OIT ABA511 Vocab - Dr Bailey Flashcards
A schedule according to which reinforcers are presented contingent on the first response emitted following an interval of a constant time period.
Fixed interval schedule
A schedule according to which reinforcers are presented contingent on the first response emitted following the completion of intervals averaging a specific time period.
Variable interval schedule
Any enduring change in behavior produced as a function of the interaction between the behavior and the environment.
Learning
A restriction placed on an interval schedule requiring that to be eligible for reinforcement, the primed response (the first response following termination of the required interval) must occur within a specific span of time following that interval.
Limited hold
A description of a phenomenon according to which organisms distribute their responses according to the proportion of payoff during choice situations.
Matching law
Antecedent events that (a) change the value of the consequence, or, (b) along with the immediate discriminative stimulus (SD), may alter the relative frequency or probability of behavior.
Motivating operation
A schedule of reinforcement requiring a specific number of responses be emitted for reinforcement.
Fixed ratio schedule
The reinforcer is presented on a fixed-time (FT) or variable-time (VT) schedule of reinforcement, regardless of the client’s actions at the time.
Noncontingent reinforcement
The strength (e.g., rate or duration) of behavior prior to any known or designed conditioning.
Operant level
A reductive procedure composed of a relevant and educative form of contingent exertion.
Overcorrection
Requires the individual to restore the environment to a state substantially improved from that which existed prior to the act.
Restitution
Requires the individual repeatedly to practice a positive alternative behavior.
Positive practice
The simplest theory that fits the facts of a problem is the one that should be evaluated before moving to a more complex explanation
Parsimony
The extent to which a learner continues to perform the target behavior after a portion or all of the intervention has been removed.
Maintenance
A stimulus, such as an object or event, that follows or is presented as a consequence of a response and results in the rate of that response increasing or maintaining.
Positive reinforcer
An event occurring contingent on a response that decreases the future probability of the response.
Punishment
A process in which a behavior is strengthened as a function of an event that occurs as a consequence of, or contingent on, the response.
Reinforcement
A specific behavioral consequence, the addition of which functions, to increase or maintain the rate of a behavior
Reinforcer
To repeat or duplicate an experimental procedure, usually to demonstrate its reliability by reproducing the results.
Replication
The composite set of behaviors controlled by a particular reinforcing or punishing event.
Response class
A reductive procedure in which a specified quantity of available reinforcers are contingently withdrawn following the response, resulting in a decrease in the rate of the response.
Response cost
The recurrence of previously reinforced behavior when a target, or dominant, behavior is placed on extinction.
Resurgence
The rule followed by the environment that determines which among the many occurrences of a response will be reinforced.
Schedule of reinforcement
Stimuli that control behavior differentially, after having been present reliably when a response either has been reinforced, placed on extinction, or punished.
Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
An antecedent stimulus in the presence of which a given response is not likely to be reinforced.
Stimulus-Delta (s-delta)
In respondent conditioning of reflexes, a verb used to denote the effect of an antecedent conditioned or unconditioned stimulus on a conditioned or unconditioned response.
Elicit
A verb that describes the occurrence of an operant behavior.
Emit
The context in which the behavior occurs.
Environment
Practices, programs, or procedures scientifically demonstrated to be effective with like populations.
Evidence-based practices
A theory that all forms of life naturally and continually evolve as a result of the interaction between function and the survival value of the function.
Selectionism
A scientific method designed to discover the functional relation between behavior and the variables that control it.
Experimental analysis of behaviour
The diminished rate (or eventual total absence) of a behavior, resulting from the discontinuation of reinforcement contingent on a particular target behavior.
Extinction
A predictable, temporary increase in the rate, variability, and intensity of an array of (presumably previously reinforced) responses.
Extinction burst
Includes the following elements: motivating or establishing operations, antecedent stimuli (discriminative stimuli), responses (behaviors), and consequences.
Four term contingency
A lawful relation between values of two variables.
Functional relation
The spread of effects to other classes of behavior, when one class of behavior is modified by reinforcement, extinction, and so on. The shift in the form or topography of a behavior.
Response generalization
The occurrences of the response in the presence of antecedent stimuli sharing certain characteristics with those previously correlated with reinforcement.
Stimulus generalization
Effective for a wide range of behaviors as a result of having been paired with a variety of previously established reinforcers (primary and conditioned).
Generalized reinforcer
A schedule of reinforcement in which some, but not all, of the occurrences of a response are reinforced.
Intermittent reinforcement
Statement that contingent access to higher-probability behavior (“preferred activities”) reinforces lower-probability behavior
Premack principle
A stimulus that, when presented immediately following a response, effects a reduction in the rate of the response.
Punisher
A specific or combination of physical objects or events, (stimuli), which affect the behavior of an individual.
Stimulus
A group of antecedent stimuli that have a common effect on an operant class.
Stimulus class
The process that enables an antecedent to gain control over one or more particular behaviors as a function of the individual’s experience of response-consequence correlation in the presence of that antecedent.
Stimulus control
A philosophic position asserting that the truth value of a statement is determined by how well it promoted effective action
Pragmatism
A procedure in which access to varied sources of reinforcement is removed or reduced for a particular time period contingent on an unwanted response, for the purpose or reducing the rate of the response.
Time out
Behavior under the control of as rules and instructions, rather than behavior shaped by reinforcing or aversive consequences.
Rule governed behaviour
A statement of the anticipated outcome of a presently unknown or future measurement.
Prediction
A form of behaviorism that attempts to understand all human behavior, including private events such as thoughts & feelings in terms of controlling variables in the history of the person and species.
Radical behaviourism
The objective observation of the phenomena of interest.
Empiricism
A schedule of reinforcement requiring a varying number of responses for reinforcement.
Variable ratio schedule
An attitude that the truthfulness and validity of all scientific theory should be continually questioned.
Philosophic doubt
The specified dependencies or relations between behavior and its antecedents and consequences.
Contingencies
Consists of reinforcing particular behavior(s) of a given class (or form, pattern or topography) while placing those same behaviors on extinction and/or punishing them when they fail to match performance standards or when they occur under inappropriate stimulus conditions.
Differential reinforcement
A response that occurs only when the particular SD is present.
Discriminated operant
A stimulus that precedes or accompanies a behavior and may exert discriminative control over that behavior
Antecedent
It is a system designed to analyze and change behavior in a precisely measurable and accountable manner.
ABA
Repeated measures of the strength or level (e.g., frequency, intensity, rate, duration, or latency) of behavior prior to the introduction of an experimental variable.
Baseline
Any living organism’s directly measurable actions or physical functions, including both saying and doing.
Behavior
