Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Orthobullets > OITE - Spine > Flashcards

OITE - Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Smallest pedicle diameter in Lumbar spine?

A

L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which pedicle screws are the most medial pointing?

A

Sacral screws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is neurologic level?

A

Lowest segment were sensory and motor function are normal on both sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ASIA E?

A

Motor and sensory is normal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ASIA B?

A

“Barely anything” - sensory but no motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ASIA C

A

More than half of the muscles have a grade 3 or less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ASIA D

A

More than half of key muscles are grade 3 or more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Spinal shock, bulbo-cavernous reflex present or absence?

A

Absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Spinal shock, define. 3 items

A
  • Flaccid areflexic paralysis
  • Bradycardia and hypotension
  • Absent bulbocavernous reflex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What percent of SCI patients suffer from MDD (depression)?

A

11%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in acute stage following SCI?

A

Bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Contraindications to high dose prednisone in acute SCI?

A
  • GSW
  • Pregnancy
  • Under 13 yo
  • > 8 hrs after injury
  • Brachial plexus injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Loading dose for high dose methylprednisone? Drip?

A

1) Load 30mg/kg over 1st hour
2) Drip 5.4 mg/kg/hr
- for 23 hr if started less 3hr after injury, -for 47h if >3h after injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Functional electrical stimulation in rehab of SCI, has greatest functional effect on what?

A

Skeletal muscle activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In the lateral corticospinal tract, UE or LE is more medial in the cord?

A

The UE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Central cord syndrome? Prognosis?

A
  • UE motor (hands worse than arms) worse than LE

- Good prognosis, bowel bladder function will return, residual hand clumsiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In Central Cord syndrome, which tract is injured contributing to the greatest motor function deficits?

A

Lateral corticospinal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Brown-Sequard SCI, motor and sensory findings?

A
  • Ipsilateral deficit in LCS tract (motor) and dorsal column (deep touch)
  • Contralateral deficit in LST (pain/temp)
  • Usually due to a penetrating injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Os Odontodieum with neuro deficits, treatment?

A

Posterior C1-C2 fusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is atlanto-axial instability? Adult causes?

A
  • C1 on C2 instability
  • Degenerative: Downs, RA, Os odontoideum
  • Traumautic: Type 1 odontoid fx, atlas fx, TL injuries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Type 1 odontoid fx typically a result of which ligament avulsion?

A

Alar ligament

22
Q

Which Type odontoid fx is at watershed area?

A

Type 2 odontoid fx, sit below transverse ligament

23
Q

Which type of odontoid fx involves the C1-2 facet?

A

Type 3 odontoid fx. Heals well

24
Q

Which ondontoid fx do you treat with cervical orthosis?

A

Type 1 and Type 3

25
Q

How do you treat type 2 odontoid fx?

A

1) Young pt, and if risk factors for nonunion - SURGERY

2) Young pt, if no risk factors for non-union - HALO

26
Q

What are risk factors for non-union for Type 2 odontoid?

A
  • > 5mm displacement (posterior displacement)
  • fx comminution
  • angulation >10 deg
  • age >50 - delay in treatment
27
Q

In atlas and TL lig injuries, what can you treat with hard collar?

A
  • Stable Type 1 fx (intact TL)
  • Stable Jefferson fx (type 2) (intact TL)
  • Stable Type 3 fx (intact TL)
28
Q

Halo vest is most effective at controlling which spinal motion?

A

Atlanto-axial rotation

29
Q

What are 3 possible neurologic complication with halo traction? Most common?

A
  • Abducen nerve palsy (most common) - deficit in lateral gaze
  • Supraorbital nerve palsy
  • Supratrochlear nerve plasy
30
Q

In Which patients is laminoplasty alone contraindicated?

A

Rigid cervical kyphosis of > 13 deg

31
Q

Most common post-operative complication for cervical myelopathy?

A
  • Postop C5 palsy (equivalent with posterior and anterior)

- Biceps weakness

32
Q

Which pedicle has smallest diameter overall?

A

T4

33
Q

Complications of surgical tx of cervical radiculopathy?

A
  • Pseudoarthrosis (5 to 10% single level, 30% multilevel)
  • Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
  • Hypoglossal nerve injury
34
Q

Higher or lower fusion rate, in cervical spine posterior fusion revision surgery (done for pseudoarthrosis)?

A

higher fusion rate

35
Q

Difference between nerve root anatomy cervical vs lumbar

A
  • C8 and above pedicle/nerve root mismatch

- horizontal anatomy cervical nerve root, vertical anatomy lumbar nerve root

36
Q

What are Waddel’s signs?

A

Look for malingering (non organic back pain). Look for 3

  • superficial non anatomic tenderness, -neg SLR with patient distraction, -pain with axial compression or simulated rotation of spine
  • lower extremity numbness in a non-dermatomal pattern
37
Q

What is pelvic incidence?

A

PI = PT + SS

38
Q

is pelvic incidence a fixed or changing parameter?

A

Fixed paramater you are born with

39
Q

In adult spinal deformity, what is most reliable indicator for decrease in overall disability?

A

Correcting sagittal vertical axis (SVA), to within 5 cm of neutral.

40
Q

Risks of pseudoarthrosis in correction of adult spinal deformity?

A
  • Smoking
  • Kyphosis >20deg
  • Hip OA, +ve Sag Balance >5cm
  • age > 55, -incomplete sacro-pelvic fixation
41
Q

Juvenile Ankylosing spondylitis features?

A

Enthesitis, kyphosis, sacroilitis, spinal stiffness, syndesmophytes

42
Q

Reiter Syndrome mnemonic?

A 
Cant see (uveitis)
Cant pee (urethritis)
Cant climb up a tree (arthritis)
43
Q

Pseudosubluxation of cervical spine, what is Swischuk’s line?

A

Draw spinolamellar lines of C1-3.

Spinolaminar point on C2 should be within 1.5mm of that line

44
Q

Pseudosubluxation of cervical spine, most common location? second most common?

A

C2 on C3 most common

C3 on C4 is second most common

45
Q

AARD (atlanto-axial rotatory displacement)?

A
  • Is a common cause of childhood torticollis
  • mild subluxation to fixed facet dislocation
  • trauma or retropharyngeal irritation (Grisel’s disease)
46
Q

What is the tx for AARD (Grisel’s), that persists for 1 week? 1 month? 3 month?

A

1wk - halter traction and bracing
1 month - halo
3 month - operative

47
Q

What is Klippel-Feil syndrome?

A

Congenital cervical fusion with triad of

  • low posterior hairline
  • short webbed neck
  • limited neck motion
48
Q

How to measure sagittal imbalance (sagittal vertical axis offset)?

A

C7 plumb line (dropped from centre of C7 v body), to postero-superior corner of S1 v body on standing lateral.

49
Q

Pathologic scoliosis, causes?

A
  • osteoid osteoma

- osteoblastoma

50
Q

Osteoid osteoma?

A
  • Occur in apex of concavity of the curve
  • curves are typically rigid
  • can occur in vertebral body or posterior elements
  • same histology as peripheral skeletal lesions
51
Q

What is the risks with reduction of L5-S1 spondylolistheiss?

A

L5 most common nerve root injury with reduction

52
Q

Treatment of L1-L4 pars interarticularis defect? L5-S1?

A

L1-4: Pars repair.

L5-S1: fusion

Orthobullets (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions