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Old Exams Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Connective tissue that connects bone to bone.

A

Ligament

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2
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds the muscle Cell

A

Endomysium

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3
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds the muscle

A

Epimysium

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4
Q

Connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

A

Tendon

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5
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds muscle bundles

A

Endomysium

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6
Q

Considered the contractile unit of striated muscle

A

sarcomere

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7
Q

Muscle cell

A

myofiber

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8
Q

Muscle cell membrane

A

sarcolemma

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9
Q

Organelle unique to muscle tissure

A

myofibril

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10
Q

Composed of thick and thin filaments

A

myofilament

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11
Q

In terms of contractile proteins, the H zone contains

A

myosin and actin

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12
Q

In terms of contractile proteins, the A Band contains

A

Only myosin

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13
Q

In terms of contractile proteins the I band contains

A

only actin

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14
Q

List two muscle contractile proteins

A

Myosin and Actin

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15
Q

List two muscle regulatory proteins

A

troponin and tropomyosin

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16
Q

List three muscle cytoskeleton proteins

A

Titin, Nebulin, and C protein

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17
Q

List four major nutrients found in muscle, that meat is considered a good source.

A

Protein, Iron, Vitamin B, Zinc

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18
Q

Explain how striated muscle cells become multi-nucleated.

A

Cell fuse together and overlap to become muscle fiber and in a muscle they become multi - nucleated.

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19
Q

What is the cervical ligament composed of that makes it so elastic?

A

is a cable like structure of elastin that hold the neck of ruminant animals.

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20
Q

Give the repeating amino acid sequence in collagen?

A

X - Glycine - Proline - Hydroxiproline - Glycine - X

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21
Q

T or F. The sarcolemma is a bi - layer phospholipid membrane.

A

True

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22
Q

T or F. Myogenic cells are differentiated in the embryonic phase of skeletal muscle development.

A

True

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23
Q

T or F. Collagen is most abundant protein in the animal body.

A

True

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24
Q

T or F. Myotubes are immature muscle fibers

A

True

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25
Q

T or F. Sarcomere length is constant

A

False

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26
Q

T or F. Synapes are formed when an axon ending of one neuron interdigitates with the dendrite of another neuron.

A

True

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27
Q

T or F. Intermolecular collagen cross linkages decrease as an animal ages

A

False

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28
Q

T or F. The sarcomlemma is composed of lipid material and protein.

A

True

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29
Q

T or F. Muscles can only contract

A

True

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30
Q

T or F. Myoblasts have the ability to fuse with one another

A

True

31
Q

T or F. Proline is the most abundant amino acid in collagen.

A

False. Glycine

32
Q

T or F. Increased intermolecular collagen cross linkages correlate with increase toughness.

A

True

33
Q

BSE

A

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

34
Q

HRI

A

Hotel Restaurant Institution

35
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

36
Q

CNS

A

Central Nervous System

37
Q

myomesium, M - protein, and skelemin

A

M line

38
Q

Double headed contractile protein

A

Myosin

39
Q

Axon ending one neuron interdigitating with dendrites of another

A

Synapse

40
Q

Small cytoplasmic vesicles containing protease

A

Lysosomes

41
Q

anchors myosin to Z disk

A

Titin

42
Q

nervous system consisting of brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

43
Q

Monomeric form of actin

A

G - actin

44
Q

Protein responsible for meat color

A

myoglobin

45
Q

holds actin filaments in 3D array

A

Z disk

46
Q

Extends from a band to Z disc extending the entire length of the thin filament

A

Nebulin

47
Q

Flattened reservoirs that store Ca++

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

48
Q

extends the length of F - actin occluding the myosin binding site

A

tropomyosin

49
Q

encircles the thick filament

A

C - protein

50
Q

contains the glycolytic enzymes

A

Sarcoplasm

51
Q

long cylindrical nervous tissue structure

A

axon

52
Q

enzymes found in lysosomes

A

cathespsins

53
Q

ensheaths peripheral nerve fibers

A

Schwan cells

54
Q

fibrous form of actin

A

F - actin

55
Q

Cell membrane surrounding the muscle fiber and composed of protein and lipid material

A

sarcolemma

56
Q

contains organelles and inclusion and is the cytoploasm of muscle cells is?

A

sarcoplasm

57
Q

Botulism is caused by

A

blocking achetylcholine

58
Q

Serves as a lubricant in joint and is a glycosaminoglycan

A

Hyaluronic acid

59
Q

ATPase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes

A

ATP

60
Q

Cholinesterase in an enzyme that hydrolyzes

A

Acetylcholine

61
Q

Collagen intermolecular cross - linkage

A

Lead to insolubility of collagen fibers, Increase with age, affect meat tenderness

62
Q

Water, protein, carbohydrate, and lipid make up approximately what percent of live mammalian skeletal muscle, respectively.

A

78, 18.5, 1, 3

63
Q

A defect in which of the following proteins causes the disease known as muscular dystrophy?

A

Dystrophin

64
Q

Circulates continuously, passes through all tissue organs, and lymph nodes, helps transport absorbed fatty acid

A

Lymph

65
Q

Results in twice as many muscle fibers

A

Doubling muscling genotype

66
Q

Results in hypertrophy of the hindeg, also means beautiful buttocks, results in tougher meat products, and is developed in sheep.

A

Callipyge genotype

67
Q

What is the viscous substance that serves to lubricate juxtaposed joint surfaces?

A

Hyaluronic acid

68
Q

Synthetic somatotropin is used to…

A

Increase leaness

69
Q

The two calcium channel proteins involved in regulating calcium during depolarization of the T - tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum are…

A

Dihydropyridine receptor and ryanodine receptor

70
Q

T or F. The sarcolemma is a bi - layer phospholipid membrane.

A

True

71
Q

T or F. Myogenic cells are differentiated in the embryonic phase of skeletal muscle development.

A

True

72
Q

T or F. Collagen is the most abundant protein in the animal body.

A

True

73
Q

This is due to Lack of ATP in post - mortem muscle and formation of actin - myosin cross - bridges

A

Rigor Mortis

Meat Science (6 decks)

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