Old Cap Flashcards
During CPR, when should the rescuer palpate the patient’s pulse to determine return of effective heartbeat?
ONLY if patient responds with purposeful movement
What does this describe: a mid diastolic murmur best heard at apex with patient in left lateral position?
mitral stenosis
Displaced apex beat and radiation to left axilla suggests which murmur?
mitral regurgitation
What kind of MI is one in leads V2-5?
anterior
What kind of MI is one in leads V1-3?
anteroseptal
What kind of inflammation can be seen on bronchial biopsy of an asthmatic?
chronic eosinophillic mucosal inflammation
Is haeoglobin a tetramer?
Yes
Do ACE I’s improve survival in Congestive Heart Failure?
Yes
What does cap refill indicate?
A problem with the patient’s peripheral circulation
What should you give to a lady on warfarin for AF with an upper GI bleed?
prothrombin complex concentrate
What should you give to a lady with chronic liver disease who’s coagulation has not improved with IV vitamin K?
fresh frozen plasma
Branching to give terminal bronchioles occurs during which stage of lung maturation?
pseudoglandular
What are part of the respiratory tree with no cartilage in its walls?
bronchioles
What is closed when the vocal cords are adducted?
glottis
Which parts of the larynx are palpable?
thyroid, cricoid and hyoid
Which artery is located inferior to the retroinguinal space?
femoral
Branches from which artery supply the major muscle of inspiration?
thoracic aorta
Blockage of which artery could result in ischaemia of the midgut?
superior mesenteric artery
For intermittent dysphagia in oesophagitis give what treatment?
PPI
What should be done for a man with vomiting and dysphagia to solids in whom a tight benign peptic stricture is seen at endoscopy?
balloon oesophageal dilatation
For a man with a history of alcohol and tense distended abdomen with shifting dullness, what should be done?
paracentesis
What is the treatment for PBC and itch?
uresodeoxycholic acid
Treatment for autoimmune hepatitis?
prednisolone
What investigation should be carried out for a patient with anaemia and no other symptoms?
colonoscopy
What investigation should be carried out for a man with anaemia, weight loss and early satiety?
gastroscopy
What investigation should be carried out for a backpacker who has travelled through Russia for several months, who has anaemia?
distal duodenal biopsy (could be Giardiasis or Coeliac Disease)
How is E.coli diagnosed?
stool culture
Which microbe discovered in 2001 is shown to be a common cause of bronchiolitis?
metapneumovirus
What is a microbe with the potential to cause pandemics?
Influenza A (among others)
What is a cause of pneumonia linked to sheep contact?
Coxiella Burnetti
What is the recommended intervention in a conscious choking baby?
chest thrusts
What is the equation for MAP?
diastolic pressure + 1/3(systolic-diastolic)
What is the most likely cause of anaemia and weight loss?
Coeliac Disease
Which investigation is used to screen for Coeliac Disease?
TTG
Which investigation is used to confirm Coeliac Disease?
distal duodenal biopsy
Which investigation should be carried out in a man with malabsorption who has had surgery for a perforated duodenal ulcer?
glycocholic breath tests
What is white hair associated with?
pernicious anaemia
What test should be carried out for a white haired woman of 68 with macrocytic anaemia?
Schilling’s test
Which antiobiotic is normally given in a COPD exacerbation?
amoxicillin
Which antibiotic is used to treat resistant pseudomonas?
ciprofloxacin
Which anthropometric measurement is the best predictor of cardiovascular risk factor?
waist circumference
What forms the nasal septum along with the vomer bone?
perpendicular plate of ethmoid
What articulates with parietal bones at the coronal suture?
frontal bone
What contributes to the base of the skull and is an attachment point for 2 muscles of mastication?
sphenoid bone
What is the commonest cause of food poisoning?
campylobacter
What causes HUS?
E.coli 0157
What investigation should be carried out for recurrent malaena, central abdo pain and previous normal gastroscopy?
Meckel’s scan
Which investigation should be carried out for an African boy with recurrent acute severe abdominal pain?
FULL blood count (to check for sickle cell disease)
What investigation sohuld be done for a man with AF and post prandial pain who develops an acute abdomen?
CT angiogram (may be gut ischaemia)
What is gastrulation?
formation of germ layers
What is the cause for most congenital abnormalities?
Unknown
What causes the rising phase of depolarisation in ventricular muscle cells?
fast sodium influx
Name a circumstance when soap and water is preferable to alcohol gel.
Holding bowl for patient who is vomiting
What should be given as a 7 day course at home after acute breathlessness in an asthmatic patient following a cold?
oral prednisolone
What could be given in a patient with acute asthma while waiting for the anaesthetist?
IV magnesium or IV aminophylline
What change results in a right shift of oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve?
decreased pH
How can you differentiate between type 1 or 2 respiratory failure?
do ABG measurement
How can you differentiate between COPD or asthma?
do spirometry
How can you differentiate between mild or moderate CAP?
measure respiratory rate (i.e. determine CURB score)
Which nerve allows you to raise your eyebrows?
facial nerve
Which nerve supplies somatic sensory nerve fibres to the skin of your face?
trigeminal nerve
Which nerve innervates muscle responsible for adduction of vocal cords?
vagus nerve
What is the commonest cause of renal failure in children under 5?
E.colie 0157
What is treatment for C.Diff?
Oral vancomycin
What transports blood from the spleen and bowel processed by the liver to the IVC?
hepatic vein
What is the most inferior of the paired anterolateral branches of the abdominal aorta?
gonadal
What do Health Start Vitamins for pregnant women reduce the prevalence of?
rickets/osteomalacia
Which hepatitis is only seen with another hep virus?
D
Which cells are increased in patients with strep infections?
neutrophils
Which cells are increased in patients with a rash following starting a new anti hypertensive medication?
eosinophils
Which cells would be increased in a doctor with an Influenza A infection?
lymphocytes (lymphocytosis is often linked to viral infections)
