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OINAs Flashcards

1
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior

A

O: Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7, T1-T3
I: Ribs 1-4 lateral to the angle
A: Elevates the upper ribs during inhalation
IN: Ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T1-T4

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2
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior

A

O: Thoracolumbar fascia, spinous processes of T11-T12 and L1-L2
I: Ribs 9-12 lateral to the angle
A: Pulls down the lower ribs during exhalation
IN: Ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T9-T12

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3
Q

Longissimus

A

O: Transverse processes of the inferior vertebrae
I: Transverse processes of superior vertebrae and mastoid process
A: Extends the head, trunk, and neck. Laterally side bends trunk, neck, and head
IN: Dorsal primary rami of C1-S1

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4
Q

Iliocostalis

A

O: Iliac crest and sacrum
I: Angles of the ribs
A: Extends and laterally bends the trunk
IN: Dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C4-S5

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5
Q

Spinalis

A

O: Spinous processes at inferior vertebral levels
I: Spinous processes at superior vertebral levels and base of the skull
A: Extends and laterally bends the head, neck, and trunk
IN: Dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-L3

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6
Q

Multifidus

A

O: Sacrum, transverse processes of C3-L5
I: Spinous processes 2-4 vertebral levels above the origin
A: Extend, laterally side bend, and contralaterally rotate the neck and trunk
IN: Dorsal primary rami C1-L5

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7
Q

Semispinalis

A

O: Transverse processes of T7-T12
I: Capitis: back of the skull between the nuchal lines
Cervicis and Thoracis: Spinous processes 4-6 vertebrae above origin
A: Extends, side bends, and contralaterally rotates the trunk
IN: Dorsal primary rami of C1-T12

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8
Q

Brachialis

A

O: Anterior surface of the lower one-half of the humerus and the associated intermuscular septa
I: Coronoid process of the ulna
A: Flexes the forearm
IN: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6)

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9
Q

Brachioradialis

A

O: Upper two-thirds of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
I: Lateral side of the base of the styloid process of the radius
A: Flexes the elbow, assists in pronation and supination
IN: Radial nerve

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10
Q

Pronator Teres

A

O: Common flexor tendon and (deep or ulnar head) from medial side of coronoid process of the ulna
I: Midpoint of the lateral side of the shaft of the radius
A: Pronates the forearm
IN: Median nerve

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11
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

O: long head - infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Lateral head - posterolateral humerus and lateral intermuscular septum
Medial head - posteromedial surface of the inferior 1/2 of the humerus
I: Olecranon process of the ulna
A: Extends the forearm; the long head extends and adducts the arm
IN: Radial nerve

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12
Q

Anconeus

A

O: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: Lateral side of the olecranon and the upper one-fourth of the ulna
A: Extends the forearm
IN: Nerve to anconeus, from the radial nerve

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13
Q

Supinator

A

O: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, supinator crest and fossa of the ulna, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament
I: Lateral side of proximal one-third of radius
A: Supinates the forearm
IN: Deep radial nerve

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14
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

O: short head - tip of the coracoid process of the scapula
Long head - supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
I: tuberosity of the radius
A: Flexes the forearm, flexes the arm (long head), supinates
IN: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6)

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15
Q

Pronator Quadratus

A

O: Medial side of the anterior surface of the distal one-fourth of the ulna
I: Anterior surface of the distal one-fourth of the radius
A: Pronates the forearm
IN: Median nerve via the anterior interosseous nerve

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16
Q

Trapezius

A

O: medial third of the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7-T12
I: lateral third of the clavicle, the medial side of the acromion, the upper crest of the scapular spine, and the tubercle of the scapular spine
A: Upper - elevation of the scapula
Middle - retraction of the scapula
Lower - depression of the scapula and superior rotation
IN: Motor - spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
Proprioception - C3-C4

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17
Q

Rhomboid Major

A

O: Spinous processes of T2-T5
I: Medial border of the scapula inferior to the spine of the scapula
A: Retracts, elevates, and inferiorly rotates the scapula
IN: Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

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18
Q

Rhomboid Minor

A

O: Inferior portion of the ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of C7 and T1
I: Medial border of the scapula at the root of the spine of the scapula
A: Retracts, elevates, and inferiorly rotates the scapula
IN: Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

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19
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

O: Spinous processes of T7 to the sacrum, lower 3 or 4 ribs, posterior third of the iliac crest, and sometimes from the inferior angle of the scapula
I: Floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
A: Internally rotates, extends, and adducts the arm
IN: Thoracodorsal nerve (C7,8) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

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20
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

O: Transverse processes of C1-C4
I: Medial border of the scapula from the superior angle of the scapula
A: Elevates the scapula
IN: Dorsal scapular nerve (C5), upper part of the muscle receives branches of C3 and C4

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21
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

O: Common flexor tendon from the medial epicondyle of the humerus
I: Base of the second and third metacarpals
A: Flexes the wrist, abducts the hand
IN: Median nerve

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22
Q

Palmaris Longus

A

O: Common flexor tendon, from the medial epicondyle of the humerus
I: Palmar aponeurosis
A: Flexes the wrist
IN: Median nerve

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23
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

O: Common flexor tendon and (ulnar head) from medial border of olecranon and upper 2/3 of the posterior border of the ulna
I: Pisiform, hook of hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal
A: Flexes the wrist, adducts the hand
IN: ulnar nerve

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24
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

O: posterior border of the ulna, proximal two-thirds of medial border of ulna, interosseous membrane
I: base of the distal phalanx of digits 2-5
A: Flexes the metacarpophalangeal proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints
IN: Median nerve (radial one-half); ulnar nerve (ulnar one-half)

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25
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
O: lower one-third of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus I: Dorsum of the second metacarpal bone (base) A: Extends the wrist; abducts the hand IN: Radial nerve
26
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
O: Common extensor tendon (lateral epidcondyle of humerus) I: Dorsum of the third metacarpal bone (base) A: Extends the wrist; abducts the hand IN: Deep radial nerve
27
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
O: common extensor tendon and the middle one-half of the posterior border of the ulna I: medial side of the base of the 5th metacarpal A: extends the wrist; adducts the hand IN: deep radial nerve
28
Extensor Digitorum
O: common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of the humerus) I: extensor expansion of digits 2-5 A: extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the 2nd-5th digits; extends wrist IN: deep radial nerve
29
Extensor Digiti Minimi
O: common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of the humerus) I: joins the extensor digitorum tendon to the 5th digit and inserts into the extensor expansion A: extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the 5th digit IN: deep radial nerve
30
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
O: humeroulnar head: common flexor tendon; radial head: middle 1/3 of radius I: shafts of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5 A: flexes the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints IN: median nerve
31
Abductor Digiti Minimi
O: pisiform I: base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit on its ulnar side A: abducts the 5th digit IN: deep branch of the ulnar nerve
32
Flexor Digiti Minimi
O: hook of hamate and the flexor retinaculum I: proximal phalanx of the 5th digit A: flexes the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the 5th digit IN: ulnar nerve, deep branch
33
Opponens Digiti Minimi
O: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum I: shaft of 5th metacarpal A: opposes the 5th digit IN: ulnar nerve, deep branch
34
Dorsal Interossei 1-4
O: four muscles, each arising from two adjacent metacarpal shafts I: base of the proximal phalanx and the extensor expansion on lateral side of the 2nd digit, lateral and medial sides of the 3rd digit, and medial side of the 4th digit A: flex the metacarpophalangeal joint, extend the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-3, abduct digits 2-4 (abduction of digits in the hand is defined as movement away from the midline of the 3rd digit) IN: ulnar nerve, deep branch
35
Palmar interossei
O: four muscles, arising from the palmar surface of the shafts of metacarpals 1, 2, 4, and 5 (the 1st palmar interosseous is often fused with the adductor pollicis m.) I: base of the proximal phalanx and extensor expansion of the medial side of digits 1 and 2, and lateral side of digits 4 and 5 A: flexes the metacarpophalangeal, extends the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints and adducts digits 1, 2, 4, and 5 (adduction of the digits of the hand is in reference to the midline of the 3rd digit) IN: ulnar nerve, deep branch
36
Lumbricals 1-4
O: flexor digitorum profundus tendons of digits 2-5 I: extensor expansion on the radial side of the proximal phalanx of digits 2-5 A: flex the metacarpophalangeal joints, extend the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5 IN: median nerve (radial 2) via palmar digital nerves and ulnar nerve (ulnar 2) via deep branch
37
Palmaris Brevis
O: Fascia overlying the hypothenar eminence I: Skin of the palm near the ulnar border of the hand A: Draws the skin of the ulnar side of the hand toward the center of the palm IN: Superficial branch of the ulnar nerve
38
Flexor Pollicis Longus
O: anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane I: base of the distal phalanx of the thumb A: flexes the MCP and IP joints of the thumb IN: median nerve
39
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
O: flexor retinaculum, trapezium I: proximal phalanx of the 1st digit A: flexes the carpometacarpal and MCP joints of the thumb IN: recurrent branch of the median nerve
40
Adductor Pollicis
O: oblique head - capitate and base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals transverse head - shaft of the 3rd metacarpal I: base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb A: adducts the thumb IN: ulnar nerve, deep branch
41
Abductor Pollicis Longus
O: middle one-third of the posterior surface of the radius, interosseous membrane, mid-portion of posterolateral ulna I: radial side of the base of the first metacarpal A: abducts the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint IN: radial nerve, deep branch
42
Extensor Pollicis Longus
O: interosseous membrane and middle part of the posterolateral surface of the ulna I: base of the distal phalanx of the thumb A: extends the thumb at the IP joint IN: deep radial nerve
43
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
O: interosseous membrane and the posterior surface of the distal radius I: base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb A: extends the thumb at the MCP joint IN: deep radial nerve
44
Opponens Pollicis
O: flexor retinaculum, trapezium I: shaft of 1st metacarpal A: opposes the thumb IN: recurrent branch of median nerve
45
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
O: flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium I: base of the proximal phalanx of the first digit A: abducts the thumb IN: recurrent branch of median nerve
46
Anterior Scalene
O: anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of vertebrae C3-C6 I: scalene tubercle of the first rib A: elevates the first rib; flexes and laterally bends the neck IN: brachial plexus C5-C7
47
Middle Scalene
O: posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of vertebrae C2-C7 I: upper surface of the first rib behind the subclavian artery A: elevates the first rib; flexes and laterally bends the neck IN: brachial plexus, C3-C8
48
Posterior Scalene
O: posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of vertebrae C5-C7 I: lateral surface of the second rib A: elevates the second rib; flexes and laterally bends the neck IN: brachial plexus, C7-C8
49
Sternocleidomastoid
O: sternal head - anterior surface of the manubrium clavicular head - medial 1/3rd of the clavicle I: mastoid process and lateral 1/2 of the superior nuchal line A: draws the mastoid process down towards the same side which causes the chin to turn up toward the opposite side; acting together, the muscles of the two sides flex the neck IN: spinal accessory nerve (XI), with sensory supply from C2 and C3 (for proprioception)
50
Longus capitis
O: anterior tubercles of vertebrae C3-C6 I: basilar portion of the occipital bone A: flex the head and neck IN: cervical plexus, ventral primary rami of spinal nerves C1-4
51
Longus Colli
O: anterior tubercles and anterior surfaces of the bodies of vertebrae C3-T3 I: anterior arch of atlas, anterior tubercles of C5-6, anterior surfaces of bodies of vertebrae C2-4 A: flex neck, rotate and laterally bend neck IN: cervical and brachial plexus, C2-7
52
Rectus Capitis Anterior
O: lateral mass of atlas I: basilar portion of occipital bone A: flexes the head IN: ventral primary ramus of spinal nerve C1
53
Rectus Capitis Lateralis
O: transverse process of atlas I: occipital bone anterolateral to foramen magnum A: laterally bends the head IN: ventral primary ramus of spinal nerve C1
54
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
O: spinous process of axis I: inferior nuchal line A: extends the head, rotate to the same side IN: suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1)
55
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
O: posterior tubercle of atlas I: inferior nuchal line medially A: extends the head IN: suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1)
56
Superior Oblique (Obliquus Capitis Superior)
O: transverse process of atlas I: occipital bone above inferior nuchal line A: extends the head, rotates the head to the same side IN: suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1)
57
Inferior Oblique (Obliquus Capitis Inferior)
O: spinous process of axis I: transverse process of atlas A: rotates the head to the same side IN: suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1)
58
Supraspinatus
O: supraspinous fossa I: greater tubercle of the humerus A: abducts the arm IN: suprascapular nerve (C5,6) from superior trunk of brachial plexus
59
Infraspinatus
O: infraspinous fossa I: greater tubercle of humerus A: laterally rotates the arm IN: suprascapular nerve
60
Teres Minor
O: upper 2/3 of the lateral border of the scapula I: greater tubercle of the humerus A: laterally rotates the arm IN: axillary nerve (C5, 6) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
61
Subscapularis
O: medial two-thirds of the subscapular fossa I: lesser tubercle of the humerus A: medially rotates the arm; assists extension of the arm IN: upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, 6)
62
Splenius Capitis
O: ligamentum nuchae and spines C7-T6 I: mastoid process and superior nuchal line laterally A: extends and laterally bends neck and head; rotates head to same side IN: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-6
63
Quadratus Lumborum
O: iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of Posterior iliac crest I: Medial half of lower border of 12th rib and tips of transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae A: Fixes the 12th rib to stabilize diaphragm attachments during inspiration. Laterally flexes the vertebral column. Extends lumbar vertebrae. Forms with the contralateral tensor fascia lata and gluteus medius a lateral myofascial sling which aims to maintain frontal plane stability of the pelvis. IN: Subcostal nerve (T12). Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerve (both from L1). Branches from the ventral rami (L2 and L3)
64
Psoas Major
O: bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae I: lesser trochanter of femur (with iliacus) via iliopsoas tendon A: flexes the thigh; flexes and laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column IN: branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4
65
Psoas Minor
O: bodies of the T12 and L1 vertebrae I: iliopubic eminence at the line of junction of the ilium and the superior pubic ramus A: flexes and laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column IN: branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L1-L2
66
Piriformis
O: anterior surface of sacrum I: upper border of greater trochanter of femur A: laterally rotates and abducts thigh IN: ventral rami of S1-S2
67
Obturator Internus
O: the internal surface of the obturator membrane and margin of the obturator foramen I: greater trochanter on its medial surface above the trochanteric fossa A: laterally rotates and abducts the thigh IN: nerve to the obturator internus m.
68
Obturator Externus
O: the external surface of the obturator membrane and the superior and inferior pubic rami I: trochanteric fossa of the femur A: laterally rotates the thigh IN: obturator nerve
69
Gemellus Superior
O: ischial spine I: obturator internus tendon A: laterally rotates the femur IN: nerve to the obturator internus m.
70
Gemellus Inferior
O: ischial tuberosity I: obturator internus tendon A: laterally rotates the femur IN: nerve to the quadratus femoris m.
71
Quadratus Femoris
O: lateral border of the ischial tuberosity I: quadrate line of the femur below the intertrochanteric crest A: laterally rotates the thigh IN: nerve to the quadratus femoris m.
72
Gluteus Maximus
O: posterior gluteal line, posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament I: upper fibers: iliotibial tract; lowermost fibers: gluteal tuberosity of the femure A: extends the thigh: laterally rotates the femur IN: inferior gluteal nerve
73
Gluteus Medius
O: external surface of the ilium between the posterior and anterior gluteal lines I: greater trochanter of the femur A: abducts the femur; medially rotates the thigh IN: superior gluteal nerve
74
Gluteus Minimus
O: external surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines I: greater trochanter of the femur A: abducts the femur; medially rotates the thigh IN: superior gluteal nerve
75
Tensor Fasciae Latae
O: anterior part of the iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine I: iliotibial tract A: flexes, abducts, and medially rotates the thigh IN: superior gluteal nerve
76
Adductor Magnus
O: ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity I: linea aspera of the femur; the ischiocondylar part inserts on the adductor tubercle of the femur A: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur; extends the femur (ischiocondylar part) IN: posterior division of the obturator nerve; tibial nerve (ischiocondylar part)
77
Adductor Longus
O: medial portion of the superior pubic ramus I: linea aspera of the femur A: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur IN: anterior division of the obturator nerve
78
Adductor Brevis
O: inferior pubic ramus I: pectineal line and linea aspera (deep to the pectineus and adductor longus mm.) A: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur IN: anterior division of the obturator nerve
79
Pectineus
O: pecten of the pubis I: pectineal line of the femur A: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the thigh IN: femoral nerve and possibly the anterior division of the obturator nerve
80
Iliacus
O: iliac fossa and iliac crest; ala of sacrum I: lesser trochanter of the femur A: flexes the thigh; if the thigh is fixed it flexes the pelvis on the thigh IN: femoral nerve
81
Extensor Hallicus Longus
O: middle half of the anterior surface of the fibula and the interosseous membrane I: base of the distal phalanx of the great toe A: extends the metatarsophalangeal interphalangeal joints of the great toe IN: deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
82
Extensor Digitorum Longus
O: lateral condyle of the tibia, anterior surface of the fibula, lateral portion of the interosseous membrane I: dorsum of the lateral 4 toes via extensor expansions (central slip inserts on base of middle phalanx, lateral slips on base of distal phalanx) A: extends the metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the lateral 4 toes IN: deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
83
Flexor Hallucis Longus
O: lower 2/3 of the posterior surface of the fibula I: base of the distal phalanx of the great toe A: flexes the metatarsophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the great toe; plantar flexes the foot IN: tibial nerve
84
Flexor Digitorum Longus
O: middle half of the posterior surface of the tibia I: bases of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5 A: flexes the metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5; plantar flexes the foot IN: tibial nerve
85
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
O: tuberosity of the calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septae I: base of the middle phalanx of digits 2-5 after splitting to allow passage of the flexor digitorum longus tendons A: flexes the metatarsophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5 IN: medial plantar nerve

Anatomy OINA (2 decks)

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