OINA Of Muscles Of The Ankle And Foot

Question 1

Peroneus tertius

Answer 1

O. Anterior surface of shaft of fibula
I. Base of the fifth metatarsal
N. Deep peroneal n.
A. Dorsiflex and everts foot

Question 2

Extensor digitorum brevis

Answer 2

O. Calcaneum
I. By four tendons into proximal phalanx of big toe, long extensor tendons to the 2nd, 3rd and 4th toe
N. Deep peroneal n.
A. Extends toes

Question 3

tibialis anterior

Answer 3

O. Lateral shaft of tibia and interosseous membrane
I. Medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal
N. Deep peroneal nerve
A. Dorsiflex, inversion, holds up medial longitudinal arch of foot

Question 5

Gastrocnemius

Answer 5

O. Lateral head from lateral condyle of femur and medial head above medial condyle
I. Via tendo calcaneus into posterior surface of calcaneum
N. Tibial nerve
A. Plantarflex foot and flex leg

Question 6

Plantaris

Answer 6

O. Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
I. Posterior surface of calcaneum
N. Tibial n.
A. Plantarflex foot and flex leg

Question 7

Popliteus

Answer 7

O. Lateral surface of the lateral condyle of femur
I. Posterior surface of the shaft of tibia above soleal line
N. Tibial n.
A. Flexes leg, unlocks knee by lateral rotation of femur on tibia and slackens ligaments of joint

Question 8

Tibialis posterior

Answer 8

O. Posterior surface of shaft of tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane
I. Tuberosity of navicular bone and other neighboring bones
N. Tibial n.
A. Plantar flex foot, inverts foot, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

Question 9

Extensor hallucis longus

Answer 9

O. Anterior surface of shaft of fibula
I. Base of distal phalanx of great toe
N. Deep peroneal n.
A. Extends big toe, extends and inverts foot

Question 10

Extensor digitorum longus

Answer 10

O. Anterior surface of shaft of fibula
I. Extensor expansion of lateral four toes
N. Deep peroneal nerve
A. Extends toes and foot

Question 11

Soleus

Answer 11

O. Shafts of tibia and fibula
I. Via tendo calcaneus into posterior surface of calcaneum
N. Tibial n.
A. Together with gastrocnemius and plantaris is a powerful plantar flexor, provides main propulsive force in walking and running

Question 12

Flexor digitorum longus

Answer 12

O. Posterior surface of shaft of tibia
I. Base of the distal phalanx of the lateral four toes
N. Tibial n.
A. Flex distal phalanges of lateral four toes, Plantar flex foot, supports the medial and lateral longitudinal arches of foot

Question 14

Abductor hallucis

Answer 14

O. Medial tuberosity of calcaneum and flexor retinaculum
I. Base of proximal phalanx of big toe
N. Medial plantar n.
A. Flex and abd big toe, braces medial longitudinal arch

Question 15

Flexor digitorum brevis

Answer 15

O. Medial tubercle of calcaneum
I. Four tendons insert on the borders of middle phalanges of lateral toes, tendons perforated by those of flexor digitorum longus
N. Medial plantar n.
A. Flex lateral four toes, braces medial and lateral longitudinal arches

Question 16

Abductor digiti minimi

Answer 16

O. Medial and lateral tubercles of calcaneum
I. Base of proximal phalanx of the fifth toe
N. Lateral plantar n.
A. Flex and abducts fifth toe, braces lateral longitudinal arch

Question 17

Lumbricals

Answer 17

O. Tendon of flexor digitorum longus
I. Dorsal extensor expansion, bases of proximal phalanges of four lateral toes
N. First lumbrical is medial plantar n., remainder is lateral plantar n.
A. Extends toes at IP joint

Question 18

Flexor hallucis brevis

Answer 18

O. Cuboid, lateral cuneiform, insertion of tibialis posterior
I. Medial tendon into medial side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe, lateral tendon into lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe
N. Medial plantar nerve
A. Flex metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe, supports medial longitudinal arch

Question 19

Dorsal interossei

Answer 19

O. Adjacent sides of the metatarsal bones
I. Base of proximal phalanges -1st: medial side of the second toe, remainder: lateral sides of 2nd, 3rd and 4th toe, also dorsal expansion.
N. Lateral plantar nerve
A. Abduction of toes. Flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints

Question 20

Fexor hallucis longus

Answer 20

O. Posterior surface of shaft of fibula
I. Base of distal phalanx of big toe
N. Tibial n.
A. Flex distal phalanx of big toe, plantar flex foot, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

Question 21

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Answer 21

O. Base of fifth metatarsal bone
I. Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe
N. Lateral plantar n.
A. Flex metatarsophalangeal joint of the little toe

Question 23

Plantar interossei

Answer 23

O. Inferior surfaces of lateral three metatarsal bones
I. Medial sides of the bases of the lateral three toes
N. Lateral plantar n.
A. Adduction of toes. Flex metacrpophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints.

Question 24

Adductor hallucis

Answer 24

O. Oblique head - bases of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsal bone, transverse head - plantar ligaments
I. Lateral side of the base of proximal phalanx of big toe
N. Deep branch lateral plantar n.
A. Flex metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe, holds together metatarsal bones

Question 26

Peroneus longus

Answer 26

O. Lateral surface of shaft of fibula
I. Medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal
N. Superficial peroneal n.
A. Plantarflex, everts and supports the lateral longitudinal arch and transverse arch of the foot.

Question 28

Quadratus plantae

Answer 28

O. Medial and lateral sides of calcaneum
I. Tendon of flexor digitorum longus
N. Lateral plantar n.
A. Assist flexor digitorum longus in flexing the lateral toes

Question 29

Peroneus brevis

Answer 29

O. Lateral surface of the shaft of fibula
I. Base of the fifth metatarsal
N. Superficial peroneal n.
A. Plantarflex and everts foot, supports lateral longitudinal arch of foot