Olivia Taylor ch.16

Question 1

foreign policy

Answer 1

area of policy that encompasses how one country builds relationships with other countries in order to safeguard its national interest

Question 2

defense policy

Answer 2

area of policy making that focuses on the strategies that a country uses to protect itself from its enemies

Question 3

isolationism

Answer 3

the U.S policy of avoiding entangling alliances with foreign powers

Question 4

farewell address

Answer 4

when president George Washington left office, he wrote a letter, addressed to the people of the united states, waning them of the dangers to avoid in order to preserve the republic

Question 5

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 5

President James Monroe’s 1823 pledge that the united states would oppose attempts by European states to reestablish their political control in the Western Hemisphere

Question 6

tariff

Answer 6

taxes on imported goods

Question 7

manifest destiny

Answer 7

theory that the United States was divinely supported to expand across North America to Pacific Ocean

Question 8

roosevelt corollary

Answer 8

concept developed by president Theodore Roosevelt early in the twentieth century declaring that it was the responsibility of the united states to ensure ability in Latin america and the Caribbean

Question 9

world war I

Answer 9

A global military conflict from 1914-1918 across Europe and its overseas territories into which the united states militarily intervened in 1917-1918

Question 10

league of nations

Answer 10

a multicultural diplomatic organization that existed from 1920-1946 that sought, unsuccessfully t prevent future wars; the united states never joined

Question 11

collective security

Answer 11

the idea that an attack on one country is an attack on all countries

Question 12

world war II

Answer 12

A global military conflict from 1939-1945 in Europe, Africa, Asia, and the united states was engaged from 1941-1945

Question 13

united nations

Answer 13

a multilateral diplomatic organization founded in 1945 and continuing today that is intended to promote peaceful resolution of international disputes and advance human development wold-wide; the united states is a founding member

Question 14

UN security council

Answer 14

a principal part of the united nations, charged with authorizing peacekeeping operations international sanctions, and military action in order to maintain global peace and security

Question 15

Iron curtain

Answer 15

a term during the cold war to describe the divide between the capitalist west and communist east

Question 16

bretton woods system

Answer 16

international financial system devised shortly before the end of World War II that created the world bank and the international monetary fund

Question 17

international monetary fund

Answer 17

international governmental organization designed to stabilize international currency transactions

Question 18

world bank

Answer 18

international governmental organization created to provide loans for large economic development projects

Question 19

general agreement on tariffs and trade

Answer 19

post-world war II economic development treaty designed to help facilitate international trade negotiations and promote free trade

Question 20

world trade organization

Answer 20

an international organization that replaced GATT IN 1995 to supervise and expand international trade

Question 21

cold war

Answer 21

the period of superpower rivalry and confrontation between the united states and the soviet union, lasting from the end of world war II to 1991

Question 22

containment

Answer 22

u.s policy of opposing soviet expansion and communist revolutions around the world with military forces, economic assistance, and poitilcal influence

Question 23

deterrence

Answer 23

the military strategy of employing enormous force, including nuclear weapons, in order to prevent the outbreak or escalation of armed conflicts

Question 24

truman doctrine

Answer 24

u.s anti-communist policy initiated in 1947 that became the basis of U.S foreign policy throughout the cold war

Question 25

marshall plan

Answer 25

European collective recovery program, named after sectary of state George c. marshall, that provided extensive american aid to western europe after worlds war II

Question 26

North Atlantic treaty organization

Answer 26

the first peacetime military treaty joined by the united states; nato is a collective security pact that includes the United States, canada, and parts of europe

Question 27

berlin wall

Answer 27

a barrier built by east germany in 1961 to cut off democratic west berlin from communist east berlin

Question 28

cuban missile crisis

Answer 28

the 1962 confrontation over the deployment of ballistic missiles in cuba that nearly escalated into nuclear war between the united states and the soviet union

Question 29

korean war

Answer 29

a civil war from 1950-1953 in which the united states supported the south vietnamese regime against communist forces in north korea

Question 30

vietnam war

Answer 30

a civil war in which the united states supported the south korean regime against communist forces in north vietnam, which escalated through the 1960s before ending in 1975

Question 31

detente

Answer 31

the improvement in relations between the united states and the soviet union that occurred during the 1970s

Question 32

human rights

Answer 32

the protection of people’s basic freedoms and needs

Question 33

reagan doctrine

Answer 33

the reagan administration’s commitment to ending communism by providing military assistance to anticommunist group

Question 34

gulf war

Answer 34

a military conflict from 1990-1991 in which a U.S led international coalition reversed the occupation of Kuwait by the armed forces of Iraq

Question 35

al-Qaeda

Answer 35

the islamic terrorist organization responsible for the 9/11 terrorist attacks and numerous other actions against U.S. overseas interests

Question 36

September 11

Answer 36

a terrorist plot carried out on September 11,2001 that used hijacked civilian aircraft to attack the world trade center in new york and the pentagon near washington D.C

Question 37

global war on terror

Answer 37

An international action, initiate by President George W. Bush after the 9/11 terrorist attack, to weed out terrorist operatives throughout the world

Question 38

Afghanistan War

Answer 38

a military conflict begun in 2002 in which a U.S led international coalition invaded Afghanistan in order to depose the government and deny a safe heaven to terrorists

Question 39

iraq war

Answer 39

a military conflict from 2003-2011 in which a U.S led international coalition invaded iraq and deposed its regime but proved unable to establish a stable new government

Question 40

ISIS

Answer 40

a terrorist organization that calls itself an Islamic State, controls parts of Syria and Iraq and uses that as a base to direct and inspire terrorist attacks abroad

Question 41

National Security Council

Answer 41

the agency within the white house , led by the national security advisor, which brings together key foreign policy actor to advise the president

Question 42

department of state

Answer 42

chief executive branch department responsible for formulation and implementation of U.S foreign policy

Question 43

department of defense

Answer 43

chief executive branch department responsible for formulation and implementation of U.S defense and military policy

Question 44

joint chiefs of staff

Answer 44

military advisory board that includes the Army chief of staff, the air force chief of staff, the chief of naval operations, and the Marine commandant

Question 45

Department of Homeland Security

Answer 45

cabinet department created after the 9/11 terrorikst attacks to coordinate dmestic security efforts

Question 46

central intelligency agency

Answer 46

a U.S government agency dedicated to intelligence gathering and covert operations

Question 47

War Powers Resolution

Answer 47

passed by congress in 1973; the president is limited in the deployment of troops overseas to a sixty-day period in peacetime which can be extended for an extra thirty days to permit withdrawl unless congress explicitly gives its approval for a longer period

Question 48

foreign policy realism

Answer 48

a perspective contending that the behavior of countries in the International behavior arena is mainly intended to protect their economic and security interests

Question 49

foreign policy idealism

Answer 49

a perspective contending that the behavior of countries in the International arena is mainly intended to advance their values and principles

Question 50

protectionism

Answer 50

a trade policy wherein a country takes steps to limit the import of foreign goods through tariffs and subsides to domestic firms

Question 51

strategic trade policy

Answer 51

a trade policy wherein governments identify key industries that they wish to see grow and enact policies to support their development and success

Question 52

free trade system

Answer 52

a system of international trade that limits government interference on the sale of goods and services among countries

Question 53

north american free trade agreement

Answer 53

agreement that promotes free movement of goods and services among Canada, mexico, and the united states

Question 54

Trans- pacific partnership

Answer 54

a proposed agreement between the U.S. and eleven other nations on the Pacific Rim intended to substantially lower tariffs and protect intellectual property

Question 55

European Union

Answer 55

an organization with political institutions that join 28 countries in Europe into a union that promotes free trade, a central bank, flow of labor and capital, and a common currency among most members

Question 56

Military-industrial complex

Answer 56

the network of political and financial relations formed by defense industries, the U.S armed forces, and Congress