Old Notebook

Question 0

Wit

Answer 0

1.

a. The natural ability to perceive and understand; intelligence.
b. often wits Practical intelligence; shrewdness or resourcefulness: living by one’s wits.
c. wits Sound mental faculties; sanity: scared out of my wits.

2.

a. The ability to express oneself intelligently in a playful or humorous manner, often in overturning audience expectations: a writer with a scintillating wit.
b. A person noted for this ability, especially in conversation: “My mother, the family wit and teaser, knew better than to joke about the disaster” (Donald Hall).
c. Intelligent playfulness or humor in expression, as in speech, writing, or art: novels known for their wit and inventiveness.
d. A person of exceptional intelligence.

Idioms:
at (one’s) wits’ end
At the limit of one’s mental resources; utterly at a loss.

Question 1

Credulous

Answer 1

1. Disposed to believe too readily; gullible.
2. arising from or characterized by credulity: credulous beliefs.
   Naive, uncritical, deceivable, unskeptical, unsuspicious, over-trustful

Question 2

Insidious

Answer 2

1. working in a subtle or apparently innocuous way, but nevertheless deadly: an insidious illness; insidious rumors.
2. Intended to entrap; treacherous: insidious misinformation.
3. Beguiling but harmful; alluring: insidious pleasures.
   stealthy, subtle, cunning, treacherous, Machiavellian, sly, crafty, artful, tricky, deceitful, deceptive

Question 3

Pronouncement

Answer 3

1. A formal expression of opinion; a judgment.

2. An authoritative statement.

Question 4

Stout

Answer 4

1. solidly built or corpulent
2. (prenominal) resolute or valiant: stout fellow.
3. strong, substantial, and robust
4. a stout heart courage; resolution

Question 5

Glare

Answer 5

1. To stare fixedly and angrily. See Synonyms at gaze.
2. To shine intensely and blindingly: A hot sun glared down on the desert.
3. To be conspicuous; stand out obtrusively: The headline glared from the page.

Also noun: A sheet or surface of glassy and very slippery ice.

Question 6

Growl

Answer 6

The low, guttural, menacing sound made by an animal: the growl of a dog.

Question 7

Pollard

Answer 7

1. A tree whose top branches have been cut back to the trunk so that it may produce a dense growth of new shoots.
2. An animal, such as an ox, goat, or sheep, that no longer has its horns.

Question 8

Ravenous

Answer 8

1. Extremely hungry or characterized by extreme hunger; voracious: missed lunch and was ravenous by dinnertime.
2. Predatory or ferocious in predation: ravenous lions.
3. Eager for gratification or extremely desirous: “I’m ravenous for news, any kind of news” (Margaret Atwood).

Question 9

Steeple

Answer 9

A tower rising above the roof of a building, especially as a church or temple, and usually surmounted by a spire.

Question 10

Falter

Answer 10

1. To be unsteady in purpose or action, as from loss of courage or confidence; waver: “She never faltered in her resolution to regain her old position” (Louis Auchincloss).
2. To speak hesitatingly; stammer: faltered in reciting the poem.
   3.
   a. To move unsteadily or haltingly; stumble: The racehorse faltered right after the start.
   b. To become weak, ineffective, or unsteady, especially in performance: The economy faltered in the second quarter. His memory began to falter.
   n.
3. Unsteadiness in speech or action: finished the project without falter.
4. A faltering sound: answered with a falter in his voice.

Question 11

Recreation

Answer 11

1. Refreshment of one’s mind or body after work through activity that amuses or stimulates; play.
2. an activity or pastime that promotes this

Question 12

Tentative

Answer 12

1. Not fully worked out, concluded, or agreed on; provisional: tentative plans.
2. Indicating a lack of confidence or certainty; hesitant: tentative steps toward the podium.

Question 13

Implicit

Answer 13

1. not explicit; implied; indirect: there was implicit criticism in his voice. an implicit agreement not to raise the touchy subject.
2. absolute and unreserved; unquestioning: you have implicit trust in him.
3. (followed by: in) contained or inherent: to bring out the anger implicit in the argument. “Frustration is implicit in any attempt to express the deepest self” (Patricia Hampl).

Question 14

Preclude

Answer 14

1. To make impossible, as by action taken in advance; prevent: The police findings preclude any doubt as to his guilt.
2. To exclude or prevent (someone) from a given condition or activity: Modesty precludes me from accepting the honor. The rules of the club preclude women from joining. Owners are precluded from altering the front of the house.

Question 15

Devoid

Answer 15

Completely lacking; destitute or empty; void (of); free (from): a novel devoid of wit and inventiveness.

Question 16

‘Resolute

Reso’lution

Answer 16

Resolute: Firm or determined; unwavering.
Resolution:
1. the act or an instance of resolving
2. the condition or quality of being resolute; firmness or determination
3. something resolved or determined; decision
4. a formal expression of opinion by a meeting, esp one agreed by a vote: The UN resolution condemned the invasion.
5. (Law) a judicial decision on some matter; verdict; judgment
6. the act or process of separating something into its constituent parts or elements
7. (Photography) the ability of a television or film image to reproduce fine detail

Question 17

Ineffable

Answer 17

1. Incapable of being expressed; indescribable or unutterable: ineffable joy.
2. Not to be uttered; taboo: the ineffable name of God.

Question 18

Moot

Answer 18

Adj. 1.

a. Subject to debate; arguable or unsettled: “It is a moot point whether Napoleon Bonaparte was born a subject of the King of France” (Norman Davies).
b. Of no practical importance; irrelevant:

V. 1. bring up (a subject) for discussion or debate.
2. To render (a subject or issue) irrelevant: “The F.C.C.’s ability to regulate the broadcast media rested on the finite nature of the spectrum, and that has been mooted by the infinity of cable” (William Safire). 30 janv. 2004 - Soon after he became FCC Chairman under President Reagan, Michael Fowler stated his desire to do away with the Fairness Doctrine.

N. The discussion or argument of a hypothetical case by law students as an exercise.
Adj. Not presenting an open legal question, as a result of the occurrence of some event definitively resolving the issue, or the absence of a genuine case or controversy.

Question 19

Outlay

Answer 19

1. The spending or disbursement of money: the weekly outlay on groceries.
2. An amount spent; an expenditure: “huge new outlays for the military” (New York Times).

Question 20

Latitude

Answer 20

1.

a. The angular distance north or south of the earth’s equator, measured in degrees along a meridian, as on a map or globe.
b. A region of the earth considered in relation to its distance from the equator: temperate latitudes.
2. Astronomy The angular distance of a celestial body north or south of the ecliptic.

3. scope for freedom of action, thought, etc; freedom from restriction: his parents gave him a great deal of latitude.

Question 21

Stagger

Answer 21

1. (usually intr) to walk or cause to walk unsteadily as if about to fall
2. (tr) to astound or overwhelm, as with shock: I am staggered by his ruthlessness.
3. (tr) to place or arrange in alternating or overlapping positions or time periods to prevent confusion or congestion: a staggered junction; to stagger holidays. Staggered working hours.
4. (intr) to falter or hesitate: his courage staggered in the face of the battle.

But the Scottish National Party, despite losing a referendum on independence last year, looks set to wipe out Labour’s support – a scenario that would represent one of British politics’ most staggering political realignments in decades.

Question 22

Treatise

Answer 22

a formal work on a subject, esp one that deals systematically with its principles and conclusions

Question 23

Statute

Answer 23

1. A law enacted by a legislature.
2. A decree or edict, as of a ruler.
   Adj. Statutory rights.

Question 24

Persecute

Prosecute

Answer 24

Persecute:

1. To oppress or harass with ill-treatment, especially because of race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or beliefs: the persecution of minorities
2. To annoy persistently; bother: persecuted the babysitter with foolish questions.

Prosecute:
1. Law
a. To initiate or conduct a criminal case against: prosecute a defendant for murder.
b. To initiate or conduct (a civil case or legal action): prosecute a lawsuit for libel.
c. To initiate or conduct legal proceedings regarding (an offense, for example): prosecute drug possession.
2.
a. To pursue (an undertaking, for example) until completion; continue to the very end: prosecute a war.
b. To carry on, engage in, or practice (an occupation or business).

Question 25

dissolve

dɪˈzɒlv

Answer 25

1. (Chemistry) to go or cause to go into solution: salt dissolves in water; water dissolves sugar.
2. to become or cause to become liquid; melt
3. to disintegrate or disperse
4. to come or bring to an end
5. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) to dismiss (a meeting, parliament, etc) or (of a meeting, etc) to be dismissed
6. to collapse or cause to collapse emotionally: to dissolve into tears.

Question 26

Solvent

Answer 26

1. Capable of meeting financial obligations.

2. Chemistry Capable of dissolving another substance.

Question 27

Emeritus

Answer 27

Retired but retaining an honorary title corresponding to that held immediately before retirement: a professor emeritus.

Question 28

Contiguous

Answer 28

1. Sharing an edge or boundary; touching.
2. Neighboring; adjacent.
   3.
   a. Connecting without a break: the 48 contiguous states.
   Stanford University is the largest contiguous campus in America (8180 acres).
   b. Connected in time; uninterrupted: served two contiguous terms in office.

Question 29

Embark
Disembark
(dis)embarkation

Answer 29

1. to board a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle, as for a journey: stopped to embark passengers. several passengers disembarked.
2. (intr; usually foll by on or upon) to commence or engage (in) a new project, venture, etc: to embark on a business venture; embark on a world tour.

Disembark
3. (tr) to remove or unload (cargo or passengers) from a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle: we will disembark the passengers.

Question 30

Tepid

Answer 30

1. moderately warm; lukewarm: tepid water.
2. characterized by a lack of force or enthusiasm: the play had a tepid reception.
   “the tepid conservatism of the fifties” (Irving Howe).

Question 31

Drove

Answer 31

1.

a. A flock or herd being driven in a body.
b. often droves A large mass of people moving or acting as a body: people moving through the streets in droves.

Binyamin Netanyahu: 'Arab voters are heading to the polling stations in droves'
Gerald Ford (1976): "Congress is hiring people by the droves."

Question 32

Stringent

Answer 32

1. Imposing rigorous standards of performance; severe: stringent safety measures.
2. Constricted; tight; compelling; urgent: stringent necessity. operating under a stringent time limit.
3. Characterized by scarcity of money, credit restrictions, or other financial strain: stringent economic policies. stringent money market.
4. convincing; forcible: stringent arguments.

Question 33

Retention

Answer 33

1. The act of retaining or the condition of being retained: the retention of nutrients in the soil; the retention of jobs in the city.
2. The practice of requiring a student to repeat a class or a year of school because of insufficient educational progress to advance.
3. The ability to recall or recognize what has been learned or experienced; memory.
4. The inability of a person or animal to eliminate a bodily waste.

Question 34

Apocrypha

Apocryphal

Answer 34

Apocrypha

1. (With capital) a group of books not found in Jewish or Protestant versions of the Old Testament but included in the Septuagint and accepted in Roman Catholic and Orthodox editions of the Bible.
2. apocrypha: Writings or statements of questionable authorship or authenticity.

apocryphal
erroneous; fictitious; untrue; counterfeit; false; spurious: “Wildly apocryphal rumors about starvation in Petrograd … raced through Russia’s trenches” (W. Bruce Lincoln).

Question 35

Perpetual

Perpetuate

Answer 35

Perpetual

1. Lasting forever; never-ending: conceived heaven as a state of perpetual bliss.
2. Continuing or being so for an indefinitely long time: found themselves in perpetual debt; felt like a perpetual outsider. your perpetual complaints. a perpetual stream of visitors.
3. Flowering throughout the growing season; (of a crop plant) continually producing edible parts: perpetual spinach

Perpetuate

1. To cause to continue or prevail indefinitely; make perpetual; preserve from extinction or oblivion: to perpetuate misconceptions.
2. To prolong the existence of; cause to be remembered: The new library will perpetuate its founder’s great love of learning.

Question 36

Trinket

Answer 36

1. a small or worthless ornament or piece of jewellery

2. a trivial object; trifle

Question 37

Mortician

Answer 37

Undertaker

Funeral director

Question 38

Exempt

Exemption

Answer 38

Freed from an obligation, duty, or liability to which others are subject; excused: persons exempt from jury duty; income exempt from taxation; tax-exempt bonus; a beauty somehow exempt from the aging process.
exempting the disabled from military service.
to exempt a student from an examination.

Question 39

Grandfather Clause

Answer 39

1. A provision in a statute that exempts an activity or item from new regulations that would otherwise prevent engagement in that activity or use of that item.
2. (history US) a clause in the constitutions of several Southern states that waived electoral literacy requirements for lineal descendants of people allowed to vote prior to the Civil War (before 1867), thus ensuring the franchise for illiterate White people meaning that such restrictions disfranchised many African Americans while not applying to many whites; declared unconstitutional in 1915.

Question 40

Bequest

Bequeath

Answer 40

Bequest

1. (Law) The act of giving or leaving personal property by a will.
2. Something that is bequeathed; a legacy.

Bequeath

1. (Law) To leave or give (personal property) by will.
2. To pass (something) on to another, as to following generations; hand down: bequeathed to their children a respect for hard work.

Question 41

Longevity

Answer 41

1. long life: His longevity vexed his heirs; comparing the longevity of men and women. a family known for longevity.
2. relatively long duration of employment, service, etc: had unusual longevity in the company; her longevity as a star; promotions based on longevity.

Question 42

Pervade

Pervasive

Answer 42

Pervade
To be present throughout; permeate: The sweet scent of gardenias pervaded the house. A sense of fear and mistrust pervades the novel.

to spread through or throughout, esp subtly or gradually; permeate: Spring pervaded the air.

Pervasive
Having the quality or tendency to pervade or permeate: the pervasive odor of garlic.

Question 43

Residue

/ˈrɛzɪˌdjuː/

Answer 43

The remainder of something after removal of parts or a part.

Question 44

Ubiquitous

Answer 44

Being or seeming to be everywhere at the same time; omnipresent.

Question 45

Increment

Answer 45

1. an increase or addition, esp one of a series of regular additions or contributions: accumulating a fund by increments.
   force swelled by increments from allied armies
   deposits in increments of $500.
2. the act of increasing; augmentation
3. (Mathematics) maths a small positive or negative change in a variable or function. Symbol: Δ, as in Δx or Δf

Question 46

Deduce
Deduct
Deduction

Answer 46

Deduction

1. The act of deducting; subtraction.
2. An amount that is or may be deducted: tax deductions.
3. The drawing of a conclusion by reasoning; the act of deducing.

Question 47

Appeal

Answer 47

1. An earnest or urgent request, entreaty, or supplication: an appeal for help. appealed to the alumni for funds.
2. A resort to a higher authority or greater power, as for sanction, corroboration, or a decision: an appeal to reason; an appeal to her listener’s sympathy.
3. (Law)
   a. A higher court’s review of the correctness of a decision by a lower court.
   b. A case so reviewed.
   c. A request for a higher court to review the decision of a lower court.
4. The power of attracting or of arousing interest: a city with special appeal for museumgoers. a dress with appeal. The game has lost its appeal. The red hat appeals to me.

Question 48

Bona fide

Answer 48

1. real or genuine; authentic: a bona fide manuscript. a bona fide Rembrandt.
2. undertaken in good faith without deception or fraud; sincere: a bona fide offer. a bona fide agreement.

Question 49

Conceive

Answer 49

v. tr.
1. To become pregnant with (offspring): She conceived her first child in London, but her second child was conceived in Paris.
2. To form or develop in the mind: conceive a plan to increase profits; conceive a passion for a new acquaintance. She conceived a passion for music. He conceived the project while on vacation.
3. To apprehend mentally; understand: couldn’t conceive the meaning of that sentence.
4. To be of the opinion that; think; believe: didn’t conceive that such a tragedy could occur. I can’t conceive that it would be of any use.
5. to form a notion or idea of; imagine: Would you ever have conceived such behavior in public?
6. To begin or originate in a specific way: a political movement that was conceived in the ferment of the 1960s. a new nation conceived in liberty.
v. intr.
1. To form or hold an idea: Ancient peoples conceived of the earth as flat.
2. To become pregnant.

Question 50

Vertex

Answer 50

1. The highest point; the apex or summit: the vertex of a mountain.
2. Anatomy
   a. The highest point of the skull.
   b. The top of the head.
3. In astrology, the highest point reached in the apparent motion of a celestial body.
4. Mathematics
   a. The point at which the sides of an angle intersect.
   b. The point on a triangle or pyramid opposite to and farthest away from its base.
   c. A point on a polyhedron common to three or more sides.
   d. A point of maximal curvature on a parabola or hyperbola.

Question 51

Angle /ˈæŋɡəl/
Angel /ˈeɪndʒəl/
Angelic /ænˈdʒɛlɪk/
Engel Curve

Answer 51

The Engel curve is a graph of the demand for one of the goods as a function of income, with all prices being held constant.

Question 52

Commute

Answer 52

1. (intr) to travel some distance regularly between one’s home and one’s place of work
2. (tr) to substitute; exchange

Question 53

Onerous

Answer 53

1. burdensome, oppressive, or troublesome: onerous duties.
2. having or involving obligations or responsibilities, esp. legal ones, that outweigh the advantages: an onerous agreement.

Question 54

Nuisance

/ˈnjuːsəns/

Answer 54

1. One that is inconvenient, annoying, or vexatious; a bother: Having to stand in line was a nuisance. The disruptive child was a nuisance to the class. nuisance calls.
2. (Law) something unauthorized that is obnoxious or injurious to the community at large (public nuisance) or to an individual, esp in relation to his ownership or occupation of property (private nuisance)

Question 55

Vent
Ventilate
Ventilation

Answer 55

Ventilate
to provide (a room, mine, etc.) with fresh air in place of air that has been used or contaminated.
Vent
1. Forceful expression or release of pent-up thoughts or feelings: give vent to one’s anger.
2. An opening permitting the escape of fumes, a liquid, a gas, or steam.
Vent (v.)
Sorry to go on like that, but I just had to vent.
he vents his anger on his wife.

Question 56

Osmosis

Answer 56

1. the tendency of a fluid, usu. water, to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a solution where the solvent concentration is higher, thus equalizing the concentrations of materials on either side of the membrane.
2. gradual or unconscious assimilation or adoption, as of ideas: learned French by osmosis while residing in Paris for 15 years.

Question 57

Formidable

Answer 57

1. Arousing fear, dread, or alarm: the formidable prospect of major surgery.
2. Inspiring awe, admiration, or wonder: “A woman of formidable intelligence and tenacity, [she] prides herself on being independent-minded” (Nan Levinson).
3. Difficult to undertake, surmount, or defeat: a formidable challenge; a formidable opponent. a formidable problem.

Question 58

Incidence
Incident
Incidental
Incidentally

Answer 58

Incidence
The rate or extent of occurrence or effect: a high incidence of malaria in the tropics. a high incidence of death from pneumonia.

Incident

1. a distinct or definite occurrence; event
2. a minor, subsidiary, or related event or action
3. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) a relatively insignificant event that might have serious consequences, esp in international politics
4. (Law) a public disturbance: the police had reports of an incident outside a pub.

Incidental

1. happening in connection with or resulting from something more important; casual or fortuitous
2. (foll by: to) found in connection (with); related (to)
3. (foll by: upon) caused (by)
4. occasional or minor: incidental expenses.

Incidentally

1. As a minor or subordinate matter: by profession a lawyer and incidentally a musician.
2. (sentence modifier) apart or aside from the main subject; parenthetically; by the way.

Question 59

Fugitive

Answer 59

A person who flees, especially from a legal process, persecution, or danger.

Question 60

Impregnable

Answer 60

1. Impossible to capture or enter by force: an impregnable fortress.
2. Difficult or impossible to attack, challenge, or refute with success: an impregnable argument.

Question 61

Discus

Answer 61

a. A disk, typically wooden, plastic, or rubber with a metal rim, that is thrown for distance in athletic competitions.
b. A track-and-field event in which a discus is thrown.

Question 62

Javelin

Answer 62

1. (Athletics (Track & Field)) a long pointed spear thrown as a weapon or in competitive field events
2. (Athletics (Track & Field)) the javelin the event or sport of throwing the javelin

Question 63

Aspire

Answer 63

1. To have a great ambition or ultimate goal; desire strongly: aspired to be a poet. to aspire to be a great leader.
2. To strive toward an end or condition: aspiring to great knowledge. to aspire after fame

Question 64

Impudent

Impudence

Answer 64

Impudent

Offensively bold or disrespectful; insolent or impertinent.

Question 65

Commend

Answer 65

1. To express approval of; praise: commended the volunteers for their hard work.
   2.
   a. To represent as worthy, qualified, or desirable; recommend: I commend her book to you.
   b. To cause to be worthy of recommendation: There is much about her book to commend it.
2. To commit to the care of another; entrust: commended the orphans to the care of a guardian.

Question 66

Vagabond

Answer 66

A person who moves from place to place without a permanent home and often without a regular means of support.

Question 67

Viper

Answer 67

افعی

Question 68

Vain

Vanity

Answer 68

Vain

1. Not yielding the desired outcome; fruitless: a vain attempt. Our labor was in vain.
2. Lacking substance or worth: vain talk.
3. Having or showing excessive pride in one’s appearance or accomplishments; conceited.

Question 69

Revamp
Vamp
Revampment

Answer 69

Revamp

1. To patch up or restore; renovate.
2. To revise or reconstruct (a manuscript, for example).
3. To vamp (a shoe) anew.

Vamp (n.)
The upper part of a boot or shoe covering the instep and sometimes extending over the toe.

Vamp (v.)

1. To provide (a shoe) with a new vamp.
2. To patch up (something old); refurbish.
3. To put together; fabricate or improvise: With no hard news available about the summit meeting, the reporters vamped up questions based only on rumor.

Question 70

Delineate

Answer 70

1.
a. To draw or depict: “In black and white wash, he delineated the gnarled roots of a tree” (Sally Holmes Holtze).
b. To characterize in words esp with detail and precision; describe: “the specter of the bored and isolated housewife, which Friedan delineated so brilliantly” (Mary V. Dearborn).
2.
a. To mark, form, or show the outline or border of: The police delineated the crime scene with yellow tape. A hedge delineates one plot of land from the other.
b. To establish the position of (a border): The treaty delineates the border between Spanish and American territory.
c. To show or contain a distinguishing characteristic of; distinguish: “The first game … delineated the differences between the two teams” (Stuart Miller).

Question 71

Novice

Answer 71

1. A person new to a field or activity; a beginner: novice driver.
2. A person who has entered a religious order but has not yet taken final vows. Also called novitiate: novitiates in the convent.

Question 72

Thorn

Thorny

Answer 72

Thorn (botany), a sharp structure on plants
Thorny
1. Having many thorns or abounding in thorn-covered vegetation: thorny shrubs; a thorny landscape.
2. Spiny or prickly.
3. Controversial, problematic, or vexatious: avoided discussing thorny issues during the meeting.
4. painful; vexatious: a thorny predicament.

Question 73

Gratuity

Gratuitous

Answer 73

Gratuity

1. (Commerce) a gift or reward, usually of money, for services rendered; tip
2. something given without claim or obligation
3. (Military) military a financial award granted for long or meritorious service

Gratuitous

1. Given or granted without return or recompense; unearned.
2. Given or received without cost or obligation; free: a gratuitous agreement.
3. Unnecessary or unwarranted; without cause; unjustified: gratuitous criticism. a gratuitous insult.

Question 74

Detract

Detractor

Answer 74

v.tr.
To draw or take away; divert: They could detract little from so solid an argument. to detract attention from a problem.
v.intr.
To reduce the value, importance, or quality of something. Often used with from: testimony that only detracts from the strength of the plaintiff’s case.
her anger detracts from her beauty.

detractor - one who disparages or belittles the worth of something
depreciator, disparager, knocker
cynic, faultfinder - someone who is critical of the motives of others
Grayson detractors believe once progressives are more familiar with his personal issues, they’ll question their support for his policies.

Question 75

Dubious

Answer 75

1. Fraught with uncertainty or doubt; undecided. a dubious reply.
2. Arousing doubt; doubtful: a dubious distinction.
3. Of questionable character: dubious profits. a dubious reputation. a dubious compliment

Question 76

Foist

Answer 76

1. To pass off (esp an inferior article) as genuine, valuable, or worthy: “I can usually tell whether a poet … is foisting off on us what he’d like to think is pure invention” (J.D. Salinger).
   to foist inferior goods on a customer.
2. To impose (something or someone unwanted) upon another by coercion or trickery: They had extra work foisted on them because they couldn’t say no to the boss.
3. To insert fraudulently or deceitfully: foisted unfair provisions into the contract.

Question 77

Sieve

Sift

Answer 77

Sieve
A utensil of wire mesh or closely perforated metal or plastic, used for straining, sifting, ricing, or puréeing.

Sift
V. Tr.
1. To put (flour, for example) through a sieve in order to separate the fine from the coarse particles.
2. To distinguish as if separating with a sieve: sifted the candidates for the job.
3. To apply by scattering through a sieve: sift sugar on a dessert.
4. To examine and sort carefully: sift the evidence.
v.intr.
1. To make use of a sieve.
2. To pass through a sieve: a meal that sifts easily.
3. To make a careful examination: sifted through back issues of the magazine.

“Headhunters do not add value administratively or in a mechanistic recruitment sense. They add value with knowledge of the market, creative suggestions or an alternative view of individuals who are demonstrably able to deliver the results you want, or they may be aware of suitable individuals who have legitimate reasons for moving to another employer. Headhunters are searching not sifting.” Steve Smith

Question 78

Amicable

Answer 78

Characterized by or exhibiting friendliness or goodwill; friendly; peaceable: an amicable agreement.

Question 79

Scruple

Answer 79

An uneasy feeling arising from conscience or principle that tends to hinder action: “He would have taken any life with as little scruple as he took my money” (Charles Dickens)

Question 80

Heed

Answer 80

close and careful attention; notice (often in the phrases give, pay, or take heed)

Question 81

Statesman

Answer 81

1. A man who is a leader in national or international affairs.
2. A male political leader regarded as a disinterested promoter of the public good; a political leader whose wisdom, integrity, etc, win great respect

Question 82

Scrupulous

Answer 82

1. rigorously precise or exact; Conscientious; painstaking; meticulous: scrupulous adherence to duty.
2. having scruples; principled; characterized by careful observation of what is morally right.

Question 83

Prominent

Prominence

Answer 83

1. Projecting outward or upward from a line or surface; protuberant: prominent eyebrows.
2. Immediately noticeable; conspicuous: a product with a prominent place in the store.
3. Widely known; eminent: a prominent poet.
   I encourage students to learn how to use and compare a set of prominent models.
   He hired the most prominent architect of the time.

Question 84

Dichotomy

Answer 84

1. A division into two contrasting things or parts: “the dichotomy of the one and the many” (Louis Auchincloss). the dichotomy between eastern and western cultures. the dichotomy of married and single people.
2. Astronomy The phase of the moon, Mercury, or Venus when half of the disk is illuminated.
3. Botany Branching characterized by successive forking into two approximately equal divisions.

Question 85

Condone

Answer 85

To overlook, forgive, or disregard (an offense) without protest or censure.
2. (Law) (esp of a spouse) to pardon or overlook (an offence, usually adultery)

Question 86

Conducive

Answer 86

Tending to cause or bring something about; contributive: working conditions not conducive to productivity. eating habits conducive to good health.

Question 87

Confide

Answer 87

v.tr.
1. To tell (something) in confidence: confided a secret to his friend.
2. To give as a responsibility or put into another’s care; to entrust to the charge or knowledge of another: confided the task of drafting the report to her assistant.
v.intr.
To disclose private matters in confidence: He knew he could confide in his parents.

Question 88

Gratify

Gratification

Answer 88

Gratify

1. To please or satisfy: My good grades gratify my parents. Her praise gratified us all.
2. To give in to (a desire); indulge: He gratified his curiosity by going to the exhibit. to gratify one’s appetites.

Question 89

Incumbent

Answer 89

1. Imposed as an obligation or duty; obligatory: felt it was incumbent on us all to help. It is incumbent on me to attend. a duty incumbent upon me.
   It will be incumbent upon the United States to provide its gulf allies with continued assurance that Washington has their back.
2. Lying, leaning, or resting on something else: incumbent rock strata.
3. Currently holding a specified office: the incumbent mayor/president. The incumbent was reelected to another term.

Question 90

Specter

Answer 90

1. A ghostly apparition; a phantom.

2. A haunting or disturbing image or prospect: the terrible specter of nuclear war.

Question 91

Adroit

Answer 91

Quick and skillful in body or mind; deft; dexterous.

Rubio is adroit enough that he could tone down his bellicosity in order to mount an effective attack against Obama’s foreign policy, as embodied in Clinton’s tenure as Secretary of State.

Question 92

Elicit

Answer 92

To call forth, draw out, or provoke (a response or reaction, for example): “Interrogators were reportedly frustrated by their inability to elicit useful information from him” (Jane Mayer)
2. to bring to light: to elicit the truth.

Question 93

Prose

Prosaic

Answer 93

Prose

1. the ordinary form of spoken or written language, without metrical structure, as distinguished from poetry or verse.
2. matter-of-fact, commonplace, or dull expression, quality, discourse, etc.

Prosaic

1. commonplace or dull; matter-of-fact; unimaginative; Lacking in imagination and spirit: a prosaic mind
2. of or like prose rather than poetry.

Question 94

Defile

Answer 94

1. To make filthy or dirty; pollute: defile a river with sewage. Streets defiled by filth.
2. To debase the pureness or excellence of; corrupt: a country landscape that was defiled by urban sprawl. Defile young minds.
3. To profane or sully (a reputation, for example).
4. To make unclean or unfit for ceremonial use; desecrate: defile a temple. Defile the altar.
5. To have sexual intercourse with (a woman who is a virgin): defile young girls.

Question 95

Succumb

Answer 95

1. To submit to an overpowering force or yield to an overwhelming desire; give up or give in.
2. To die, especially from a disease or injury.

Question 96

Immense
Immensity
Immensely

Answer 96

1. vast; immeasurable: an immense territory. an immense cloud.
2. splendid; excellent.
3. Of great scope or consequence: immense difficulty
   The immensity of the universe.
   Immensely enjoyable.
   Complexity has extended itself on immense horizons.

Question 97

Leap

Leap year/ leap day

Answer 97

Leap year
1. A year in the Gregorian calendar having 366 days, with the extra day, February 29, intercalated to compensate for the quarter-day difference between an ordinary year and the astronomical year.
(occurring in years whose last two digits are evenly divisible by four, except for centenary years not divisible by 400.)
2. An intercalary year in a calendar

leap day= February 29= intercalary day

Leap

1. (intr) to jump suddenly from one place to another: always leaping to conclusions. leaped at the opportunity to travel. leapt into the project with both feet. (=very eagerly)
2. (often foll by: at) to move or react quickly: leaped out of his chair to answer the door.
3. (tr) to jump over: The goat leaped over the wall. The salmon leapt across the barrier.
4. to come into prominence rapidly: the thought leapt into his mind.
5. (Horse Training, Riding & Manège) (tr) to cause (an animal, esp a horse) to jump a barrier: She leapt her horse over the hurdle.

n.
2. An abrupt or precipitous passage, shift, or transition: a leap from rags to riches.

Question 98

Advocate

Advocacy

Answer 98

1. to support or urge by argument; recommend publicly: to advocate higher salaries for teachers. advocate a vegan diet. advocated for more stringent crime laws.
   n.
2. a person who speaks or writes in support of a cause, person, etc. (usu. fol. by of): an advocate of military intervention. an advocate of civil rights.
3. a person who pleads for or in behalf of another; intercessor: advocates for abused children and spouses.
4. a person who pleads the cause of another in a court of law; a lawyer; attorney

Question 99

Consonant

Consonance

Answer 99

1. (Grammar) a speech sound or letter of the alphabet other than a vowel; a stop, fricative, or continuant
   adj
2. (postpositive; foll by with or to) consistent; in agreement; in accord: behavior consonant with his character. remarks consonant with our own beliefs.
3. harmonious in tone or sound

Question 100

Impede

Impediment

Answer 100

to restrict or retard in action, progress, etc; hinder; obstruct

Question 101

Thwart

Answer 101

1. to oppose successfully; prevent from accomplishing a purpose
2. to frustrate or baffle (a plan, purpose, etc.).
   they thwarted the plan.
   They thwarted her plans.
   She was thwarted in her attempt to gain control.
   A variety of structural impediments thwart the feedback process.

Question 102

Doff

Answer 102

1. To take off; remove: doff one’s clothes.
2. To tip or remove (one’s hat) in salutation.
3. To put aside; discard.

Question 103

Trample

Answer 103

v. tr.
1. To beat down with the feet so as to crush, bruise, or destroy; tramp on.
2. To treat harshly or ruthlessly: would trample anyone who got in their way.
v. intr.
1. To tread heavily or destructively: trampling on the flowers.
2. To inflict injury as if by treading heavily: “trampling on the feelings of those about you” (Thornton Wilder).

Question 104

Plop

Answer 104

v.intr.
1. To fall with a sound like that of an object falling into water without splashing: the stone plopped into the water. The frog plopped back into the water.
2. To let the body drop heavily: Exhausted, I plopped into the armchair.
v.tr.
To drop or set heavily: plopped the child into the stroller.

Question 105

Blithe

Blithely

Answer 105

1. Carefree and lighthearted.
2. Lacking or showing a lack of due concern; heedless; casual: spoke with blithe ignorance of the true situation. a blithe disregard for someone’s feelings.
   In Victorian days, philosophers and economists talked blithely of “utility” as an indicator of a person’s overall well-being. Utility was thought of as a numeric measure of a person’s happiness.
   In his blithe self-confidence, Kennedy utterly miscalculated the effect that his military build-up and zest for geopolitical competition would produce on the Soviet Union.

Question 106

Utility

Answer 106

1. the state or quality of being useful; usefulness: “I have always doubted the utility of these conferences on disarmament” (Winston S. Churchill).
2. something useful; a useful thing.
3. a public service, as the providing of electricity, gas, water, a telephone system, or bus and railroad lines.

public utility
A private business organization, subject to governmental regulation, that provides an essential commodity or service, such as water, electricity, transportation, or communication, to the public. Also called (US): public-service corporation

Adj.
capable of serving in any of various capacities: a utility player on a baseball team. a utility knife. a utility cast member. A utility vehicle

Question 107

Provision

Provisional

Answer 107

Provisional
Provided or serving only for the time being; temporary: a provisional government; a provisional driving license (used while learning how to drive); fire department provisionals (before having taken an examination qualifying the person for permanent employment); a provisional decision (subject to later alteration)

Provision
1.
a. The act of providing or supplying something: the provision of health care; the provision of rations.
b. The act of making preparations for a possible or future event or situation: The provision for retirement requires planning. The housing policy makes no provisions for single people.
2.
a. Something provided: A fire escape is an important provision in a building.
b. provisions Necessary supplies, such as food and clothing, as for a journey.
3. A preparatory action or measure: We must make provisions for riding out the storm.
4. A particular requirement in a law, rule, agreement, or document: the constitutional provision concerned with due process. Under the provisions of his will his children inherit all his estate.

Question 108

Proviso

Answer 108

n. pl. pro·vi·sos or pro·vi·soes

A clause in a document imposing a qualification, condition, or restriction.

Question 109

Convent
Conventual
Conventical

Answer 109

(Ecclesiastical Terms)

Convent

1. A community, especially of nuns, bound by vows to a religious life under a superior; nunnery; motherhouse
2. The building or buildings occupied by such a community.
3. (Education) Also called convent school: a school in which the teachers are nuns

Conventual
Adj.
1. of, belonging to, or characteristic of a convent.
n.
2. a member of a convent or monastery.

Conventical
Of or from, or pertaining to, a convent.
Conventical prior

Prior

1. (Roman Catholic Church) the superior of a house and community in certain religious orders
2. (Roman Catholic Church) the deputy head of a monastery or abbey, ranking immediately below the abbot

Question 110

Monastery

Monastic

Answer 110

Monastery

1. A community of persons, especially monks, bound by vows to a religious life and often living in partial or complete seclusion.
2. The dwelling place of such a community.

Monastic

1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of a monastery. Used often of monks and nuns.
2. Resembling life in a monastery in style, structure, or manner, especially:
   a. Secluded and contemplative.
   b. Strictly disciplined or regimented.
   c. Self-abnegating; austere.

Question 111

Postulate

Answer 111

V.
To assume or assert the truth, reality, or necessity of, especially as a basis of an argument

N.
A principle that is accepted as true without proof; an axiom.

Question 112

Clutter

Answer 112

n.

1. A confused or disordered state or collection; a jumble: sorted through the clutter in the attic.
2. A confused noise; a clatter.
   v. tr.
3. To fill or spread over in a disorderly manner: Boxes cluttered the garage.
4. To make disorderly or hard to use by filling or covering with objects: I cluttered up my desk with old memos.

Question 113

Rebate

Answer 113

n.
A deduction from an amount to be paid or a return of part of an amount given in payment.
tr.v. (rē′bāt′, rĭ-bāt′) re·bat·ed, re·bat·ing, re·bates
1. To deduct or return (an amount) from a payment or bill.
2. To lessen; diminish.

Question 114

Endow

Endowment

Answer 114

1. To provide with property, income, or a source of income; bequeath a source of permanent income, as by a donation: to endow a college
   2.
   a. To equip or supply with a talent or quality: Nature endowed you with a beautiful singing voice.
   b. To imagine as having a usually favorable trait or quality: endowed the family pet with human intelligence.

Endowment

1. The act of endowing.
2. Funds or property donated to an institution, individual, or group as a source of income.
3. A natural gift, ability, or quality.

Question 115

Ponder

Answer 115

(when intr, sometimes foll by on or over) to give thorough or deep consideration (to); meditate (upon)
The teacher gave us a question to ponder over before the next class.
to ponder one’s next move.

Question 116

Husband

Husbandry

Answer 116

Husband (v.)
To use sparingly or economically; conserve: husband one’s energy.

Husbandry
1.
a. The act or practice of cultivating crops and breeding and raising livestock; agriculture.
b. The application of scientific principles to agriculture, especially to animal breeding.
2. Careful management or conservation of resources; economy.

Question 117

Defray

Answer 117

To undertake the payment of (costs or expenses); pay: the grant helped defray some of the expenses of the seminar.

Question 118

De’fer

‘Deference

Answer 118

Defer

1. to postpone; delay.
2. to exempt temporarily from induction into military service.

Defer/Deference

1. to yield respectfully in judgment or opinion; To submit to the wish or decision of another, as in recognition of authority: I defer to your superior knowledge.
   v. t.
2. to submit for decision; refer; entrust: The principal deferred the decision to the school board.

Fear from Iran has led the of the members of the Gulf Cooperation Council to show less deference to the United States.

What do you do with the Windsor case where the court stressed the Federal government’s historic deference to States when it comes to matters of domestic relations?

Question 119

Bland

Answer 119

1. devoid of any distinctive or stimulating characteristics; uninteresting; dull: bland food.
2. gentle and agreeable; suave: a bland, affable manner.
3. (of the weather) mild and soothing
4. unemotional or unmoved: a bland account of atrocities. a bland confession.

Question 120

Fruition

Answer 120

1. the attainment or realization of something worked for or desired; fulfilment; accomplishment: After months of hard work, our efforts were finally coming to fruition. to bring an idea to fruition.
2. enjoyment of this
3. the act or condition of bearing fruit

“The TPP is vital for the fruition of Obama’s signature Asia rebalancing policy. It is particularly key to framing a global set of trading rules that rising China would eventually have little choice but to follow, Obama aides said.”CNN

Question 121

Timber

Answer 121

1. (Forestry)
   a. wood, esp when regarded as a construction material. Usual US and Canadian word: lumber
   b. (as modifier): a timber cottage.
2. (Forestry)
   a. trees collectively
   b. US woodland
3. (Building) a piece of wood used in a structure: A timber fell from the roof.
4. (Nautical Terms) nautical a frame in a wooden vessel
5. potential material, for a post, rank, etc: he is managerial timber. He’s presidential timber.

Question 122

Lumbar

Lumber

Answer 122

Lumbar
(Anatomy) of, near, or relating to the part of the body between the lowest ribs and the hipbones
Located at or near the part of the back lying between the lowest ribs and the hips: lumbar vertebrae; the lumbar spine.

Lumber1

1. Timber sawed into boards, planks, or other structural members of standard or specified length.
2. Something useless or cumbersome.

Lumber2

1. To walk or move clumsily or heavily; blunder.
2. To move with a rumbling noise.

Question 123

Blockade

/blɒˈkeɪd/

Answer 123

the closing off of a port, city, etc., by hostile ships or troops to prevent entrance or exit.

Question 124

Profiteer

Answer 124

a person who makes excessive profits, esp by charging exorbitant prices for goods in short supply

Question 125

Mitigate

Answer 125

To make less severe or intense; moderate or alleviate: to mitigate the harshness of a punishment
Because of the mitigating circumstances (=that made the crime seem less bad) the judge gave her a lighter sentence.

Question 126

Laureate

Answer 126

One honored or awarded a prize for great achievements especially in the arts or sciences: a Nobel laureate.

Question 127

Allude

Allusion

Answer 127

to refer indirectly, briefly, or implicitly; hint at: The candidate alluded to the recent war by saying, “We’ve all made sacrifices.”
to allude to one’s childhood.
Without naming names, the candidate criticized the national leaders by allusion.
an allusion to classical mythology in a poem.
an allusion to Shakespeare.

Question 128

Avert

Answer 128

1. To turn away: avert one’s eyes. to avert one’s gaze.

2. To keep from happening; prevent: averted an accident by turning sharply. to avert danger.

Question 129

Averse

Answer 129

Averse (adj.)
Having a feeling of opposition, distaste, or aversion; strongly disinclined: investors who are averse to taking risks.

Aversion (n.)

1. a strong feeling of dislike, repugnance, or antipathy toward something and a desire to avoid it: an aversion to snakes. formed an aversion to crowds.
2. a cause or object of such a feeling: “I jumped up, and ran out of the room … because a newspaper writer is my aversion” (Fanny Kemble).
3. Obs. the act of turning away or preventing: the aversion of a disaster.

Question 130

Egregious

Answer 130

extraordinary in some bad way; conspicuously and outrageously bad or reprehensible; glaring; flagrant: an egregious mistake; an egregious liar.

Question 131

Con’stituent

Answer 131

Adj.
1. Serving as part of a whole; component: a constituent element. the constituent parts of a motor.
2. Empowered to elect or designate.
3. Authorized to make or amend a constitution or to constitute a government (esp in the phrases constituent assembly, constituent power)
n.
1. A constituent part; a component; element.
2. A resident of a district or member of a group represented by an elected official.
3. One that authorizes another to act as a representative; a client.

“His basic principle being that the crowd is always benighted, Le Bon makes it apply with remarkable consistency, regardless of the constituents of the crowd and of their characteristics as individuals” (Hirschman).

Question 132

Con’stituency

Answer 132

the whole body of voters who elect one representative to a legislature or all the residents represented by one deputy

Question 133

Grotesque

Answer 133

1. odd or unnatural in shape, appearance, or character; fantastically ugly or absurd; bizarre: a grotesque reflection in the mirror. a grotesque turn of phrase.
2. fantastic in the shaping and combination of forms, as in decorative work combining incongruous human and animal figures with scrolls, foliage, etc.

Question 134

Disdain

Disdainful

Answer 134

adj.

1. To regard or treat with haughty contempt: critics who disdained the writer as a hack.
2. To consider or reject (doing something) as beneath oneself: disdained receiving an award from the organization; disdained to attend the ceremony. to disdain replying to an insult.

“The consciousness of good intentions disdains ambiguity.” Federalist No.1.

n.
a feeling or show of superiority and dislike; contempt; scorn

Question 135

Vociferous

Answer 135

Making, given to, or marked by noisy and vehement outcry; clamorous: vociferous protests. a vociferous mob.

Question 136

Premise

/ˈprɛm ɪs/ n.

Answer 136

a statement that is assumed to be true for the purpose of an argument from which a conclusion is drawn

Premises
Land, the buildings on it, or both the land and the buildings on it.

Question 137

Cumbersome

Answer 137

1. Difficult to handle because of weight or bulk: tried to lug the cumbersome luggage up the stairs.
2. Difficult to use or deal with: cumbersome instructions; a cumbersome name; a cumbersome registration process.

Question 138

Tier

Tire

Answer 138

Tier: one of a number of levels

Tire: A covering for a wheel, usually made of rubber

Question 139

Encumber

Encumbrance

Answer 139

1. To cause to have difficulty in moving or in accomplishing something; burden: a hiker encumbered with a heavy pack; a student encumbered with responsibilities. encumbered with parcels after going shopping at Christmas; his stupidity encumbers his efforts to learn.
2. To hinder or impede the action or performance of: restrictions that encumber police work.
3. To burden with legal or financial obligations: an estate that is encumbered with debts.

Question 140

Infringe

Infringement

Answer 140

1. (tr) to violate or break (a law, an agreement, etc): infringe a contract; infringe a patent. to infringe a copyright.
   An infringement of the rules
2. (intr; foll by on or upon) to encroach or trespass: to infringe on someone’s privacy. an increased workload that infringed on his personal life.
   An infringement on his property

Question 141

Ammunition

Answer 141

1. (Firearms, Gunnery, Ordnance & Artillery) any projectiles, such as bullets, rockets, etc, that can be discharged from a weapon
2. (Firearms, Gunnery, Ordnance & Artillery) bombs, missiles, chemicals, biological agents, nuclear materials, etc, capable of use as weapons
3. any weapon used in a conflict: Rocks were my only ammunition against the bear.
4. any material used to defend or attack a viewpoint, claim, etc.: These statistics are my ammunition.

Question 142

Injunction

Answer 142

1. (law) an instruction or order issued by a court to a party to an action, esp to refrain from some act, such as causing a nuisance: a court injunction prevented the program from being shown on television.
2. The act or an instance of enjoining; a command, directive, or order.

Question 143

Assortment

Answer 143

1. a collection or group of various things or sorts; a mixture
2. the act of assorting; separation into classes.

Question 144

Contrive

Contrivance

Answer 144

v.tr.
1. To plan with cleverness or ingenuity; devise; engineer: he contrived to make them meet. contrive ways to amuse the children. to contrive a means of escape.
2. To invent or fabricate, especially by improvisation: contrived a swing from hanging vines. He contrived a new mast for the boat.
3. To plan with evil intent; scheme: contrived a plot to seize power.
4. To bring about, as by scheming; manage: somehow contrived to get past the guards unnoticed. He contrived to gain their votes.
v.intr.
To form plans or schemes.

Question 145

Allege /əˈlɛdʒ/
Alleged
Allegedly
Allegation /ˌælɪˈɡeɪʃən/

Answer 145

1. to declare in or as if in a court of law; state without or before proof: he alleged malpractice. alleging his innocence of the charge. The indictment alleges that the commissioner took bribes.
2. to put forward (an argument or plea) for or against an accusation, claim, etc.: The defendant alleges temporary insanity.
3. to cite or quote, as to confirm
   Allegations of excessive drinking tarnished the CEO’s reputation.

Question 146

Yuppie /Yuppy

Answer 146

A young city or suburban resident with a well-paid professional job and an affluent lifestyle.

Question 147

Lavish

Answer 147

adj.

1. Characterized by or produced with extravagance and profusion; prodigal: a lavish buffet. lavish expenditure.
2. Immoderate in giving or bestowing; unstinting: The critics were lavish with their praise. to be lavish with one’s time or money; to be lavish of affection.
   tr. v. lav·ished, lav·ish·ing, lav·ish·es
3. To give or bestow in abundance; shower: lavished attention on his customers. to lavish gifts on a person.
4. To give something in abundance to: “The aides began lavishing him with kindnesses” (Kay Marie Porterfield).

Question 148

Solace

Answer 148

n
1. comfort in misery, disappointment, etc
2. something that gives comfort or consolation
vb (tr)
3. to give comfort or cheer to (a person) in time of sorrow, distress, etc
4. to alleviate (sorrow, misery, etc)

Question 149

Abound

Abundant

Answer 149

1. To be great in number or amount: “In areas where scorpions abound, spider populations are generally kept in check” (Natalie Angier). swamp in which snakes abound.
2. To have something in great numbers or amounts. Often used with in or with: “Neanderthal sites … abound with artifacts, including scrapers, choppers, hand axes, and knives” (Philip and Carol Zaleski). the gardens abound with flowers; the fields abound in corn. The region abounds in coal. The ship abounds with rats.
   Today our country is awash in new technology-from the World Wide Web to gene splicing- and abounds in brilliant entrepreneurs, such as Microsoft’s Bill Gates, TCI’s John Malone, and Federal Express’s Ferederick W. Smith.

Question 150

Concede
Concession
Concessionair

Answer 150

Concede
1. to acknowledge as true, just, or proper; admit, often grudgingly: He finally conceded that she was right. conceded that we made a mistake.
2. to acknowledge (an opponent’s victory, score, etc.) before it is officially established: to concede an election. concede a chess match.
The losing candidate conceded after the polls had closed.
3. to grant as a right or privilege; yield.
conceded the region when signing the treaty.

Concession
4. a space or privilege within certain premises for a subsidiary business or service: the refreshment concession at a theater. had an ice-cream concession in the subway station.

Concessionair
The holder or operator of a concession.

Question 151

Plod

Answer 151

v.intr.
1. To move or walk heavily or laboriously; trudge: “donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin” (D.H. Lawrence).
2. To work or act perseveringly or monotonously; drudge: plodding through a mountain of paperwork.
n.
2. The sound made by a heavy step.

Question 152

Revert

Answer 152

1.

a. To go back to a former condition, practice, subject, or belief: a meadow reverting to forest; a reformed shoplifter reverting to old habits; a speaker reverting to her opening remarks. “The doctor was reverted to the rank of Assistant Surgeon” (George Orwell). She reverted to her old wicked ways.
b. To resume using something that has been disused: had to revert to the typewriter when the computer failed.
2. (Law) To be returned to the former owner or to the former owner’s heirs. Used of money or property.

Question 153

Retaliate

Retaliation

Answer 153

To do something in response to an action done to oneself or an associate, especially to attack or injure someone as a response to a hurtful action.

Question 154

Paramount

/ˈpærəˌmaʊnt/

Answer 154

adj.
1. chief in importance or impact; supreme; preeminent: “My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union” (Abraham Lincoln).
2. Highest in rank, power, or authority: the paramount leader of the nation.
n.
2. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) a supreme ruler

Question 155

Unravel

Answer 155

1. to separate or disentangle the threads of (a fabric, rope, etc.): unraveled the sweater.
2. to free from complications; make plain or clear; solve: The detective unraveled the mystery.
3. to take apart; undo; destroy (a plan, agreement, or arrangement): His life unraveled after the stock market crash. Their plans to open a restaurant became unraveled.

Question 156

Renege

Renegade

Answer 156

Renege

1. To fail to carry out a promise or commitment: reneged on the contract at the last minute. He has reneged on his promise.
2. Games To fail to follow suit in cards when able and required by the rules to do so.

Renegade

1. One who rejects a religion, cause, allegiance, or group for another; a deserter.
2. An outlaw; a rebel.

Question 157

Deter

Deterrent

Answer 157

1. To prevent or discourage from acting, as by means of fear or doubt: threats that did not deter her from speaking out; skin chemicals that deter predators.
2. To prevent or discourage (an action or behavior): installed surveillance cameras to deter vandalism. The dog deterred trespassers.
3. To make less likely or prevent from happening: protocols to deter infection.

Question 158

Ransom

Answer 158

1. the release of captured prisoners, property, etc, on payment of a stipulated price
2. the price demanded or stipulated for such a release
3. rescue or redemption of any kind

Question 159

Abduct
Abdication
Abductee

Answer 159

1. to carry off or lead away (a person) illegally and in secret or by force, esp. to kidnap.
2. to move or draw away from the axis of the body or a limb (opposed to adduct).

Question 160

Squander

Answer 160

1. To spend wastefully or extravagantly; dissipate.

2. To fail to take advantage of: squandered an opportunity to go to college.

Question 161

Grieve
Grief
Grievance

Answer 161

Grieve

1. to feel or cause to feel great sorrow or distress, esp at the death of someone
2. (tr) to inflict injury, hardship, or sorrow on

Grievance

1. a wrong considered as grounds for complaint.
2. a complaint or resentment, as against an unjust act.

Question 162

Arbitrate
Arbitration
Arbitrator

Answer 162

1. To judge or decide in or as in the manner of an arbitrator; achieve a settlement between parties: arbitrate a dispute between neighbors.
2. To submit to settlement or judgment by arbitration: Management and labor agreed to arbitrate their remaining differences.

Question 163

Thrift
Thrifty
Thriftly

Answer 163

Wise economy in the management of money and other resources; frugality.

Question 164

Mundane

Answer 164

1. of or pertaining to this world or earth as contrasted with heaven; worldly; earthly: mundane affairs.
2. everyday, ordinary, or banal

Question 165

Affluent

Affluence

Answer 165

1. having an abundance of material goods; wealthy.
   affluent homes; affluent living.
2. abounding in anything; abundant.
3. flowing freely: an affluent fountain.

Question 166

Profuse
Profusely
Profusion

Answer 166

1. Plentiful; copious, or abundant: profuse compliments. profuse apologies.
2. Giving or given freely and abundantly; extravagant: were profuse in their compliments. profuse in their praise.

Question 167

Susceptible

Susceptibility

Answer 167

1. Easily influenced or affected: Is he susceptible to persuasion? I’m very susceptible to colds. susceptible to flattery.
2. Especially sensitive; highly impressionable: a susceptible child.
3. Permitting an action to be performed; capable of undergoing something: a statement susceptible of proof; a disease susceptible to treatment. hypotheses susceptible of refutation; susceptible to control. susceptible to various interpretations.

Question 168

Anomaly

Anomalous

Answer 168

a deviation from the common type, rule, arrangement, or form; irregularity; abnormality.

Question 169

Avow

Avowal

Answer 169

1. To acknowledge or declare openly and unashamedly: avowed their faith in the electoral process.
2. To state positively; declare: “Various church councils have avowed that evolution poses no threat to supernatural belief” (Frederick C. Crews).

“we already hear it whispered in the private circles of those who oppose the new Constitution, that the thirteen States are of too great extent for any general system, and that we must of necessity resort to separate confederacies of distinct portions of the whole. This doctrine will, in all probability, be gradually propagated, till it has votaries enough to countenance an open avowal of it.”
Hamilton, Alexander. Federalist Paper No.1.

Question 170

Dispassionate

Answer 170

Not influenced by strong feelings or emotions or prejudice; devoid of personal feeling or bias; objective; impartial: a dispassionate reporter.

Question 171

Procrastinate

Procrastination

Answer 171

To put off doing something, especially out of habitual carelessness or laziness; to defer action; delay: to procrastinate until an opportunity is lost.

Question 172

Spa

Answer 172

1. a mineral spring or a place or resort where such a spring is found
2. a luxurious resort or resort hotel.

Question 173

Repercussion

Answer 173

1. (often plural) a result or consequence, esp one that is somewhat removed from the action or event which precipitated it: the repercussions of the war are still keenly felt.
2. a recoil after impact; a rebound
3. a reflection, esp of sound; echo or reverberation

Question 174

Predilection

Answer 174

A special liking for something; a tendency to think favorably of something in particular; partiality a predisposition, preference, or bias: a predilection for spicy food. His predilection for intelligent women.

Question 175

Guise

Answer 175

1. Outward appearance or aspect; semblance.
2. False appearance; pretense: spoke to me under the guise of friendship.
3. Mode of dress; garb: huddled on the street in the guise of beggars.

Disguise

Question 176

Loaf (v.)

Answer 176

To pass time at leisure; to lounge or saunter lazily and idly; idle: he loafed away his life.

n.
veal loaf

Question 177

Trudge

Answer 177

To walk in a laborious, heavy-footed way; plod.

Question 178

Astute

Answer 178

1. keenly perceptive or discerning; sagacious.

2. clever; ingenious; shrewd; crafty.

Question 179

Caveat

Answer 179

1. a warning or caution; admonition.

2. a legal notice to a court or public officer to suspend a proceeding until the notifier is given a hearing.

Question 180

Undue

Answer 180

1. Exceeding what is appropriate or normal; excessive: “I was grateful, without showing undue excitement” (Katherine Mansfield).
2. Not just, proper, or legal: undue use of force.

“Are they not being unduly arrogant when they are portraying ordinary humans as groping in the dark, while in contrast they themselves are made to look so remarkably perspicacious?”(Hirschman)

Question 181

Castaway

Answer 181

1. Cast adrift or ashore; shipwrecked.

2. Discarded; thrown away.

Question 182

Fluke

Answer 182

1. A chance occurrence: That spring snowstorm was a total fluke.
2. An accidentally good or successful stroke in billiards or pool; an accidental stroke of luck

Question 183

Orchard

Orchardist

Answer 183

An area of land devoted to the cultivation of fruit or nut trees

Question 184

Con’sent

Con’sensus

Answer 184

1. to give assent or permission (to do something); agree; accede: consent to medical treatment; consent to going on a business trip
2. (intr) to be in accord; agree in opinion, feelings, etc
   He gave his consent to the marriage.

Question 185

Sluggish
Sluggard
Sluggardly

Answer 185

Sluggish

1. indisposed to action or exertion; lacking energy; lazy; indolent; inactive; slow-moving
2. functioning at below normal rate or level: a sluggish stream; sluggish growth.
3. exhibiting poor response to stimulation

Sluggard
a person who is habitually inactive or lazy.

Question 186

Bashful

Answer 186

1. easily embarrassed; shy; timid: a bashful child.

2. indicative of or proceeding from bashfulness: a bashful manner.

Question 187

Dissect

Dissection

Answer 187

1. To cut apart or separate (tissue), especially for anatomical study.
2. To examine, analyze, or criticize in minute detail: dissected the plan afterward to learn why it had failed.

Question 188

Benign

Answer 188

adj.
1.
a. Having little or no detrimental effect; harmless: a benign chemical; benign indifference.
b. Of no danger to health; not malignant or disease-causing: a benign tumor.
2. Tending to exert a beneficial influence; favorable: a policy with benign consequences for the economy.
3.
a. Gentle or kind: “a world regarded as the creative product of a benign God” (Nicholas Rescher).
b. Showing gentleness or kindness: a benign smile.

Question 189

Inadvertent

Inadvertently

Answer 189

1. Marked by or resulting from carelessness; negligent: an inadvertent error; an inadvertent omission.
2. Not deliberate or considered; unintentional: an inadvertent remark; inadvertent humor.
3. Not intending to be so; unwitting: “Physicians have already begun to take on the role of gatekeepers, inadvertent agents of selection … deciding on the relative value of different human lives” (Robert Pollack).

Question 190

‘Adversary

Answer 190

1. a person or group that is hostile to someone; enemy
2. an opposing contestant in a game or sport
3. (Adversary) The Devil; Satan. Often used with the.

Question 191

Ad’versity

Answer 191

1. distress; affliction; hardship

2. an unfortunate event or incident

Question 192

Strive

Answer 192

1. To exert much effort or energy; endeavor: to strive for success; to strive to get promotion.
2. To struggle or fight forcefully; contend: strive against injustice; to strive against fate.

Question 193

Revoke
Revocable
Irrevocable

Answer 193

To invalidate or cause to no longer be in effect, as by voiding or canceling: Her license was revoked. to revoke a law.

Revocable
adj.
Capable of being revoked: a revocable order; a revocable vote.

Question 194

Sparse
Sparsely
Sparseness

Answer 194

thinly scattered or distributed; not thick or dense: a sparse crowd; he just had a few sparse hairs on his head
A sparsely populated area

Question 195

Relegate

Answer 195

1. To consign to an inferior or obscure place, rank, category, or condition: an artist’s work that is now relegated to storerooms; a group that has been relegated to the status of second-class citizens.
2. To refer or assign (a matter or task, for example) for decision or action: relegate the teaching of writing to graduate students; relegate the matter to a committee.

Question 196

Heal

Answer 196

1.

a. To restore to health or soundness; cure: healed the sick patient.
b. To ease or relieve (emotional distress): Only time can heal her grief. gave the grieving family time to heal.
2. To set right; repair: healed the rift between us. The rift between them finally healed.

Question 197

Subsist

Subsistence

Answer 197

1. (often foll by on) to be sustained; manage to live: to subsist on milk.
2. to continue in existence
3. (foll by in) to lie or reside by virtue (of); consist

Subsistence
2. A means of subsisting, especially means barely sufficient to maintain life.

Question 198

Kin
Kinship
Kith and kin

Answer 198

1. a person’s relatives collectively; kindred

2. a class or group with similar characteristics

Question 199

Stature

/ˈstætʃ ər/

Answer 199

1. The natural height of a human or animal in an upright position.
2. An achieved level; status.

Question 200

Sabbatical

Answer 200

1. A leave of absence from one’s regular work responsibilities, usually with pay, for research, rest, or recreation. Many university professors are granted a sabbatical every seventh year.
2. often Sabbatical year A year during which land remains fallow, observed every seven years by Jewish farmers in Israel.

Question 201

Botany

Answer 201

The science or study of plants

Question 202

Avalanche

Answer 202

1. A fall or slide of a large mass of material, especially of snow, down a mountainside.
2. A massive or overwhelming amount; a flood: received an avalanche of mail.

Question 203

Offspring

Answer 203

1. The organism or organisms resulting from sexual or asexual reproduction.
2. A child or children of a parent or parents: the offspring of Zeus and Leto.
3. The result or product of something: “the glaciers, the offspring of the gentle snow” (John Muir).

Question 204

Bog

Answer 204

1. wet, spongy ground with soil composed mainly of decayed vegetable matter.
2. to sink in or as if in a bog (often fol. by down): We were bogged down with a lot of work. The bus got bogged down in the muddy road. The project got bogged down in haggling about procedures.

Question 205

Ocular

Answer 205

1. of, pertaining to, or for the eyes: ocular exercises; ocular muscles.
2. of the nature of an eye: ocular spots; an ocular organ.
3. performed or perceived by the eye or eyesight: an ocular aberration. ocular proof.

Question 206

Dorsal

Answer 206

(anatomy zoology) relating to the back or spinal part of the body.

Question 207

Ventral

Answer 207

1. Anatomy
   a. Relating to or situated on or close to the abdomen; abdominal.
   b. Relating to or situated on or close to the anterior aspect of the human body or the lower surface of the body of an animal.

Question 208

Insulate

Answer 208

1. To prevent the passage of heat, electricity, or sound into or out of, especially by surrounding or covering with a nonconducting material: insulate an attic.
2. To cause to be in a detached or isolated position.

Question 209

Mammary

Answer 209

adj.
Of or relating to a breast or mamma.
Mammary glands produce milk.

Question 210

Gland

Answer 210

any organ or group of cells specialized for producing secretions, as insulin or sweat.

Question 211

Cranium

Cranial

Answer 211

جمجمه

Question 212

Pelvis

Answer 212

لگن

Question 213

Integument

Integumentary

Answer 213

A natural outer covering or coat, such as the skin of an animal or the membrane enclosing an organ.

Question 214

Excrete

Excretion

Answer 214

(Physiology) to discharge (waste matter, such as urine, sweat, carbon dioxide, or faeces) from the body through the kidneys, skin, lungs, bowels, etc

Question 215

Clot

Answer 215

Blood clotting

لخته

Question 216

Inert

Answer 216

1. having no inherent ability to move or to resist motion
2. inactive, lazy, or sluggish
3. (Chemistry) having only a limited ability to react chemically; unreactive

Question 217

Affinity

Answer 217

n. pl. af·fin·i·ties
1.
a. A natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship: a special affinity with animals; a cultural affinity for the automobile.
b. A natural tendency or ability to use or do something: an affinity with languages; an affinity for making money.
c. A natural compatibility of one thing with another: “the affinity of pork and shellfish” (Alison Arnett).
2. Relationship by marriage: related by affinity to the wife.
3.
a. An inherent similarity between persons or things: “The genius of the Afro-Cubans lay in recognizing the affinity between swing-era jazz and their own tradition” (Gene Santoro).
b. Biology A relationship or resemblance in structure between species that suggests a common origin.
4.
a. An attraction or force between particles or chemicals that causes them to combine.
b. The degree to which particles or chemicals are likely to combine: Hemoglobin has a high affinity for oxygen. Also called avidity.

Question 218

Pore

Answer 218

1. A minute opening in tissue, as in the skin of an animal, serving as an outlet for perspiration, or in a plant leaf or stem, serving as a means of absorption and transpiration.
   Water seeped into the pores of the rock.

v.

1. To read, study, or examine something carefully and attentively: pored over the documents in search of evidence. to pore over old manuscripts.
2. To meditate deeply; ponder: pored on the matter. he pored on the question of their future.

Question 219

Vigilant /ˈvɪdʒɪlənt/

Vigilance

Answer 219

keenly alert to or heedful of trouble or danger, as while others are sleeping or unsuspicious; watchful

“Be vigilant in conversation: listen when others are speaking and try not to speak too quickly yourself.”

Question 220

Ambient

Ambience

Answer 220

1. of or relating to the immediate surroundings: the ambient temperature was 15°C.
2. creating a relaxing atmosphere: ambient music.

Question 221

Proscribe

Proscription

Answer 221

1. To prohibit; forbid: foods that are proscribed by religious dietary laws.
2. To denounce or condemn:

“Back in May 2001, then- NBC President Robert Wright was fuming. He fired off a bristling letter to producers and executives throughout broadcast television, complaining that HBO was changing the rules of their medium. His claim was that broadcast television was having a hard time competing with the cable network because it had the license of unexpurgated language, nudity and bloody violence that were proscribed to NBC. If only his network had the freedom of HBO, well . . .” Neal Gabler

Question 222

Intermit

Intermittent

Answer 222

v.
to suspend (activity) or (of activity) to be suspended temporarily or at intervals; cease.

Intermittent
occurring occasionally or at regular or irregular intervals; periodic

Question 223

Latent

Answer 223

1. present but not visible, apparent, or actualized; existing as potential: latent ability. Latent talent.
2. (of an infectious agent or disease) remaining in an inactive or hidden phase; dormant: latent virus.

Question 224

Lapse

Answer 224

1. an accidental or temporary decline or deviation from an expected or accepted condition or state: a lapse of justice.
2. a slip or error, often of a trivial sort: a lapse of memory.
3. an interval or passage of time; elapsed period.

Question 225

Legible

Answer 225

1. Possible to read or decipher: legible handwriting.
2. Plainly discernible; apparent: a legible weakness in disposition.
   Improve legibility of text

Question 226

Verbose /vɜːˈbəʊs/
Verbosity
Verbiage

Answer 226

expressed in or characterized by the use of many or too many words; wordy: a verbose report; a verbose speaker

Question 227

Swift

Answer 227

1. moving or able to move quickly; fast: a swift boat.
2. occurring or performed quickly or suddenly; instant: a swift response; a swift decision.
3. (foll by: to) prompt to act or respond: swift to take revenge.
   Swift-moving; swift-running;

Question 228

Strenuous

Answer 228

1. Requiring great effort, energy, or exertion: a strenuous task.
2. Vigorously active; energetic or zealous: strenuous efforts.

“Inasmuch as the extension of the franchise in Western Europe in the course of the nineteenth century was achieved in a fairly gradual and peaceful manner, the temptation is to think that opposition to that process was not particularly strenuous” (Hirschman)

Question 229

Exert

Exertion

Answer 229

1. To put to use or effect; put forth: exerted all my strength to move the box.
2. To bring to bear; exercise: exert influence.
3. To put (oneself) to strenuous effort: exerted ourselves mightily to raise funds.

Question 230

Somatic

Answer 230

Soma

1. The entire body of an organism, exclusive of the reproductive cells.
2. The body of an individual as contrasted with the mind or psyche.
3. (Biology) of or relating to the soma: somatic cells.
4. (Zoology) of or relating to an animal body or body wall as distinct from the viscera, limbs, and head
5. (Anatomy) of or relating to the human body as distinct from the mind: a somatic disease.

Question 231

Trunk

Answer 231

1. the main stem of a tree, as distinct from the branches and roots.
2. a large sturdy box or case for holding or transporting clothes, personal effects, etc.
3. a large compartment, usu. in the rear of an automobile, for holding luggage, a spare tire, etc.
4. the body of a person or an animal excluding the head and appendages; torso.
5. the long, flexible cylindrical nasal appendage of the elephant.
6. the main channel, artery, or line in a river, railroad, highway, or other tributary system.

Question 232

Limb

Answer 232

1. One of the larger branches of a tree.
2. One of the jointed appendages of an animal, such as an arm, leg, wing, or flipper, used for locomotion or grasping.
3. An extension or a projecting part, as of a building or mountain range.
   4.
   a. An extension or part distinguished from the main body or group: the conservative limb of the party.
   b. A member or representative of a group: was arrested by a burly limb of the law.

Question 233

Squat

Answer 233

1. To sit in a crouching position with knees bent and the buttocks on or near the heels.
2. To crouch down, as an animal does.
3. To settle on unoccupied land without legal claim.
4. To occupy a given piece of public land in order to acquire title to it.

Question 234

Crouch

Answer 234

1. (intr) to bend low with the limbs pulled up close together, esp (of an animal) in readiness to pounce
2. (intr) to cringe, as in humility or fear
3. (tr) to bend (parts of the body), as in humility or fear

Question 235

Aggravate

Answer 235

1. To make worse or more troublesome: aggravate political tensions; aggravate a medical condition.
2. To annoy or exasperate: The child’s whining aggravated me.

Question 236

Sedentary

Answer 236

1. Characterized by or requiring much sitting: a sedentary job/occupation
2. Accustomed to sitting or to taking little exercise: a sedentary lifestyle
3. Remaining or living in one area; not migratory: sedentary caribou herds.
4. Attached or rooted; sessile: sedentary marine organisms.

Question 237

Adduct

Answer 237

(Physiology) (of a muscle) to draw or pull (a leg, arm, etc) towards the median axis of the body. Opposit to abduct

Question 238

Torso

Answer 238

1. The human body excluding the head and limbs; trunk.
2. A statue of the human body with the head and limbs omitted or removed.
3. A truncated or unfinished thing.

Question 239

Slump

Answer 239

1. To fall or sink heavily; collapse: She slumped, exhausted, onto the sofa.
2. To droop, as in sitting or standing; slouch.
   3.
   a. To decline suddenly; fall off: Business slumped after the holidays.
   b. To perform poorly or inadequately: The team has been slumping for a month.

Question 240

Meticulous

Answer 240

very precise about details, even trivial ones; precise; thorough; painstaking

Question 241

Affine

Answer 241

n.
A relative by marriage

adj.
(Mathematics) of, characterizing, or involving transformations which preserve collinearity, esp in classical geometry, those of translation, rotation and reflection in an axis
A transformation of coordinates that is equivalent to a linear transformation followed by a translation.

Question 242

Philately
Philatelic
Philatelist

Answer 242

The collection and study of postage stamps, postmarks, and related materials; stamp collecting

Question 243

Immerse

Immersion

Answer 243

Immerse

1. To cover completely in a liquid; submerge.
2. To baptize by submerging in water.
3. To engage wholly or deeply; absorb; engross: to immerse oneself in a problem. scholars who immerse themselves in their subjects.

Immersion

1. The action of immersing or the state of being immersed.
2. A method of teaching a language by the exclusive use of that language.
3. (Astronomy) The obscuring of a celestial body by another or by the shadow of another.

Question 244

Excursion

Answer 244

1. a short outward and return journey, esp for relaxation, sightseeing, etc; outing
2. a group of people going on such a journey
3. (Railways) (modifier) A roundtrip in a passenger vehicle at a special low fare: an excursion ticket.
4. A diversion or deviation from a main topic; a digression: an excursion into politics.

Question 245

Excursus

Excursive

Answer 245

Excursus

1. (Rhetoric) an incidental digression from the main topic under discussion or from the main story in a narrative
2. A lengthy, detailed discussion of some point in a book, esp. one added as an appendix.

Excursive
given to making excursions in speech, thought, etc.; wandering; digressive; rambling; desultory: excursive conversation.

Question 246

Entail

Answer 246

1. To have, impose, or require as a necessary accompaniment or consequence: The investment entailed a high risk. The proposition X is a rose entails the proposition X is a flower because all roses are flowers. This task entails careful thought. This project will entail a lot of work.
2. (Law) To limit the inheritance of (property) to a specified succession of heirs.

Question 247

Mediocre

Mediocrity

Answer 247

Of ordinary or undistinguished quality; average: a mediocre book; a person of mediocre ability

Question 248

Precursor

Answer 248

1. a person or thing that precedes, as in a job or a method; predecessor; forerunner: The new principal’s precursor was an eminent educator.
2. a person, animal, or thing that precedes and shows or announces someone or something to come; harbinger: The first robin is a precursor of spring. Colonial opposition to unfair taxation by the British was a precursor of the Revolution.
3. a chemical that is transformed into another compound, as in the course of a chemical reaction, and therefore precedes that compound in the synthetic pathway: Cholesterol is a precursor of testosterone.
   a precursor of insulin.

Question 249

Verbatim

Answer 249

Using exactly the same words; corresponding word for word: a verbatim report of the conversation.
a verbatim record of the proceedings. A verbatim translation.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual.

adv.
repeated their dialogue verbatim.

Question 250

Ephemeral

Answer 250

1. Lasting for a markedly brief time; transitory; short-lived: ephemeral pleasure. “There remain some truths too ephemeral to be captured in the cold pages of a court transcript” (Irving R. Kaufman).
2. Having a short lifespan or a short annual period of aboveground growth. Used especially of plants: an ephemeral flower (lasting but one day).

Question 251

Reiterate
Reiteration
Reiterative

Answer 251

to say or do again or repeatedly; repeat, often excessively.

Question 252

Err
Error
Erroneous

Answer 252

1. to make a mistake or misjudgment; be incorrect: I erred in turning onto the dead-end street.
2. to stray from the right course or accepted standards; to go astray morally; do wrong; sin
3. to act with bias, esp favourable bias: to err on the side of justice.

Erroneous
based on or containing error; mistaken; incorrect: erroneous conclusions.

Question 253

Vilify
Vilification
Vilifier

Answer 253

To attack the reputation of (a person or thing) with strong or abusive criticism; malign; defame; slander: he has been vilified in the tabloid press.

Question 254

Crux

/krʌks/ (pl. cruxes or cruces /ˈkruːsiːz/)

Answer 254

1. The basic, central, or critical point or feature: the crux of the matter; the crux of an argument.
2. A puzzling or apparently insoluble problem.
3. The most difficult portion of an ascent in rock climbing or mountaineering.
   The notion of “ceteris paribus” is at the crux of establishing a causal relationship.
   We now come to the crux of this study’s contribution:…

Question 255

Apriorism

Answer 255

1. (Philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that there may be genuine knowledge independent of experience.
2. the method of a priori reasoning, i.e., deductive reasoning, from cause to effect or from the general to the particular.

Question 256

Squarely

Answer 256

1. (Mathematics) At right angles: sawed the beam squarely.
2. In a square shape.
3. So as to make solid contact; firmly: struck the golf ball squarely, sending it to the green.
4. Directly; straight: walked squarely toward the shoplifter and arrested him.
5. In an honest, straightforward manner: spoke squarely on the topic of drug abuse.

Question 257

Con’vict (v.)
‘Convict (n.)
Conviction

Answer 257

v.tr.
1. (Law) To find or prove (someone) guilty of an offense or crime, especially by the verdict of a court: The jury convicted the defendant of manslaughter.
2. To show or declare to be blameworthy; condemn: His remarks convicted him of a lack of sensitivity.
3. To make aware of one’s sinfulness or guilt.
v.intr.
To return a verdict of guilty in a court: “We need jurors … who will not convict merely because they are suspicious” (Scott Turow).
n. (Law)
1. A person found or declared guilty of an offense or crime.
2. A person serving a sentence of imprisonment.

Question 258

Impinge

Answer 258

To encroach upon; limit; infringe; trespass: to impinge on someone’s time. “One of a democratic government’s continuing challenges is finding a way to protect … secrets without impinging the liberties that democracy exists to protect” (Christian Science Monitor).
“powerful institutions of government that inhibited free enterprise and impinged on commercial—and by extension private—liberties” (Greg Critser).
Justice Kagan: “it’s the principal argument that you make in your briefs, that same-sex marriage doesn’t advance this state interest in regulating procreation.
Let’s just assume for the moment that that’s so. Obviously, same-sex partners cannot procreate themselves. But is there in addition to that, are you saying that recognizing same-sex marriage will impinge upon that State interest, will harm that State interest in regulating procreation through marriage?”

Question 259

Foster

Answer 259

1. To bring up; nurture: bear and foster offspring.
2. To promote the growth and development of; cultivate; advance: detect and foster artistic talent. to foster new ideas.
   Most countries have not been able to foster sustained growth and social progress.
3. To nurse; cherish: foster a secret hope.

adj.
Providing parental care and nurture to children not related through legal or blood ties: foster parents; foster grandparents; a foster home; foster children.

Question 260

Expropriate

Expropriation

Answer 260

(Law) to deprive (an owner) of (property), esp by taking it for public use.

Question 261

Ostracize

Ostracism

Answer 261

1. to exclude or banish (a person) from a particular group, society, etc
2. (Historical Terms) (in ancient Greece) to punish by temporary exile
   “Lionesses with worn and missing teeth are not ostracized from their pride, but live out their old age … supported by the hunting of younger females” (Cindy Engel).

Question 262

Coerce
Coercion
Coercive

Answer 262

1. To pressure, intimidate, or force (someone) into doing something: to coerce someone into signing a document.
2. To bring about or gain by pressure, threat, or force: coerced agreement among the parties; coerced a confession from the suspect. to coerce obedience.

“It is time for the United States and its Western allies to make the choice between cooperation and confrontation, between negotiations and grandstanding, and between agreement and coercion.” (Mohammad Javad Zarif)

Question 263

Forfeit

Answer 263

To lose or give up (something) on account of an offense, error, or failure to fulfill an agreement: The other team did not show up in time and so forfeited the game./ The team lost the game by forfeit.

Question 264

Guild
Guildsman
Guildhall

Answer 264

An association of persons of the same trade or pursuits, formed to protect mutual interests and maintain standards.

Question 265

Venue

Answer 265

1. (Law)
   a. The court where a lawsuit may or should be tried, usually because the cause of action arose in that locality.
   b. The locality from which a jury may be drawn.
   c. The locality where a crime is committed.
2. any place where an organized gathering, such as a rock concert or public meeting, is held

Question 266

Hearsay

Answer 266

1. Unverified information heard or received from another; gossip; rumor.
2. (Law) Evidence that is not within the personal knowledge of a witness, such as testimony regarding statements made by someone other than the witness, and that therefore may be inadmissible to establish the truth of a particular contention because the accuracy of the evidence cannot be verified through cross-examination.

Question 267

Amenable

Answer 267

1. open or susceptible to suggestion; likely to listen, cooperate, or submit to authority; agreeable; tractable: amenable to criticism. “a class that is all the more amenable to control for living perpetually under the threat of deportation” (Amitav Ghosh).
   Are you amenable to a change in schedule?
2. accountable for behaviour to some authority; answerable: amenable to the law.
3. capable of being or liable to be tested, judged, etc: a theory amenable to experimentation. “The phenomenon of mind … is much more complex, though also more amenable to scientific investigation, than anyone suspected” (Michael D. Lemonick).

Question 268

Litigate
Litigation
Litigant

Answer 268

(Law)

1. (tr) to bring or contest (a claim, action, etc) in a lawsuit; To prosecute or defend (a lawsuit or legal action).
2. (intr) to engage in legal proceedings

Question 269

I’nimical

Answer 269

1. Injurious or harmful in effect; adverse; unfavorable: conditions inimical to health. habits inimical to good health.
2. Unfriendly; hostile: a cold, inimical voice. a cold, inimical gaze.

Question 270

Camera
Unicameral
Bicameral

Answer 270

1. (pl. camerae) A judge’s private chamber.
2. (Law) relating to a hearing from which members of the public are excluded; in private: The committee met in camera to discuss the report.

Unicameral
(Government, Politics & Diplomacy) of or characterized by a single legislative chamber

Bicameral
(Law) (of a legislature) consisting of two chambers

Question 271

Contention

Contentious

Answer 271

Contention

1. The act or an instance of striving in controversy or debate; conflict: much contention between the families
2. A striving to win in competition; rivalry: The teams met in fierce contention for first place.
3. (Rhetoric) a point asserted in argument: It is my contention that they are lying. It was her contention that she won.

Contentious

1. tending to argument or strife; quarrelsome: a contentious crew.
2. causing, involving, or characterized by argument or controversy; controversial: “a central and contentious element of the book”. contentious issues.
3. pertaining to causes between contending parties involved in litigation.

Question 272

Malleable

/ˈmælɪəbəl/

Answer 272

1. (esp of metal) able to be worked, hammered, or shaped under pressure or blows without breaking
2. able to be influenced; pliable or tractable; adaptable: a malleable personality. a malleable leader unafraid to compromise. the malleable rhythms of jazz.

Question 273

Squelch

Answer 273

1. To subdue forcibly: squelch a revolt.
2. To inhibit or suppress: squelch a rumor; squelch one’s anger.
3. (intr) to walk laboriously through soft wet material or with wet shoes, making a sucking noise

Question 274

Curb

Answer 274

1. something that restrains or holds back: High interest rates put a curb on spending.
2. any enclosing framework, such as a wall of stones around the top of a well

Question 275

Ample

Answer 275

1. Of large or great size, amount, extent, or capacity: an ample living room. spacious.
2. Fully sufficient to meet a need or purpose: had ample food for the party; was given ample time to decide. plentiful.
3. Plump or bulky: “Her ample body was not the desired shape in a culture of thinness”

Question 276

Dissident

Answer 276

adj.
Disagreeing, as in opinion or belief; dissenting

n.
(Government, Politics & Diplomacy) a person who disagrees, esp one who disagrees with the government or opposes official policy

Question 277

Venal

Venality

Answer 277

a. Open to bribery; mercenary: a venal police officer. a venal magistrate. a venal judge.
b. Characterized by corrupt dealings, especially bribery: a venal arrangement between the police and the drug dealers. a venal civilization.

Question 278

Protract
Protraction
Protracted

Answer 278

1. to lengthen or extend (a speech, etc); prolong in time: disputants who needlessly protracted the negotiations.
2. (Physiology) (of a muscle) to draw, thrust, or extend (a part, etc) forwards; protrude
3. (Surveying) to plot or draw using a protractor and scale

Question 279

Diligent

Diligence

Answer 279

1. constant and earnest in effort and application; attentive and persistent in doing something: a diligent student.
2. done or pursued with persevering attention; painstaking: a diligent search.

“For many decades, Saudi Arabia had played the classic role of a weak state with a single compelling resource—oil money. It cultivated powerful protectors and used its influence behind the scenes to promote outcomes that it could not hope to produce on its own. Saudi caution was legendary, and with a very few prominent exceptions it avoided taking the lead or putting itself out in front of controversial policies. Indeed, the United States and many other countries owe a great deal to the sober and conscientious policies that Saudi Arabia has followed, particularly with regard to all-important oil policies.
That quiet diligence appears to be vanishing after a change at the helm—the succession to the throne of King Salman and his installation of a notably young array of deputies and ministers.”

“A powerful selection instrument for conducting due diligence before moving to offer stage is 360 Referencing.” Russell Reynolds Associates.

Question 280

Stunt
Stunted
Stuntedness

Answer 280

To check the growth or development of.

stunted
nferior in size or quality; undersized, dwarfed, little, small, tiny, diminutive, dwarfish: low, stunted trees

Question 281

Underpin

Underpinning

Answer 281

1. To support from below, as with props, girders, or masonry; to replace or strengthen the foundation of: to underpin a wall.
2. To give support or substance to; substantiate; corroborate: assumptions that underpinned their claims.

Question 282

Ingrain

Ingrained

Answer 282

To fix deeply or indelibly, as in the mind: “A system that had been ingrained for generations could not be easily undone by change from the top” (Doris Kearns Goodwin).

Ingrained

1. Firmly established, as by long conditioning; deep-seated: ingrained prejudice; the ingrained habits of a lifetime.
2. Worked deeply into the texture or fiber: a carpet disfigured by ingrained dirt.

Question 283

Intractable

Answer 283

1.

a. Difficult to manage, deal with, or change to an acceptable condition: an intractable conflict; an intractable dilemma.
b. Difficult to alleviate, remedy, or cure: intractable pain; intractable depression.
2. Difficult to persuade or keep under control, as in behavior; stubborn: “Bullheaded enough when he was cold sober, he was intractable after a few drinks” (John Grisham).
3. Difficult to mold or manipulate: intractable materials; an intractable metal

Mrs. Robinson has said that “the two questions to be asked of a set of assumptions in economics are: Are they tractable? and: Do they correspond with the real world?” Though, as Mrs. Robinson points out, “more often one set will be manageable and the other realistic.”

Question 284

Despot

Despotic

Answer 284

(Government, Politics & Diplomacy) an absolute or tyrannical ruler; autocrat or tyrant

Question 285

Spawn

Answer 285

1. (Zoology) the mass of eggs deposited in the water by fish, amphibians, molluscs, and other aquatic creatures.
2. offspring, product, or yield: the spawn of a prodigious imagination

v.
to produce; to give birth to; give rise to: His disappearance spawned many rumors.
tyranny that spawned revolt.

Question 286

Precept

Answer 286

1. A rule or principle prescribing a particular course of action or conduct.
2. (Law) A direction or order issued by an authority; a writ, command, or process.

Question 287

Tenet

Answer 287

any opinion, principle, doctrine, position, dogma, etc., esp. one held as true by members of a philosophy, religion, profession, group, or movement.

Question 288

sui generis

ˌsuːaɪ ˈdʒɛnərɪs

Answer 288

Being the only example of its kind; constituting a class of its own; unique: “sui generis works like Mary Chesnut’s Civil War diary” (Linda Orr).

Question 289

Sully

Answer 289

to stain or tarnish (a reputation, etc) or (of a reputation) to become stained or tarnished:
The current flock of clientelist states may, temporarily, be sullying democracy’s reputation.

Question 290

Exhort
Exhortation 
Exhortative 
Exhortatory 
Exhorter

Answer 290

To urge or persuade (someone) by strong, earnest, often stirring argument, admonition, advice, appeal, or caution: exhorted the troops to hold the line.
Exhorting poor countries to adopt democracy is about as helpful as exhorting them to adopt other desirable traits such as rule of law or property rights.

Question 291

Trait

Answer 291

1. a characteristic feature or quality distinguishing a particular person or thing: bad traits.
2. A genetically determined characteristic or condition: a recessive trait.
   Exhorting poor countries to adopt democracy is about as helpful as exhorting them to adopt other desirable traits such as rule of law or property rights.

Question 292

Congruent

Congruence

Answer 292

1. agreeing; corresponding; accordant; congruous
2. (Geometry) Having the same size and shape; Coinciding exactly when superimposed: congruent triangles.
3. Of or relating to two integers related by a congruence (that have the same remainder when divided by a third number). For example, 11 and 26 are congruent when the modulus is 5.

But the sheer incongruence of the Conservatives, who are reviled in much of Scotland, and the SNP, which demonized the Tories on the campaign trail, working together will be an enormous test of the skills of both Cameron and Sturgeon.

Question 293

Rife

Answer 293

1. (especially of Something undesirable) of widespread occurrence; prevalent or current: rumour was rife in the village. Crime is rife in the city. Male chauvinism was rife in medicine.
2. very plentiful; abundant
3. (foll by with) abounding (in): a land rife with poverty.
   China’s government owned but privately operated township enterprises stimulated markets, but were rife with corruption.

Question 294

Extant

Answer 294

1. Still in existence; surviving; not destroyed, lost, or extinct: extant manuscripts. only three extant copies of the document.

Question 295

Grapple

Answer 295

1. to come to grips with (one or more persons), esp to struggle in hand-to-hand combat: wrestlers grappling.
2. (foll by: with) to cope or contend: to grapple with a financial problem; grappled with their consciences; grapple with the political realities of our time.
   Attempts to grapple with the messy details of real institutional change.
3. (Tools) (tr) to secure with a grapple: “The 150-odd ships closed and grappled, initiating the most important naval battle of the Hundred Years’ War” (Clifford J. Rogers).
   n
4. (Tools) any form of hook or metal instrument by which something is secured, such as a grapnel

Question 296

Foment

Answer 296

1. to encourage or instigate (trouble, discord, rebellion, etc); stir up; foster: to foment trouble
2. (Medicine) to apply heat and moisture to (a part of the body) to relieve pain and inflammation
   Outsiders have changed deeply rooted institutions, usually by fomenting revolutions or invading, sometimes in consort with a powerful local reformer.

Question 297

Shirk

Answer 297

To avoid or neglect (a duty or responsibility); evade
By promoting rent-seeking and shirking, aid can actually undermine the sustainability of the reforms it is designed to support.

Question 298

Disburse
Disbursal
Disbursement

Answer 298

To pay out, as from a fund; expend.

Conditionality: A list of specific changes that the country must enact before the funds will be disbursed.

Question 299

Pro forma

Answer 299

done as a matter of form or for the sake of form; Done as a formality; perfunctory: a pro forma apology
Ruling elites often prefer pro forma changes so they can obtain funds without politically costly changes in deep-seated constitutional rules, norms and beliefs.

Question 300

Emulate
Emulation
Emulative
Emulator

Answer 300

1. To strive to equal or surpass, especially through imitation: an older pupil whose accomplishments and style I emulated.
2. To compete with successfully; approach or attain equality with.

“All practicing Muslims begin their day with the verse from the Holy Qur’an, “In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful;” a verse they repeat many times in their daily prayers, to be reminded of the most important qualities of their Creator, which they must emulate in their quest for an ethical life and ultimate salvation.”
(Javad Zarif)

Question 301

Daunt

Answer 301

To lessen the courage or resolution of; dishearten or intimidate: Don’t be daunted by the work. “Dogged by sickness, daunted by the continuing economic downturn, he continued to fall behind” (Brooks D. Simpson).

Question 302

Incessant

Answer 302

(especially of something unpleasant) continuing without interruption; unending: an incessant noise.

Question 303

Entice
Enticer
Enticement
Enticing

Answer 303

To attract (someone), usually to do something, by arousing hope, interest, or desire; allure; tempt; inveigle: The good review enticed me to see the movie.
Enticements such as high salaries
Countries had valuable resources enticing colonizers to design institutions to exploit these endowments.

Question 304

Engender

Answer 304

1. To bring into existence; give rise to; produce or cause: Hatred engendered violence. “Every cloud engenders not a storm” (Shakespeare).
2. to be born or cause to be born; bring or come into being; procreate; propagate.

Question 305

Belie

Answer 305

1. To give a false representation to; misrepresent: “He spoke roughly in order to belie his air of gentility” (James Joyce).
2. To show to be false; contradict: Their laughter belied their outward grief.

Question 306

Pernicious

Answer 306

1. Tending to cause death or serious injury; deadly: a pernicious virus.
2. Causing great harm; destructive; wicked or malicious: pernicious lies; pernicious rumors.

Question 307

Plebiscite

/ˈplɛbɪˌsaɪt/ or /ˈplɛbɪˌsɪt/

Answer 307

A direct vote in which the entire electorate is invited to accept or refuse a proposal: The new constitution was ratified in a plebiscite.
The decision of the Pinochet dictatorship to hold a plebiscite and to restore democracy after losing.

Question 308

Good Samaritan

Answer 308

1. (Bible) New Testament a figure in one of Christ’s parables (Luke 10:30-37) who is an example of compassion towards those in distress
2. a kindly person who helps another in difficulty or distress

Question 309

Ambivalent

Ambivalence

Answer 309

1. The coexistence of opposing attitudes or feelings, such as love and hate, toward a person, object, or idea.
2. Uncertainty or indecisiveness as to which course to follow.

“‘The major advances in civilization are processes which all but wreck the societies in which they occur.’ It is surely this statement rather than any account of smooth, unrelenting progress that catches the deeply ambivalent essence of the story so blandly entitled the ‘development of citizenship.’”

Question 310

Nexus

Answer 310

1. A means of connection; a link or tie: “this nexus between New York’s … real-estate investors and its … politicians” (Wall Street Journal).
2. A connected series or group.
3. The core or center: “The real nexus of the money culture [was] Wall Street” (Bill Barol).

Question 311

Ascribe
Ascribable
Ascription

Answer 311

1. to credit or assign, as to a particular origin or period: to ascribe parts of a play to Shakespeare.
2. to attribute as a quality; consider as belonging to: to ascribe beauty to youth.
3. To regard as arising from a specified cause or source: “Other people ascribe his exclusion from the canon to an unsubtle form of racism” (Daniel Pinchbeck)

Question 312

Lecher
Lechery /ˈlɛtʃəri/
Lecherous

Answer 312

Excessive interest in or indulgence in sexual activity.

Lecher= a lecherous man