Olinger

Question 1

Greenstick Fracture

Answer 1

Incomplete fracture in children via falling

Question 2

What is the most common fracture site on the humerus

Answer 2

Surgical Neck

Question 3

Common sites of fracture on humerus

Answer 3

1) Surgical Neck Fracture

2) Greater Tubercle via Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, and Teres Minor

Question 4

Funny Bone

Answer 4

1) Groove for ulnar n. is compressed on the humerus posterior to medial epicondyle

Question 5

Fracture Elbow

Answer 5

1) Fracture of olecranon

2) Forceful nature of Triceps brachii –> avulsion fracture and difficult to repair

Question 6

Colles Fracture

Answer 6

1) Distal end of Radius fracture

2) Styloid process of ulna can also be avulsed

Question 7

Most common fracture carpal bone from the result of trying to break a fall.

Answer 7

1) Scaphoid

2) Distal fragment of bone is sus. to avascuar necrosis

Question 8

Location of Carpal Tunnel

Answer 8

Anterior to carpal bones and posterior to flexor retinaculum

Question 9

What passes through the carpal tunnel

Answer 9

1) Median Nerve
2) Flexor Carpi Radialis
3) Flexor Digitorum Superficialis and Profundus

Question 10

Carpal tunnel Syndrome

Answer 10

Swelling of tendons causes median nerve to be compressed

Question 11

What is Guyon Tunnel

Answer 11

1) Depression between pisiform and hamulus of hamate
2) Ulnar n. passes through here and can be sus. to compression
- Loss of sensation in the 4 and 5th digits before impaired intrinsic motor loss

Question 12

Boxer’s Fracture

Answer 12

Head of 5th Metacarpal fracture

Question 13

What fracture is common when hand is closed by door

Answer 13

Distal Phalange Fractures

Question 14

What usually causes Glenoid labrum tears

Answer 14

1) Sudden contraction of biceps brachii m.

2) Occurs anterosuperior part of labrum

Question 15

Who usually tears Glenoid Labrum

Answer 15

Individuals that repeatedly throw ball (baseball players)

Question 16

Shoulder Separation

Answer 16

1) Acromioclavicular Joint injury or separation

- capable of seperating w/ or w/o rupture of coracoclavicular ll

Question 17

Where does dislocation of glenoid humeral joint occur

Answer 17

Anteriorly or inferiorly due to the presence of the coracoacromial arch which prevents superior dislocation

Question 18

Force transmitted along the long axis of the forearm usually involves what?

Answer 18

1) Ulnar Collateral L. Tear

2) Posterior dislocation of Elbow Joint

Question 19

Two common Bursae to become inflamed

Answer 19

1) Subcutaneous Olecranon Bursa

2) Bicipitoradial Bursa

Question 20

Subcutaneous Olecranon Bursitis

Answer 20

Results from excessive friction between skin and olecranon

Question 21

Nurse Maid Elbow

Answer 21

Radial head capable of being dislocated out of annular l. via pulling on arm of child

Question 22

Bull Riders Thumb

Answer 22

1) Sprain of Lateral collateral l. and avulsion of lateral part of proximal phalanx of thumb

Question 23

Game Keeper’s Thumb or Skiers thumb

Answer 23

1) Laxity or rupture of both collateral ligaments of 1st metacarpophalangeal joints
2) Results in hyperabduction of that joint

Question 24

Baseball Finger or Mallet Finger

Answer 24

1) Avulsion of long extensor tendon away from distal phalanx
- due to sudden hyperflexion of distal interphalangeal joint

Question 25

Ganglion Cyst

Answer 25

1) Fluid filled cyst found in wrist or hand via irritation of synovial sheaths
- Painless

Question 26

Dupuytren Contracture

Answer 26

1) Shortening thickening, and fibrosis of palmar aponeurosis and palmar fascia
2) results in partial flexion of 4th and 5th digits

Question 27

Winging of Scapula results from?

Answer 27

Injury to long thoracic nerve

Patients will have difficulty abducting arm beyond horizontal position

Question 28

Most common rotator cuff muscle that injured

Answer 28

Supraspinatus

Question 29

Bicipital Myotactic Reflex

Answer 29

1) Tests Musculocutaneous , or C5 and C6 anterior rami

2) Strike the thumb placed over bicipital tendon w/ reflex hammer

Question 30

Biceps Tendonitis

Answer 30

Inflammation of Biceps tendon due to repetitive movement of long head of biceps t through intertubercular groove

Question 31

Popeyes Deformity

Answer 31

1) Biceps muscle balls up in mid arm due to dislocation of tendon out of intertubercular groove or separating entirely from supraglenoid tubercle

Question 32

Elbow Tendinitis or Tennis Elbow

Answer 32

1) Pain over lateral epicondyle down the posterior forearm via repeated superficial extensor muscles usage

Question 33

Lateral epicondylitis

Answer 33

1) Stain of periosteum of lateral humeral epicondyle due to repeated flexion and extension of wrist

Question 34

Thumb Opposition

Answer 34

1) Opponens Policis major player
2) Carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, and/or interphalangeal joint
3) Median Nerve controls it

Question 35

Superficial injury to Median Nerve in palm of hand

Answer 35

Causes problems with Thumb Opposition

Question 36

Region of Axillary that is subject to aneurysm

Answer 36

1) Region 1
2) Seen in baseball players
3) can compress brachial plexus

Question 37

Musculocutaneous N. Injury

Answer 37

1) Blunt Trauma

2) Anterior brachial muscles paralyzed

Question 38

Axillary Nerve injury

Answer 38

Paralysis and atrophy of deltoid and loss of sensation over superolateral arm

Question 39

Median N. injury in wrist

Answer 39

Adducted thumb and thenar eminence atrophy known as ape hand
No loss of sensation

Question 40

Median N. injury at elbow

Answer 40

Inhibits flexion of 2nd and 3rd digits

Known as hand of benediction and as well as symptoms of apes hand

Question 41

Handlebar neuropathy

Answer 41

Loss of sensation on medial side of hand and weakness of intrinsic hand muscles
Ulnar nerve compression between Hamulus of hamate

Question 42

Wrist drop

Answer 42

Radial n. injury

Also impairment of elbow extension, and thumb abduction and extension

Question 43

Fracture Surgical neck of humerus or Anterior dislocation of humerus

Answer 43

1) Axillary (C5-C6) injury

2) Flattened deltoid; loss of arm abduction at shoulder and loss of sensation over deltoid and lateral arm

Question 44

upper trunk compression

Answer 44

1) Musculocutaneous (C5-C7) injury

2) Decreased biceps reflex (C5-C6), weak forearm flexion and supination, and loss of sensation over lateral forearm

Question 45

Common injuries to Radial N. (C5-T1)

Answer 45

1) Compression of axilla due to crutches or sleeping w/ arm over chair
2) Midshaft fracture of humerus
3) repetitive pronation/supination of forearm

Question 46

Common presentations of Radial nerve injury

Answer 46

1) Wrist Drop: loss of elbow, wrist, and finger extension
2) Decreased grip strength: wrist extension necessary for max action of flexors
3) Loss of sensation over posterior arm/forearm and dorsal hand

Question 47

Median (C5-T1) Common cause of injury

Answer 47

1) Supracondylar fracture of humerus –> proximal lesion of nerve
2) Carpal tunnel syndrome and wrist laceration –> distal lesion of nerve

Question 48

Common Median N. Injury Presentation

Answer 48

1) Ape Hand
2) Loss of wrist flexion, flexion of lateral fingers, thumb opposition, lumbericals of index and middle fingers
3) Loss of sensation over thenar eminence and dorsal and palmar aspects of lateral 3.5 fingers w/ proximal lesion

Question 49

Ulnar Nerve Common Cause of Injury

Answer 49

1) Fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus (“funny bone”)
- Proximal Lesion
2) Fractured hook of hamate (distal lesion) from fall on outstretched hand

Question 50

Common Ulnar Nerve Injury Presentations

Answer 50

1) Extended fingers at rest (Ulnar Claw)
2) Radial Deviation of wrist upon flexion (proximal lesion)
3) Loss of wrist flexion, flexion of medial fingers, abduction and adduction of fingers (interossei) actions of medial 2 lumbrical muscles
4) Loss of sensation over medial 1.5 fingers including hypothenar eminence