Older Adults Flashcards
When do you become a senior/older adult?
65
with rising life expectancies some argue that 65 can no longer be regard
what charts are used to check nutritional status in 60 year olds?
WHO
what charts are used to check nutritional status in 65 year olds?
old age security pension
what charts are used to check nutritional status in 70 year olds?
DRI category
how to determine whether someone is a senior or not?
- chronological age
- biological age
- psychosocial age
- social age
most frequently use chronological
what are the 3 groups of changes that occur with advance aging?
- Cellular homeostatic mechanisms
- Loss of function/reserve of body systems
- Decreased lean body mass`
explain what happens to cellular homeostatic mechanisms with age
body temperature, blood, and extracellular fluid volumes; also see ↑ DNA damage and ↓DNA repair capacity
explain what happens to function/reserve of body systems with age
- See lower mineral,
- muscle, &
- water reserves;
- GI tract: increased transit time,
- decreased blood flow
decrease in lean body mass
- LBM decreases 2-3% from age 20 to 70
Decreased organ, muscular, skeletal mass Decreased total body water Increased % adipose tissue until 60, then declines
Lack of estrogen promotes fat accumulation
mean body weight gradually increases with againg, peaking between __ & __ years
50 & 59
what is lean body mass?
everything that’s not fat - so this component includes your bones, organs, muscles, ligaments, tendons and fluids
what BMI is ok for elderly?
BMI between 20-27
sarcopenia
syndrome characterised by progressive and generalised loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with a risk of adverse outcomes such as physical disability, poor quality of life and death
loss of lean body mass associated with aging
cachexia
fat and muscle wasting due to disease and inflammation
happens to many cancer patients
63% of ____ to ____ year olds have an olfactory impairment
63% of 80 to 90 year olds have an olfactory impairment
often what is percieved as a ____ defect is actually a primary defect
often what is percieved as a taste defect is actually a primary olfactory defect
____ are more likely to retain olfactory abilities
women
____ & ____ affect taste and smell more than aging
Disease & medications
Changes in taste cell membranes, localized deficits on the ______
tongue
Chewing problems associated with tooth loss/dentures, reduced
saliva production
what is the impact on diet from loss of tase?
- appetite suppression
- tend towards wanting higher salt and sugar intake
resulting in weight loss, malnutrition, impaired immunity, and deterioration in medical conditions
The tendency toward higher salt and sugar intake in the elderly diet can aggravate health conditions
Flavour enhancers
enhance, or modify the original taste or aroma of a food but do not have a characteristic taste or aroma of their own. MSG, sodium have been used
- found to increase food intake, immune function, grip strength in older adults, feelings of hunger
reduced appetite is associated with:
- congestive heart failure - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - diabetes - malignancies - GI complaints (e.g. gastric ulcer, bowel obstruction.)
how to manage reduced appetite
- Smaller more frequent meals
- Food preferences
- Liquid dietary supplements b/w meals
- Liberalize diet- treats
- Socialization, music
