics. Most anti-Jewish signs were temporarily removed and newspapers toned down their harsh rhetoric. Thus, the regime exploited the Olympic Games to present foreign spectators and journalists with a false image of a peaceful, tolerant Germany.

39
Q

What is the IOC?

A

The supreme authority of the Olympic movement and is an independent non profit organization.

40
Q

How many members are in the IOC?

A

115

41
Q

What are responsible for organizing their people’s participation in the Olympic Games?

A

NOC’s

42
Q

How are members elected in the IOC?

A

By secret ballot

43
Q

What are the responsibilities of the IOC?

A

supervise, support and monitor the organisation of the Games; ensure that they run smoothly; and make sure that the rules of the Olympic Charter and the Olympic Host Contract are respected.

44
Q

What are additional respobsibilities of the IOC?

A
  1. Provide support through finance, knowledge and expertise.
  2. Responsible for inviting the NOCs to participate in the Games, sending out invitations one year before the Opening Ceremony.
  3. Involved in helping athletes from developing nations reach a suitable standard to participate at the Olympics
45
Q

What are additional responsibilities of the IOC?

A
  1. The IOC Medical Commission is the body responsible for implementing the World Anti-Doping Code and all other IOC Anti-Doping Rules.
  2. Created by the IOC in 2001, Olympic Broadcast Services (OBS) acts as the Host Broadcaster for the Games.
  3. The IOC also helps to fund the Olympic Games by providing a significant contribution to the organizing committee’s budget from the revenues it (the IOC) generates
46
Q

Which group is responsible for the integrity of their sport on the international level?

A

International Federation

47
Q

Which of the following is not true regarding the bidding process?

A. Because of the implied benefits of the host country, the process has caused some candidates to use extreme intentions such as psycological tricks on IOC members to secure the bid.
B. The bidding process requires the cooporation between various agencies within a city, state, or country.
C. All of the above are true
D. The selection committee uses several criteria to select the host such as Olympic village, transportation, and facilities.
E. It takes at least 8 yearsv to put a bid together and organize the games.

A

All of the above

48
Q

Howmany athletes are members of the IOC?

A

15

49
Q

How many members of the IOC are representatives of NOCs and international federations?

A

15 each

50
Q

Who was Pierre de Coubertin?

A

Known as the reviver of the games. Believed that sport was essential for the development of human character, and that through sportsmanship one develops one’s moral energy. He thus saw sport as an important part of the personal development of young people and regarded it as a core part of the general educational strategy for France

51
Q

What sports organization did Pierre de Coubertin found?

A

Union des Sociétés Francaises de Sports Athlétiques (USFSA).

52
Q

Who organized the meeting where the modern Olympic Games were revived?

A

Pierre de Coubertin

53
Q

Where were the games played after they were revived?

A

Athens

54
Q

What is social marketing?

A

Seeks to develop and integrate marketing concepts with other approaches to social change. Social marketing aims to influence behaviors that benefit individuals and communities for the greater social good

55
Q

How was Pierre de Coubertin considered a social marketer?

A

He was committed to social change
• He desired to reform French education
• His biggest ambition in the 1880’s was to improve recreation
and introduce sport in schools.
• He aimed at social reform through education

56
Q

How was Pierre de Coubertin considered a skillful maneuverer?

A

Coubertin protected the idea of the Olympics and the
permanence of Greece hosting the Games. He is also
characterized as a visionary whose ideals continue to this day.
He develop the IOC. He became the 2nd President

57
Q

How did the modern Olympic games begin?

A

On June 23rd Coubertin organized a meeting which brought
79 delegates from 12 countries together to discuss how to
revive the Olympic games. The meeting established the first
International Olympic Committee, and the basic framework of
having the games every four years, with the first to take
place in Greece, was decided upon

58
Q

Who first used the term social marketing?

A

Kotler and Zaltman

59
Q

Which country claims the birth of modern team sports?

A

Great Britain

60
Q

What are the goals of the Olympic movement?

A

To promote the development of those physical and moral qualities which are the basis of sport.

To educate young people through sport in a spirit of better understanding between each other, and of friendship, thereby helping to build a better and more peaceful world.

To spread the Olympic principles throughout the world, thereby creating international goodwill.

To bring together athletes of the world in the great four-yearly sports festival, the Olympic Games

61
Q

What was the Munich Massacre?

A

terrorist attack carried out during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, by eight members of the Palestinian militant organization Black September, who infiltrated the Olympic Village

62
Q

How many were killed in the Munich Massacre?

A

11 Isreili athletes, 5 members of Black September, and 1 west German police officer

63
Q

What were construction issues with the bird’s nest stadium?

A

It cost 480 minnion to build in 5 years. 11 million a year to maintain and is now in disrepair

64
Q

How much money was spent on the 2014 Sochi games?

A

52 billion

65
Q

What was the tradegy during the 1996 olympics in Atlanta?

A

a terrorist bomb exploded in the Centennial Olympic Park. Two people died and a further 110 people were injured

66
Q

What was the Magnificent Seven?

A

United States Olympic women’s gymnastics team that won the first ever gold medal for the United States in the women’s team competition in Atlanta

67
Q

At what olympics was the snowboard introduced?

A

1998 Nagano

68
Q

What was the first boycott free game since 1972?

A

1992 Barcelona

69
Q

What was the Dream Team?

A

First American Olympic team to feature active professional players from the National Basketball Association. Included Magic Johnson, Michael Jordan, and Larry Bird among others, winning gold.

70
Q

What was the Canadian hockey prominence in the 2002 Olympics?

A

Canada’s men had not won the Olympic gold since 1952, after dominating the sport for the first 30 years of Olympic competition. In the final, the United States faced Canada, and a similar close match was expected, but Canada prevailed rather easily, 5-2.

71
Q

When were two golds awarded in pairs figure skating
rather than a gold and a silver?

A

In the 2002 winter olympics, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Executive Board decided to award Jamie Salé and David Pelletier from Canada a gold medal in the figure skating, pairs competition in Salt Lake City.

72
Q

What was the first time a unified German team competed since 1936?

A

1992 games in Albertville

73
Q

When did the winter and summer games split up?

A

1992

74
Q

What was the sprint scandal with Ben Johnson?

A

He was acused of using steroids so he was disqualified

75
Q

What olympics was the 1980 USA hockey team at?

A

1980 winter in Lake Placid

76
Q

When was the olympic flame lit and has since been lit forever?

A

At the 1964 games in Innsbruck

77
Q

What games had a lack of snow?

A

1964 winter in Innsbruck. The Austrian army rushed to the rescue, carving out 20,000 blocks of ice from the mountain side and transporting them down to the luge and bobsleigh tracks. They also carried 40,000 cubic meters of snow to the Alpine skiing slopes

78
Q

Why were the Melbourne and Stockholm games in 1956 split?

A

To allow for the equestrian sports to be held and to avoid the problem of quarantine for horses entering Australia, the Games took place in two different cities (Stockholm and Melbourne), in two different countries (Sweden and Australia)

79
Q

When was the cross country skiing event opened up to women?

A

1952 games in Oslo

80
Q

What was important about women involvement in the 1952 games in Helsinki?

A

It was the first time the Soviet Union entered the olympic games.

81
Q

What was important about women involvement in the 1998 winter games?

A

It was the first time women competed in ice hockey in the Olympics

82
Q

At what games did the Fierce Five compete?

A

2012 summer games in London

83
Q

What was the protesting at the 1972 games in Sapporo for?

A

The subject of amateurism stirred controversy at the Sapporo 1972 Games. Austrian skier Karl Schranz was declared ineligible because he had allowed his name and photo to be used in commercial advertising, but full-time ice hockey players from Communist nations were allowed to compete

SPMT 220 History of Olympics (3 decks)

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