ol Flashcards
What is the branch of applied mechanics that deals with the behavior of solid bodies under loading?
Strength of materials
Also known as Mechanics of materials or Mechanics of deformable bodies.
What is the principal objective of strength of materials?
To determine the stresses, strains, and displacements in structures due to loads acting on them.
What is normal stress and how is it denoted?
Normal stress is the stress acting on a cross section and is denoted by the Greek letter σ (sigma).
What is the formula for normal stress?
σ = P/A
What happens to normal stresses when a bar is stretched?
They are tensile stresses (+ve); if the forces are reversed, they become compressive stresses (-ve).
What is shear stress?
Stress that acts perpendicular to the main axis of the member, often occurring in transverse loads.
What is bearing stress?
Contact stresses developed when a bar and clevis press against a bolt in a connection.
How is average bearing stress calculated?
σb = Fb/Ab
What is the difference between single shear and double shear?
In single shear, V = P; in double shear, V = P/2.
What is the factor of safety (FS)?
The ratio of actual strength to required strength, ensuring safety against structural failure.
What is the formula for allowable stress?
Allowable stress = Ultimate strength / Factor of safety (FS).
What is strain?
Deformation resulting from a load, changing the initial shape of an object.
What is normal strain and how is it calculated?
Normal strain is the elongation per unit length, calculated as ε = ΔL/L.
What is shear strain?
The measure of distortion or change in shape of an element due to shearing forces.
What is Hooke’s Law?
Within the elastic region, stress is directly proportional to strain, expressed as σ = Eε.
What is the modulus of elasticity (E)?
A measure of stiffness of a material; higher E indicates a stiffer material.
What is yield stress?
The stress at which a material begins to deform plastically, corresponding to the yield point.
What is ultimate stress?
The maximum stress a material can withstand before failure, occurring at the ultimate point.
