Olivia Taylor Flashcards
federal bureaucracy
the thousands of federal government agencies and institutions that implement and administer federal laws and programs
Max weber
german sociologist active in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who articulated the hierarchical structure and near-mechanical functioning of bureaucracies in complex situations
spoils system
the firing of public-office holders of a defeated political party to replace them with loyalists of the newly elected party
patronage
jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support.
merit system
a system of employment based on qualifications, test scores, and ability , rather than party loyalty.
pendleton act
United States federal law enacted in 1883 that mandated that positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation.
civil service system
the merit system by which many federal bureaucrats are selected.
sixteenth amendment
The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.
world war I
Alliance between France, Britain, Russia, and later Japan, Italy, and the U.S. Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and later Ottoman Empire.
great depression
The economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in October, 1929, and continuing through most of the 1930s. -One of the darkest moments in World History. Black Tuesday.
world war II
Alliance of Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States, and France.The union of Austria with Germany, resulting from the occupation of Austria by the German army in 1938.
G.I government issue bill
A law passed in 1944 that provided educational and other benefits for people who had served in the armed forces in World War II. Benefits are still available to persons honorably discharged from the armed forces
great society
a domestic program in the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson that instituted federally sponsored social welfare programs.
department of homeland security
cabinet department of the U.S. federal government with responsibilities in public security, roughly comparable to the interior or home ministries of other countries.
cabinet departments
department or other government agency that directly supports the work of the government’s central executive office, usually the cabinet and/or prime minister, rather than specific ministerial portfolios.
independent executive agencies
United States federal government are agencies that exist outside the federal executive departments (those headed by a Cabinet secretary) and the Executive Office of the President.
independent regulatory commission
federal agencies created by an act of Congress that are independent of the executive departments. Though they are considered part of the executive branch, these agencies are meant to impose and enforce regulations free of political influence.
government corporations
company that is owned by the government and operates with the same independence of a private business, except that the owner is the government
hatch act
An Act to Prevent Pernicious Political Activities, is a United States federal law whose main provision prohibits employees in the executive branch of the federal government, except the president, vice-president, and certain designated high-level officials, from engaging in some forms
implementation
the process of putting a decision or plan into effect; execution.
iron triangles
unique relationship between bureaucracy, congressmen, and lobbyists that results in the mutual benefit of all three of them
issue networks
an alliance of various interest groups and individuals who unite in order to promote a common cause or agenda in a way that influences government policy
interagency councils
Homelessness (USICH) is an independent federal agency within the U.S. executive branch that leads the implementation of the federal strategic plan to prevent and end homelessness. USICH is advised by a Council, which includes the heads of its 20 federal member agencies.
policy coordinating committees (PCCS)
Management of the development and implementation of national security policies by multiple executive departments and agencies typically shall be accomplished by the PCCs, with participation primarily occurring at the Assistant Secretary level.
administrative discretion
refers to the flexible exercising of judgment and decision making allowed to public administrators
rule making
ule-making is the process that executive and independent agencies use to create, or promulgate, regulations. In general, legislatures first set broad policy mandates by passing statutes, then agencies create more detailed regulations through rulemaking.
regulations
rules made by a government or other authority in order to control the way something is done or the way people behave.
federal register
official journal of the federal government of the United States that contains government agency rules, proposed rules, and public notices. It is published daily, except on federal holidays
administrative adjudication
process by which an administrative agency issues an affirmative, negative, injunctive, or declaratory order
