Older Adults Emotional And Social Development Flashcards
Factors for positive affect
Factors for positive affect – Social relationships – Reading and following news – Extroverted personality – Definite beliefs and disbeliefs – Living with other persons
Factors for negative affect:
Factors for negative affect: – Neuroticism – Own major illness – Money problems – Living alone
Eriksons stage for older adults
Erikson’s Integrity versus Despair
–Recognize that they are reaching the end of life.
–Satisfaction in a successful life integrity.
–Feel good they have lived an active, full, complete life
●If so, can have contentment to compensate for decreased physical potency and performance
Peck
Peck’s Psychosocial Tasks of Later Adulthood
–Ego Differentiation Versus Work-Role Preoccupation
●Re-define self-worth
–Body Transcendence Versus Body Preoccupation
●Not succumbing to aches, pains, disabilities
–Ego Transcendence Versus Ego Preoccupation
●Come to terms with mortality
Theories of psychological/
sociological aging
Theories of psychological/
sociological aging
– Disengagement Theory of Aging – Activity Theory of Aging – Role Exit Theory of Aging – Social Exchange Theory of Aging – Modernization Theory
Disengagement Theory of Aging
Disengagement Theory of Aging
●Aging involves a progressive process of physical, psychological, and social WITHDRAWAL from the wider world.
●Allows person to face death peacefully; has already said their goodbyes
Activity Theory of Aging
Activity Theory of Aging
●Activity theorists find that the majority of healthy older persons maintain fairly stable levels of activity as long as possible
●Find substitutes for activities they are forced to give up
Role Exit Theory of Aging
Role Exit Theory of Aging
●Opportunities open to the elderly for remaining socially useful are severely undermined
●Retirement and widowhood terminate their participation in the principal institutional structures of society - the job and the family.
–These losses can be devastating b/c these are core roles
Social Exchange Theory of Aging
Social Exchange Theory of Aging
●People enter into relationships because they derive rewards (also have costs) from doing so.
●As applied to old age, the theory suggests that the elderly find themselves in a situation of increasing vulnerability because of the deterioration in their bargaining position.
Modernization Theory
Modernization Theory
●The status of the aged tends to be high in traditional societies and lower in urbanized, industrialized societies.
–Elder respect
●Why?
The Impact of Personal Control and Choice
The Impact of Personal Control and Choice
●Once in a nursing home, the elderly typically become physically, emotionally, and economically dependent.
–Told when to bathe, what to wear, etc.
●Staff practices too often foster and promote patient dependency.
●Studies show, however, that the elderly should not be deprived of the opportunity to make decisions and choices for themselves.
Faith and Adjustment
to Aging
Faith and Adjustment
to Aging
●Researchers are documenting through empirical studies that there is a healing association between religion and health.
●Religious involvement helps people prevent illness, recover from illness, and live longer.
●Religious institutions provide support and resources.
●Sense of higher power- does it allow people to give up some control and find peace with their own destiny?
Love and Marriage
Love and Marriage
–Greater happiness and satisfaction with their marriage during their later years than at any other time except for the newlywed phase.
–U-shaped curve
–Many say that companionship, respect, and the sharing of common interests improves during later adulthood.
●Children launched vs. strain of retirement?
Singles
Singles
●Tend to have more emotional and physical pathology than the married elderly.
●Death rates are consistently higher among single and socially isolated people.
●Males are particularly vulnerable for being socially isolated, whereas older women typically establish a social support network.
Grandparents and
Grandchildren
Grandparents and
Grandchildren
●Both children and grandparents are better off when they spend a good deal of time in each other’s company.
●Grandparents today are healthier, more active and more educated
●The most common kind of relationship between grandparents and grandchildren is companionate (good pals).
–vs surrogate parenting requires discipline
