Old Mesopotamia

Question 1

Old Mesopotamia

Answer 1

• Two rivers run through the land, and major cities are created around these bodies of water.
• Sumerian
• first stratified cities dominated by men
  origins of western civilization
• ur, uruk, and

Question 2

Babylon

Answer 2

• city that was built upon many cities on the Persian Gulf.
  -Massive irrigation system
  -The first authors are women due to the priestly hierarchy and women being priestesses.
• most buildings were built using mud brick

Question 3

Hanging Garden - ziggurat

Answer 3

• cuniforms around the temple
• Drums, music, and feasting were done here for religious and political festivals
• sacrifices were down here as people paraded

Question 4

Biblical influence of Babylon

Answer 4

• orientalism and fetishization of Eastern culture and paganism
• Christianity and the bible see themselves as modern and the Middle East as less than
• cnn does a bad job of depicting middle east

Question 5

the divine marriage

Answer 5

• Women would have sex with kings in the temples to say “I am in charge”

Question 6

The reconstructed facade of the Neo-Sumerian Great Ziggurat of UR, Near Nasiriyah, Iraq, The structure is in close proximity to a US military base

Answer 6

• oil wars have brought up the question of who owns these ancient artifacts
• Ur would always be constantly fighting, but now it has gone through multiple rebuilding due to wars.

Question 7

The lion-headed Eagle Imuddged or anzul

Answer 7

-is an incarnation of a deity
-azu appears to grapes two stags simultaneously
- Babylon art seen as religious but has political undertones

Question 8

Old reconstruction of an old temple in babylon

Answer 8

• cult sculptures were made such as votive figures
• temples were made even in wars and fought over who it was

Question 9

Tell al ubaid, temple of nunhursag

Answer 9

• temples were sites for production
• seen as a vast storehouse of goods and the priest or king would decide who would get it
  -coinage was not made yet so this was their currency

Question 10

Votive portrait of Kuril

Answer 10

• idealized portraits of officials who work with the king
  -writing or cuniforms seen on it
  -depicts a man who works for the king

Question 11

Two earliest village settlement (5000 BC)

Answer 11

• bronze age
• these ancient buildings housed political and religious entities
  —the cheif god of Eridu is Enku, the god of wisdom and strenth, who became the god of subterranean sweet water(influenced the temples names as many were name after gods).

Question 12

uruk, 2900 BCE

Answer 12

• Flat roofs allowed for socialization as there was no rain
• probably had 50,000-80,000 residents
• was ransacked and scattered by military forces for loot and food

Question 13

The Mask of Warka, 3100 BCE, from the Eanna district of the city, “lady of Uruk”

Answer 13

• part of the city of uruk
• votive portrait, depicts a priestess who leaves an idealize portrait of herself as a record
• disrupted by wars and tampered by the US in 2003

Question 14

Iraqi Canadian artist

Answer 14

• portrait of the artist
  -refuses to give the western style portraits
  -wants to depict her history and culture
  -manipulates images and ancient objects

Question 15

Adminstrative tablet with a cylindar seal impression of a male figure, hunting dogs and boars, 3100-2900 Hemdet nasar period (Uruk III)

Answer 15

• cuniform
  writing was invented in
  -mesopotamia, abundance of clay tablets was found in urul
• economic document

Question 16

Sheep on top of cinderella seal

Answer 16

-worn on the body
-used to know what ur role was
-depicts a freize with great detail
-associated with the rise of modern history
- has men wearing laced dress feeding animals, animals blended that are seen as hybrids, on the seal
-

Question 17

Seal Amulet in form of a seated womana nd modern impression, 2900 BCE, late Uruk

Answer 17

econonmic and cultural

Question 18

Decorated ewe, limestone from Uruk 300-2900VCE

Answer 18

-stone vas
- veneration of the bull
- lions were very important as it was symbol of kingship, they were rare as they were hunted

Question 19

Work of Vas

Answer 19

• made for rituals for the ziggurats
  -read image from bottom to top
• naked men offering vas can be seen in the middle, at the top women precided at the top, they are not naked as it wasn’t acceptable in that cultural.
• the vas itself can be seen on the top with the king overlooking the scene
  -vas was looted during the iraqi war
  -shows the rise of western civilizations, has a modern signifcants as these objects influenced western world

Question 20

modern impression of a cylinder seal with the king-priest and his acolyte feeding scared herd, late uruk, 3200 BCE

Question 21

Votive relief, Liberation to a vegatation goddess, limestone 2500BCE

Answer 21

• used to record what was going on during that place
  -shows a tree goddess and man in nude (naked men depicts that they are in a tem[le)

Question 22

Votive relief of Dudu, priest of Ningirsu

Answer 22

• diety figure grasping two lions instead of two steads
• this relief was shown to the city as a reminder (propgraganda)

Question 23

Votive Relief of Ur-Nanshe, King of Lagash, Limestone, 2550 BCE

Question 24

One fragment of Victory stele of the king Eannatum of Lagash over Umma

Answer 24

• focus on the masculine body during war
• militaristic society

Question 25

Stella

Answer 25

• stonebulletin board
• used by the king to show his great deads, also used to justify genocide
• celebrates violence and war
  -glorifies masculine elites, shapes and transforms how power is illustrated

Question 26

The royal lion hurt of ashunbanpial, assryian

Answer 26

• 2000 years apart from the stella, but still has the same use

Question 27

victory stele of naram-sin, 2254-2218 BCE, in the time of akkandian, emprires rule over mesompotamoia, Lourve, paris.

Answer 27

• put up by ruler to say “I defended the city”
• looted and transported from one city to another
• ## put in a foreigner temple and moved, shifted, and transformed 1,000 years after it was made.

Question 28

Gilgamesh, 5th ruler of the first dilluvian dynasty of Uruk

Answer 28

• 3000-4000BCE
  -huge libraries were constructed and had one subject such as a ruler. Epics of the ruler
• objects and sculptures were later made to mimic gilgamesh.
  -glorify men, heroes, by idealize portraiture

Question 29

women and marriage votive figures

Answer 29

• women had heicracy lower significance
  -inlaid eyes
• even as votive figures some were shown affectioned

Question 30

Ur

Answer 30

• fragment of a stele of ur nammu,
  —- art was shown in registers
• biblical archaeology to prove the bible. Yet they found something different. They found pu-Abi who had an unlooted grave. shrouded in gold and jewls, they had almost no trauma to the body. Mass death and suicide happened when she died. She enjoyed death in a lavish life and party as she did when she was alive in 2000 BCE
  —colonial class, the archeologists used descendants of ur which is questionable. The archeologists were also looking for the body of Abraham
  —-head of lion made
  —-headress of gold, lapis lazuli, and camelian includes frontlet, with beads and gold rings
  —-old musical objects speaks towards the parties they would have. Specifically girls dancing, laughing, and enjoying parties.
  —-Detail of the “peace” from the standard of Ur
  ———masculine banqueting scene with no women at all. Political propraganda despite girls having major political roles during that time.