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OHIST_emrbyology Flashcards

1
Q

prechordal plate - what types of cells are involved and what is established at this area

A

firm union btw ectodermal and endodermal cells occurs here. Slight enlargement of the ectodermal and endodermal cells at the rostral end - establishing the axis of the embryo

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2
Q

formation of a 2-layered embryo occurs when

A

2 weeks

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3
Q

formation of 3 layered embryo occurs when and what is the process called

A

3 weeks

gastrulation

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4
Q

the floor of the amniotic cavity is formed by this layer of cells

A

ectoderm

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5
Q

weeks 4,5,6 events

A
  1. differentiation of major tissues and organs
  2. head face teeth
  3. differ. of nervous tissue from ectoderm
  4. differ. of neural crest cells
  5. differ. of mesoderm
  6. folding rostrocaudal and lateral

QUICK ANSWER: differentiation and folding

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6
Q

neural tube undergoes massive expansion to form what

A

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

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7
Q

what does the trunk area of paraxial mesoderm break up into

A

somites

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8
Q

what are the 3 parts of trunk somites

A

sclerotome: 2 adjacent vertebrae and disks
myotome: muscle
dermatome: connective tissue of skin over somite

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9
Q

what happens to the paraxial mesoderm in the head neck region

A

it only partially separates into somatomeres

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10
Q

what do somatomeres contribute to

A

head neck musculature

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11
Q

what is the fate of intermediate mesoderm

A

urogenital system

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12
Q

what is the fate of lateral plate mesoderm

A 
connective tissue of muscle and viscera
serous membranes of the pleura
pericardium
peritoneumblood and lymphatic cells
cardio and lymph systems
spleen
adrenal cortex
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13
Q

what leads to the formation of rhombomeres

A

the hindbrain segmentation into 8 rhombomeres which play an important role in development of the head

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14
Q

head folding creates a cavity called what

A

stomatodeum: which is lined by ectoderm and separated from the gut by the buccopharyngeal membrane

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15
Q

how does the coelom form

A

cavitation occurring in the lateral plate mesoderm

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16
Q

onset of folding occurs on this day

A

day 24 –> thru to end of week 4

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17
Q

neural crest cells become

A 
cranial ganglia and nerves
sensory ganglia and nerves
most of connective tissue of the head (bones and skull. dentin. perio ligament. alveolar bone). 
adrenal medulla 
ectomesenchyme
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18
Q

neural tube (neuroectoderm) becomes

A

CNS
pineal body
posterior pituitary (pars nervosa)
retina

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19
Q

surface ectoderm become

A 
epidermis
hair
nails
cutaneous glands
mammary glands
anterior pituitary
parenchyma of salivary gland
enamel
lens
inner ear
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20
Q

endoderm becomes

A
  • epithelial lining of trachea, bronchi, lungs
  • epithelium of the following: GI tract. liver. pancreas. urinary bladder and urachus.
  • epithelial component of pharynx, thyroid, tympanic cavity
  • pharyngotympanic tube
  • tonsils
  • parathyroids
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21
Q

non cranial connective tissue is derived from what and what is it known as

A

derived from mesoderm and known as mesenchyme

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22
Q

connective tissue in the head is derived from what and what is it known as

A

derived from neuroectoderm (neural tube stuff) and is known as ectomesenchyme

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23
Q

what expands by the proliferation of neural crest cells

A

pharyngeal arches

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24
Q

FACE & BA1 contributors

A

Midbrain.
R1
R2

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25
BA2 contributors
R4
26
borders of the stomatodeum
frontal prominence | cardiac bulge
27
what separates the stomatodeum from the foregut and what is its fate? what day of gestation is this structure present?
The buccopharyngeal plate. It breaks down so there is a continuum. It is seen at day 25.
28
What syndrome is caused by defects of structures derived from BA1 & BA2? What specifically goes wrong
Treacher Collins syndrome | Due to failure of the neural crest cells to migrate properly to the facial region
29
derivatives of first arch
``` mandible and maxilla meckels cartilage which makes following: incus, malleus, sphenomalleolar ligament, sphenomandibular ligament ```
30
fate of 1st groove
external auditory meatus
31
fate of 1st pouch
tympanic membrane tympanic cavity mastoid antrum eustachian tube
32
derivatives of 2nd arch
``` Reicherts cartilage which is the following: stapes styloid process of temporal bone lesser horns of the hyoid bone upper part of the body of the hyoid stylohyoid ligament ```
33
fate of 2nd, 3rd, & 4th groove
obliterated by the down growth of the 2nd arch --> forming the cervical sinus. If persists, form brachial fistula that opens into the side of the neck extending from the tonsillar sinus
34
Fate of 2nd pouch
largely obliterated by the development of palatine tonsil
35
Derivatives of the 3rd arch
Lower part of the body of the hyoid | greater horns of the hyoid
36
where do brachial arches come from
in the pharyngeal wall
37
what is the anatomy of a brachial arch
Lateral plate mesoderm sandwiched btw ectoderm and endoderm. Each has a cartilage with mesenchyme around it that gives rise to: 1. striated muscle (meckel's 1st / reichert's 2nd) 2. nerve (2 components: motor & sensory) 3. artery
38
path of the aortic arch vasculature
the aortic arch vasculature leads from the heart dorsally through the arches and then up to face
39
fate of the 3rd pouch
dorsal: inferior parathyroid ventral: thymus (joins with opposite side)
40
fate of the 4th pouch
Dorsal: superior parathyroid ventral: ultimobranchial body ( = parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland)
41
fate of the 5th pouch
incorporated into the 4th
42
how do the branchial grooves disappear
they disappear by the tissue from arch II and V growing towards each other
43
sensory branches of the branchial arch nerves
postrematic branch: covers anterior half of arch epithelium | pretrematic: covers posterior half of the previous arch epithelium
44
Meckel's cartilage
indicates position of future mandible but DOES NOT contribute to it
45
What type of ossification does the mandible develop by
intramembranous
46
what type of ossification does the incus and malleus develop by
endochondral
47
innervation of the meckel's cartilage
CN V
48
Reichert's cartilage leads to which structure
Dorsal end: stapes and styloid | ventral end: lesser horns of hyoid & superior body hyoid
49
derivatives of 3rd arch cartilage
greater hyoid horns and inferior hyoid body
50
derivatives of 4th & 6th brachial cartilages
fuse to form: laryngeal cartilages and thyroid cartilage
51
innervation of 2nd arch
facial CN VII
52
innervation of 3rd arch
glossopharyngeal CN IX
53
innervation of 4th & 6th
Recurrent laryngeal & superior laryngeal branches of vagus
54
Which BA artery becomes common carotid
3rd
55
when does the common carotid develop
week 5
56
what vessels supply the face at week 5
ICA | stapedial artery
57
shifting of face/neck blood supply when? how?
week 7 shifts from ICA to ECA (ICA of course continues to supply brain)
58
what number (part) of aortic arch changes into what vessels
Arch 3: CCA Arch 4: dorsal aorta Arch 6: pulmonary arteries
59
when do muscle cells in the first arch become apparent? | when do they spread into each muscle sites origin?
Week 5 | Week 6 & 7
60
muscle cells from the 1st arch form what
muscles of mastication: masseter temporalis medial & lateral pterygoids
61
what do muscle cells of the 2nd arch do? | when?
muscle cells of the 2nd arch grow upward to form facial muscles. By Growing into sheets to form muscles of facial expression
62
face develops between which days
24-38
63
when does BA1 divide into MN & MX arches
24
64
where is the nasolacrimal groove and what will it ultimately form?
the NL groove is btw frontonasal sinus and the maxillary process. It will develop into the NL duct.
65
which facial structures result from median nasal process
bridge of nose and philtrum
66
what facial structures result from lateral nasal process?
sides of the nose and just under the eye
67
what parts of face result from maxillary process
zygomatic arch area and sides of upper lip
68
what facial parts result from mandibular process
lower face chin lower cheeks
69
middle portion of upper lip formed by...
fusion of the medial nasal process from both sides and the frontonasal process
70
lateral portion of upper lips formed by
fusion of the medial nasal process AND | the maxillary process
71
lower lip formed by
the fusion of the two mandibular processes
72
what things fuse to make the nasolacrimal duct
maxillary process AND nasal process they fuse in an irregular manner to make a canal type structure..... the nasolacrimal duct.
73
what tumor can develop from Reminants of the hypophyseal diverticulum
craniopharyngioma
74
critical period of palate development
7-9 weeks
75
primary palate develops when
end of 4th week (28 days)
76
what processes does the primary palate develop from
frontonasal AND medial nasal...... it will eventually form the pre-maxillary portion of the maxilla
77
when does the secondary palate develop and when does it complete
week 7-8. | finished by end of first trimester
78
what structures must converge to form palate
the nasal septum and the palatal shelves. | the MN must be wide enough for the tongue to fall to floor of the mouth in order for the above things to come together
79
when does tongue formation begin
4 weeks
80
tongue formation details
ANT 2/3 = lateral linqual swellings (distal buds) & tuberculum impar (median bud) = from BA1= CN V (linqual of trig). Post 1/3 = copula hypobranchial eminence = BA2/3/4 = CN IX (gloss). terminal sulcus line of demarcation and foramen cecum.
81
muscles of tongue formation - what do they develop from AND what nerve innervated them?
develop from the occipital somites | Innervated by CN XII (hypogloss)
82
What 2 things can result from improper or incomplete thyroid migration
linqual thyroid | thyroglossal duct cyst
83
mandible: primary site of ossification location (related to trigeminal nerve branches)
the primary site of ossification of the mandible is located where the inferior alveolar nerve splits into the incisive and mental branches. Which is LATERAL to the meckel's cartilage
84
fate of meckel's cartilage
malleus and incus of ear sphenomandibular ligament - there is some evidence that it contributes to mandible (by endochondral ossification) but most of the meckel's cartilage is resorbed

Oral Histology (3 decks)

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