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Olympics and panathenaia Flashcards

1
Q

Who was teh olympics held in honour of

A

Zeus

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2
Q

How long did the Olympics last

A

Five days

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3
Q

What events were on day one of the Olympics

A

Boys wrestling running boxing contests

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4
Q

What events were held on day two at the Olympics

A

Chariot and horse races completed by horse specialists. Also the pentathlon which consisted of discus, javelin, jumping, running and wrestling.

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5
Q

What were the events in the pentathlon

A

Discus, javelin, jumping, running and wrestling.

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6
Q

What events took place on day three of the Olympics

A

Footraces, for men

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7
Q

What events took place on day four at the Olympics

A

Wrestling, boxing and the pancreatic on. (Type of all in wrestling) and race and armour

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8
Q

What events were held on day five at the Olympics

A

No competition

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9
Q

When was the procession and where was it from

A

The procession took place two days before the Olympics it was from Ellis to Olympia. Down the sacred Road. Which was about 30 or 40 miles long (58 km)

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10
Q

What sacrifices were there at Olympia

A

Sacrifice of a pig, 100 Oxon, minor sacrifices, daily offerings.

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11
Q

When was the sacrifice of the pig and what was its purpose

A

On route to Olympia from Alice at the Fountain of Piers, the pigs throat was slit. This was for purification.

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12
Q

When was the sacrifice of 100 Oxon and why was it carried out

A

On the morning of the middle day of the festival, immediately after the full moon, outside the temple/daughter of Zeus. Done by slaughtering them the legs were carried to the top of a mound of ashes accumulated from other sacrifices and then burnt. This was in honour of Zeus hockey us, the smoke was believed to allow Zeus to take sustenance. Competitors athletes and trainers sworn oath on this

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13
Q

When did minus sacrifices take place and why were they carried out

A

Made throughout the festival, made throughout the century at different orders and statues of deities. Here the athlete would pray. They would sometimes consult the innards of an animal to see if they would win. This was in order to offer thanks and vows to the gods.

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14
Q

When the daily offerings take place at the Olympics and why was the sacrifice carried out

A

The priest carried out sacrifices at 69 of the orders regularly in Olympia. This was to keep the gods favourable

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15
Q

The hellanodikai prepare for the Olympics

A

10 months before they separated into three groups one person being the overall supervisor. The groups before a Questria and events the pentathlon and the third was the remainder of the competitions .

They judge the competition

They sent out the heralds to announce the truce

With one month to go they train the competitors strictly, they disqualified those who are not fit, checked on parentage and Greek descent, and resolve any disputes concerning the classification of men and boys horses and colts

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16
Q

What was the order of the procession

A

First came the hellanodikai and other officials, then the athletes and the trainers, horses and chariots together with their owners, jockeys and charioteers

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17
Q

Where was the fountain of Piera located

A

On the boundary between Alice and Olympia

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18
Q

Where did they spend the night on the middle of the procession to Olympia

A

They spent the night at the letrini and the next day wound their way along the valley of the Alpheios towards the Altus

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19
Q

What did the athletes have to do 10 months prior to the Olympic

A

They had to be in strict training in their home towns and had to swear to this fact.

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20
Q

What did the athletes have to do with a one month to go before the Olympics

A

The athletes had to observe a strict diet, carry out a gruelling regime of exercise and obey every word of the Hellenodikai.

The competitors were required to reside at Alice and train under strict supervision of the Hellanodikai

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21
Q

What was the only race in the first 13 Olympiad’s?

A

The stade

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22
Q

What was the dolichos and what was the Diaulos

A

The dolichos was first introduced in 720 BC, it was 4800 m roughly 24 lengths

The Diaulos was named after a double pipe instrument it was two lengths of the stadium

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23
Q

Why was Leonidas so famous (to do with the Olympics)

A

For 12 years he won all 3 races for 4 consecutive Olympiad

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24
Q

What was the hoplitodromia. when did it happen

A

It was the race in armour, it was added in 520 BC. It took place on the fourth day, it was the last event. It was very difficult competitors had to carry 22 kg

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25
What was the Lampadedromia
Relay race with a torch. Winner was 1st to get back with torch alight
26
Who were the magistophorai and what was their purpose?
That job was to whip people their name literally means whip bearer
27
Jesus drank water really jazzily
Did u get me ??
28
Describe the ancient discuses which have survived from ancient Greece
About 20 have survived, most bronze, some marble and one led
29
What was the most important part other than the distance of the discus thrown to the ancient Greeks
The Greeks considered important grace and elegance for de gods
30
What was javelin throwing inspired
Warfare
31
What is the difference between how and ancient javelin was thrown than today
Phones were attached to the javelin for power and control different to today's they would put two fingers in the phone and then wrap the hand around the spear
32
How many attempts were javelin throwers allowed
Three
33
What did the Greeks hold when they were doing long jump
They held Halters which are weights the used to propel themselves forward
34
What was viewed as the most challenging sport in the Olympics
The long jump
35
What were the two kinds of wrestling and how do they differ from each other
Upright wrestling/proper wrestling: aim to throw down opponent three times Ground wrastling: aim to get other person to drop out
36
What was the pancration
A cross between boxing and wrestling with no rules Stunt through: launching person overhead Ladder grip
37
Where did the wrestling take place
In the palaestra
38
Describe the wrestler
Short hair Naked Would be covered in oil and would have to powder to stop being slippery Right leather capsstop people grabbing their hair
39
Why did the Greeks like the pancration
Greeks like the brutal nature of the game, and skills were similar to that of combat Competitors would start normally by twisting each other's arms. To win, quite often would strangle each other so one with Marcy. They would learn to fight on the knees, as this was very important.
40
Who took part in the first boxing contest at Olympia and won?
Aries and Apollo completed, Apollo won
41
Where did boxing originate? How old a sport is it?
Originated in Mycenaean or mineoan times, started in 688BC
42
Describe the different clubs boxes wore: the development
First nothing, then Sperry which were gloves made of leather with a bit of padding, last one hard gloves which covered the whole hand.
43
What kinds of people could afford to take part in chariot racing
Rich people and who paid slaves to take part
44
What were the two types of chariot race
Tethripon Synoris Different ones for horses and colts
45
Was different between a mule driver and a charioteer
A mule driver had a high seat.
46
What was different about horseracing in the ancient Olympics and horseracing today
The jockeys rode bearbacj without stirrups Jockeys will usually paid servants One race called Apobates for the mares (female horse), where the rider would get off and run run alongside for the final part.
47
Who would be proclaimed Victor for the horse races
Even women, children and states could become Victor if they owned a horse.
48
How expensive were race horses
Only very rich could afford to care for the horses and transport them to Olympia.
49
What was the function and key details of the altar of Zeus
It was believed to have existed as early as the tenth century BC Legend says it marks the spot where Zeus had struck with a thunderbolt, when he claimed the area as his sacred precinct It was a stone base with a conical pile of ashes on top which grew year by year as more were added
50
What were the function key details of the sacred Olive tree
This was one of a number originally planted by Heracles, according to Pindar, and from it the Olympic crowns were made
51
What was the function and key details of the Pelopion
This was a walled area and was the so-called burial mound of the hero Pelops
52
What were the function and key details of the temple of Hera
Built around 600 BC, oldest building at Olympia with surviving remains. Probably erected by local tribes before the Eleans declared this site to do Zeus. No two columns were the same There was a statue of Zeus and of Hera to show the union of beliefs
53
Describe the function and key details of the statue of victory
In front of the temple of Zeus is a figure of victory sweeping down from the happens, on top of a nine meter high pillar.
54
Describe the function and key details of the temple of Zeus
The main attraction was the statue of Zeus made of chryselephantine (gold and ivory). It was fully completed in 456 BC on the inner panels are the 12 labours of Hercules. The outer Pedders there is the story of Pelops. There are over 100 Lionhead statues on the roof to drain water
55
Describe the function and key details of the prytaneion
It is the location of the great banquet of victors in the game and also an administrative centre for the cult and festival
56
Describe the function and keydetails of the bouleterion
It was a council house in the south wing first constructive in 550 BC it holds the statue of Zeus horkio where the hellanodikai and competitors swear oaths
57
Describe the function and key details of the Treasuries
Each policy set up their own altar and statue surrounding it it also held money that the colonies could withdraw if they were in need
58
Describe the function and keydetails of the Leonidaion
It was the hotel for visiting officials and VIPs .
59
Describe the function and Key details on the swimming pool
Open air | 24 metres
60
Describe the function key details of the temple rhea
- also known as meter | - 4th century bc
61
Describe the functions and keydetails of the Pheidias' the workshop
Pheidias' workshop is built in the style of the temple of Zeus so that when he was building the chryselephantine statue it was in the correct dimensions
62
Describe the function and key details of the Echo and southern Colonnade
The echo collonade is forming a boundary between the hippodrome and the sacred test
63
Describe the functions and key details of the judges stand an entrance
The judges stand wasn't necessarily use for judging as he was in a very bad place for the track to view the race The tunnel leading into the stadium was only used by athletes and judges and was used to make a grand entrance
64
Describe how the starting gate of the hippodrome works
There are six gates on either side and when a golden eagle is pulldown added contraptions that's off however the actual starting gate has no purpose of making a dramatic start
65
When did the Olympics begin
776 BC
66
Yo when is the panathenaia ?
It is on the 28th of hecatombien (mid July)
67
What does the panathenaia stand for and what does it celebrate
It stands for all Athene and is celebrating Athena's birthday
68
What is the peplos and what does it stand for
The item of clothing they place around Athena that takes 9 months to weave
69
Happens on the first day of the Panathenaia what is the date
The first day of the panathenaia, the 23rd, is rhapsodic and musical contests
70
What happens on the second day of the panathenaia what is the day
It is the day the 24th which are boys and youth contests
71
What happens on the third day of the panathenaia and what is the date
On the third day it is the 25th of hecatomb Brian and it is the men's athletics competition
72
What happens on the fourth day of the panathenaia what is the date
On the 26th it is the equestrian events
73
What happens on the fifth day of the Panathenaia and what day is it
On the fifth day of the panathenaia they are the tribal contest 27th
74
What happens on the sixth day of the Panathenaia and what date is it
On the sixth day is the 28th and they hold the torch raise the pannychis procession and the sacrifice
75
What happened on the seventh day of the panathenaia and what date is
On the seventh day of the panathenaia of the 29th and the Apobates and boat race takes place
76
What happens on the eighth day of the panathenaia and what date is it
The eighth day is the 30th and this is when they give out prizes
77
When and where did the procession on the sixth day take place
It began at dawn after they stayed up all night in the pannychis and at the dipylon gate
78
What were the four main categories of the musical contests
Singers to the kithara ,soloists on the kithara , singers to the aulos ,soloists on the aulos
79
What was the prizes to the best singers on the kithara
First prize a gold crown worth 1000 drachmas and 500 silver drachmas Second prize 1200 drachmas Third prize 600 drachmas
80
What is the normal wage for a hoplite on campaign or a skilled worker
1Drachma a day
81
How was the great panathenaia split up into three groups
Boys Unbearded youths Men
82
How many tribes were there
10
83
Name all of the tribal contests
The euandrion -show of strength and also beauty Pyrrhic dance -war dance Boat race -in the harbour Torch race
84
Describe to euandrion
It was an event that trialled strength, manliness and beauty | The prize was 100 drachmas and an ox per person
85
Describe the pyrrhic dance
It was a war dance, a dance and armour to the album loss. It was proof that they could work together. Athena is said to have danced a Pyrrhic dance when the gods beat the Giants It was a prize of 100 drachmas and a bull
86
Describe the boat race
It was held at the Pyrrhus (harbour). It happened on the 29th Hejatombeion. it represented the end of the festival. Going off to battle. It was to Poseidon and Athena, the prize was 300 drachmas and 200 free meals
87
Describe the torch race (Lampedodromia)
It happened on 28, same time as panic us procession. Started outside the dipylon gate (alter Academy gymnasium.) : Winner was the 1st to reach the altar of Athena on Acropolis with the flame still lit. The price was 30 drachmas and a water jar
88
What were the three equestrian events at the great panathenaia
Apobates, throwing a javelin on horseback, mock cavalry battles, tethrippon
89
Describe the Apobates
A chariot race in which the driver had to jump out of the chariot, run alongside the horse and then jump back on. This allows them to show military skill and military awesomeness and propaganda. To people on chariot: one charioteer, one warrior (runner) This was a tribal event
90
Describe throwing a javelin on horseback event
Good military skills needed Race and javelin throw in one This was a tribal event
91
Describe the mock Cavalry battles
To all me a space in each other, five tribes against five tribes, in a pretend battle, more a spectacle than to the death fight. This was a tribal event
92
Describe the tethrippon
The biggest and most popular event, for horse chariot race: 140 amphorae of Olive oil as a prize It was a show of wealth and skill It was an open event

Clas Civ (5 decks)

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