OLV- (Physiology) Millers fast paced ppt. Newby Flashcards
go speed racer go!!!
the lungs have an inward elastic recoil to their make up
approx ___ elastic fiber within the lungs
Approx_____ r/t the fluid lining the surface of the lungs
and if allowed the lungs would collapse upon them selfs
1/3
2/3
The thoracic cage has an ______ and _____ recoil or tendency
- outward
- upward
*** if allowed they would expand outward and upward without recoil
just to clearify the last 2 slides
the two opposing forces nullify each other b/c of the closed system b/t them
There is a negative intra-plural pressure b/t the pleura (visceral and Parietal) filled with fluid at approximately _____, this pressure is made more negative upon inspiration to approx _______. This causes the lungs to expand and create a sub atmospheric enviroment.
- -5 cmH20
- -7.5 cmH20
There is a negative intra-plural pressure b/t the pleura (visceral and Parietal) filled with fluid at approximately -5cmH20 this pressure is made more negative upon inspiration to approx -7.5 cmH20, This causes the lungs to expand and create a sub atmospheric enviroment. during expiration this pressure will become less negative, under normal respirations, this pressure is Never _____, but during extreme forceful breathing, this pressure can become ______-
- positive
- positive
Thoracic Physiology:
what is the muscular force on inhalation with normal ventilation? 2 steps, and name the effect
- contraction of diaphragm
- Contraction of External Intercostal muscles
- creats the PALE-HANDLE effect
Thoracic Physiology:
The muscular force of inhalation for normal ventilation is a combination of the contraction of the diaphragm and contraction of the externsl intercostal muscles creating the pale-handle effect. this ______ the negativity of the intraplural space, therby drawing the surface of the lungs ______, creating a negative enviroment within the lungs, drawing air into the _____ space
- increases
- outward
- thoracic
Thoracic Physiology:
Muscular interaction exhalation during normal ventilation is accomplished by how (2 ways)
- passive relaxation of diaphragm
- Passive relaxation of external intercostals
Thoracic Physiology:
in normal ventilation the muscular interaction for exhalation is the passive relaxation of diaphragm and passive relaxation of the external intercostals. This _____ pressures with the thoracic cavity along with elastic recoil of the lungs. forcing air to be expired by the body.
increases
Respiratory Physiology:
Larger airways are lined with what 2 things?
- cartilidge
- smooth muscle tissue
Respiratory Physiology:
smaller airways lack _____, but retain _____?
- cartilidge
- smooth muscle tissue
Respiratory Physiology:
Smaller airways are attached also attached to what?
lung paranchyma
Respiratory Physiology:
since the smaller airways are attached to lung paranchyma what does this mean?
smooth muscle cells are not the only controlling factor for airway diameter
Airway of the Lungs:
Airways are under control of what to things?
- Physiologic
- humoral
Airway of the Lungs:
what is the physiologic ways the airway is controlled?
- Bronchials have SNS and PNS innervation
Airway of the Lungs:
the SNS physiologic control of the airway in controled by what receptors?
- Mainly Beta-2
- Some Alpha-1
Airway of the Lungs:
the PNS physiological control of teh airway is controlled by what receptors?
- 80% M2 muscarinic
- the remainder M3 muscarinic receptors
** M2 receptors are PNS in regards to the pulmonary system
Airway of the Lungs:
What 3 things make up the Humoral control of the airway?
- Circulating catecholamines
- Inflammatory mediators
- Neural peptides (ex. vasoactive intestinal peptides)
in the lungs where does “the magic happen”
the alveolus
what is a small spherical structure of the lungs that is only one cell layer think?
Alveolus
the alveolus is surrounded by what?
a vascular bundle or network
what occurs in the alveolus?
gas exchange
(known as respiration)
ohhhhhhhhh ahhhhhhhhhhh
Althought the alveolus seems by far to be the most important cell type and structure; there are other important cells as well. what are they? I’ll give you a hint there is 3
- Type I alveolar cells
- Type II alveolar cells
- Macrohages/Mast/Lymphocytes
What do type I alveolar cells do?
create tight junctions
What do type II alveolar cells do?
produce surfactant
Label
- Alveolar epithelium
- Epithelium Basment membrane
- Fluid and sufactant layer
- Interstitial space
- Capillary basement membrane
- capillary endotheliium
- RBC
- CO2
- O2
Alveoli:
Under normal healthy conditions
- the alveoli at the apex of the lung are more ____1___ and at a ___2__ resting pressure (near maximum expansion)
- Alveoli in the base of the lungs are much __3__ distended and are at ___4____ resting pressures
- distended
- Lower
- less
- higher
Alveoli:
Under normal healthy conditions the alveoli at the apex of the lung are more distended and at a lower resting pressure (near maximum expansion) and the Alveoli in the base of the lungs are much less distended and are at higher resting pressures. These 2 points are related to what?
gravity
Alveoli:
When averaged, the normal pressure of the alveoli at end expiration is approximately what?
0, zero, zip, null, nothing, ziltch, notta damn thing
Zones of west pic label
- 1
- 2
- 3
Zones of west:
the lung is divided into ___ theoretical Zones by Dr. John (Wild Wild) West
4
Zones of west:
- PA
- Pa
- PV
- PA-partial pressure of alveolus
- Pa- Partial pressure of artery
- PV- Partial prssure of vein
Zones of west:
the zones were devised by teh nature of the alveoli and their interation with what?
the vascular system
