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biology unit 1 > old > Flashcards

old Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

definition of absorption

A

The movement of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the intestine into the blood

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2
Q

what is a enzyme

A

a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body

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3
Q

role of epiglottis

A

to ensure that food goes through the right tube

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4
Q

definition pepsin

A

an enzyme in the stomach that breaks down protein

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5
Q

role of gastric mucus

A

to protect the walls of the stomach from acid made by the epithelial cells and glandular cells

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6
Q

what does your stomach turn food into

A

chyme

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7
Q

role of small intestine

A

to absorb nutrients of food

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8
Q

role of villi

A

villi absorb the nutrients that enter the small intestine

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9
Q

role of liver

A

the liver produces bile that metabolizes proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.

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10
Q

role of gallbladder

A

the organ that stores bile

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11
Q

role of pancreas

A

secrets pancreatic juice and insulin that help break down proteins, starches, and fats

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12
Q

definition of large intestine

A

the large intestine absorbs water and is the transportation system that leads to the anus

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12
Q

definition of large intestine

A

the large intestine absorbs water and is the transportation system that leads to the anus

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13
Q

role of rectum

A

stores waste

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14
Q

role of anus

A

pushes out the toxic waste

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15
Q

what do proteins break down into

A

they break down into amino acid

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16
Q

what do starches break down into

A

they breakdown into glucose

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17
Q

what do lipids break down into

A

fatty acid

18
Q

what movment is taken up by the esophgus

A

peristalsis movement

19
Q

what is a enzyme

A

an enzyme is a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body

20
Q

role of the epiglottis

A

a flap that ensures that food goes through the esophagus

21
Q

what action does the epiglottis do to ensure that food goes down the esophagus

A

opens and closes its flaps to let food through

22
Q

what movement does the esophagus do

A

peristalsis movement

23
Q

role of pepsin

A

an enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach

24
Q

what protects the walls of the stomach

A

gastric mucus

25
Q

what type of cells secrete gastric mucus

A

epithelial and glandular cells

26
Q

what does the stomach turn food into

A

chyme

27
Q

what makes the small intestine small

A

its small diameter

28
Q

what absorbs the nutrients in the small intestine

A

the ville

29
Q

how do villi absorb nutrients rapidly

A

they have large surface area that allows them to absorb nutrients rapidly

30
Q

role of the liver

A

production of bile

31
Q

role of bile

A

breaks down carbs, proteins,and fats

32
Q

role of the enzyme lipase

A

to further break down nutrients into smaller pieces

33
Q

role of gallbladder

A

stores bile

34
Q

role of the pancreas

A

produces pancreatic juice and insulin

35
Q

what is the role of pancreatic juice

A

to help break down protein, starch, and fat

35
Q

what is the role of insulin

A

the role of insulin is to regulate the body’s use of sugar

36
Q

role of large intestine

A

to abosrb the remaining water left

37
Q

role of rectum

A

storage of waste and sends signals that alert the brain that the rectum is full

38
Q

role of anus

A

the excreation of the waste

39
Q

what biological molecule does protease break down

A

the protease enzyme breaks down protein molecules

40
Q

what biological molecule does amylase break down

A

the amylase enzyme breaks down starch molecules

41
Q

what biological molecule does lipase break down

A

the lipase enzyme breaks down fat molecules

biology unit 1 (8 decks)

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