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Test Number 4 > Ok > Flashcards

Ok Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most superficial layer to deep from spinal cord CNS?

A

Meninges (all matar)

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2
Q

Which one is a loose fitting sheath and is thick with membrane that is dense and irregular ?

A

Dura mater

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3
Q

It’s a small space between vertebral bones and dura matter

A

Epidural space, contains blood vessels, loose connective tissue

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4
Q

Adhering to dura and separate from piba

A

Arachnoid matter

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5
Q

Which one is filled with CSF?

A

Subarachnoid space

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6
Q

It’s a transparent membrane and counters of spinal cord continues inferiority as a fibrous terminal fluid

A

Pía Mater

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7
Q

How many spinal nerves are there ?

A

31

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8
Q

How many sections are divided into the Median and posterior fissure

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral

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9
Q

Inferior point of cord in L1

A

Medullary cone

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10
Q

Nerve roots that occupy the ventral canal from L2 - S5

A

Cauda equina

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11
Q

Grey matter contains what?

A

Neuron cell bodies, dendrites and has no color

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12
Q

White matter is composed with

A

They have axons, myelin and its a pearly white

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13
Q

They have cell bodies of motor neurons and sympathetic nervous system

A

Anterior (ventral) horns

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14
Q

Has bundle of nerves and is subdivided into fascículo or tracts

A

White matter

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15
Q

What are the 6 spinal tracts

A

Ascending, descending, decussation, contralateral, ipsilsteral, proprioception

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16
Q

Ascending tracts are always

A

Afferent sensory

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17
Q

Descending tracts are always

A

Efferent motor

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18
Q

How many sensory signals does ascending tracts travel

A

3

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19
Q

How many signals do efferent motor travel across?

A

2 only targets muscle and gland

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20
Q

What disease destroys motor neurons and the anterior spinal cord

A

Poliomyelitis

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21
Q

What disease Fails to reabsorb neurotransmitters glutamate from tissue fluid and accumulates to toxic levels

A

ALS or Lou Gehrig disease

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22
Q

Spinal nerves anatomy

A

Nerve fibers in PNS are surrounded by Shawn cells, they form neurolemma and myelin sheath
2. Endoneurin (lose connective tissue)
3. Perineurin (layer/overlapping squamous cells and wrap fascicles)
4. Epineurin ( irregular connective tissue that wraps around blood vessels and tissue covering

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23
Q

The nervous system does what

A

Utilize neurons to send messages from cell to cell by electrical means

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24
Q

What steps does the CNS need in order to make a electric and chemical signal

A

Sensory (sound, touch, smell, vision etc)
Process sensory input and response
Commands- muscle and gland to act

25
Q

Which subdivision does the nervous system have

A

CNS (brain and spinal cord)’
PNS ( nerves and ganglia)

26
Q

What are the three properties neurons have

A

Excitability (respond and stimuli)
conductivity (conduct other cells)
secretion (signal reaches end of axon) has a neurotransmitter

27
Q

The three functional classes of neurons are

A

Sensory (afferent)
Inter neurons
Motor (efferent)

28
Q

They receive signals form other neurons

A

Dendrites

29
Q

They are long, cylindrical, unbranched, give off axon collaterals, they also conduct nerve signals

A

Axon (nerve fiber)

30
Q

They either have Shawn cells (PNS) or Oligodendrocytes (CNS)

A

Myelin sheath

31
Q

One axon and multiple dendrites

A

Multipolor neuron

32
Q

One axon, one dendrite

A

Bipolar neuron

33
Q

It’s leading away from cell body into CNS and PNS

A

Unipolar neuron

34
Q

Has a lot of dendtrites and no axon

A

Anaxonic

35
Q

Moves away from the cell body down axon by kinesin

A

Anterograde

36
Q

Up the axon, returning toward the cell body by dynein

A

Retrograde transport

37
Q

transports organelles, enzymes and synaptic vesicles

A

Fast anterograde

38
Q

What are the transport for recycled material?

A

Fast anterograde

39
Q

What is the stop and go?

A

0.2-0.5 mm/day

40
Q

How many neurons are in the adult brain?

A

86 billion

41
Q

Myelin sheaths around axons in CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

42
Q

They secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Ependymal cells

43
Q

Most abundant glial cell

A

Astrocytes

44
Q

What are the two type of supportive glial cells

A

Schwann or satellite cells

45
Q

Neurons have very little to no capacity from what

A

For mitosis and seldom from tumor

46
Q

What is a brain tumor

A

Meninges and nonneuronal tumors in other organs

47
Q

Myelination in the PNS has

A

They have Schwann cells that have small section of a single axon, they have bout 100 layers of membrane

48
Q

Thick outer most layer of myelin and contains Schwann cells nucleus

A

Neurolemma

49
Q

Several processes that wrap around small portions of many exons and immediate vicinity

A

Oligodendrocyte

50
Q

Both PNS and CNS need …. to myelinate one axon

A

Schwan cells (PNS) and oligodendrocytes (CNS)

51
Q

The gap between segments

A

Node of ranvier

52
Q

Myelin covered segments

A

Inter nodal segments

53
Q

Bare sections of axons between the axon hillock and the first glial cell

A

Initial segments

54
Q

Axon hillock and initial segment

A

Trigger zone

55
Q

What is multiple sclerosis

A

The oligodendtrocytes and myelin sheaths deteriorate, hard scar tissue and conduction disruption

56
Q

What us Tay-Sachs disease

A

Hereditary disorder seen in mainly Jewish or eastern erupean Jewish ancestry
Cause blindness , dementia
Myelin sheath has a missing enzyme that degrades GM2

57
Q

In a motor function what kind of plexus is there

A

No thoracic plexus

58
Q

Cervical plexus key actions

A

Neck and innervates the diaphragm, enabling breathing

59
Q

Brachial Plexus

A

Shoulder, neck, arm and funny bone and carpal tunnel syndrome

Test Number 4 (1 decks)

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