OGG

Question 1

what is a hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

Answer 1

They put dye in the uterus and tubes and then x-ray to see whether the fallopian tubes are patent (open) and if the inside of the uterus (uterine cavity) is normal.

Question 2

for tay sachs disease, how many parents need to be carriers to risk an affected child?

Answer 2

both

Question 3

how do you DDX intrauterine from ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 3

ultrasound

Question 4

what is a full term pregnancy?

Answer 4

40 weeks from LMP (38-42 weeks)

Question 5

what changes happen in maternal physiology?

Answer 5

skin - estrogen stimulates melanocytes (linea alba, areola, dark scars)

Question 6

what vitamins are important in pregnancy for vegetarians who don’t eat meat or dairy

Answer 6

B12

Question 7

what vitamin is a teratogenic?

Answer 7

Vitamin A

beta-carotene is seen as OK

Question 8

what is the pathophysiology of preeclampsia?

Answer 8

generalized vasospasm
decreased blood supply to brain and other organs
Presents after 20 weeks - usually in the last trimester

Question 9

what is the Tx for preeclampsia

Answer 9

bed rest

Question 10

what is the management for shoulder dystocia?

Answer 10

corkscrew maneuver to rotate baby’s shoulders

Question 11

what happens at term?

Answer 11

vertex over the pelvic inlet
engagement into the pelvis
begin effacement and dilation
cervical ripening (softening)
pass mucus from cervix
effacement (thinning) and dilation of cervix

Question 12

what is the longest phase of labor?

Answer 12

latent phase

• contractions 5 to 20 minutes
• duration 20 sec or longer
• about 0-3 cm dilated

Question 13

what is the concern of prolonged rupture of membranes?

Answer 13

increased risk of infection after 24 hours

Question 14

how do you monitor fetus through birth?

Answer 14

external fetal monitor

Question 15

at the 5 minute APGAR, what is a bad score?

Answer 15

below 6

think neurologic sequelae

Question 16

what is the cheesy substance that covers newborn?

Answer 16

vernix caseosa

Question 17

what reflex is normal in a baby but abnormal in adult?

Answer 17

babinski should be positive in newborn

Question 18

what is puerperium?

Answer 18

6 week period postpartum when organs are returning back to pre-pregnancy regions

Question 19

what is a high risk of puerperium?

Answer 19

UTIs

• LBP
• CVA tenderness
• fever
• nausea and vomitting

Question 20

during pregnancy, when should someone do a diabetes screen

Answer 20

24-28 weeks

Question 21

how does preeclampsia-eclampsia present? (3)

Answer 21

hypertension
edema/weight gain
proteinuria

Question 22

what is the tx for preeclampsia

Answer 22

bed rest
high protein diet
magnesium sulphate

Question 23

what clinical signs are visible in an oxygen deprived newborn up to 12 hours after birth?

Answer 23

decreased LOC and/or movement
poor tone
apnea spells
seizures 12-24 hours

Question 24

what clinical signs are visible in an oxygen deprived newborn after 24 hours after birth?

Answer 24

signs from 0-12 hours plus:
jitteriness
weakness

Question 25

enterocele

Answer 25

weakening of the rectovaginal septum allowing small intestine to herniate down between layers of septal wall

Question 26

procidentia

Answer 26

complete uterine prolapse (3rd degree)

Question 27

dyspareunia

Answer 27

painful intercourse

Question 28

painful intercourse (dyspareunia) where the pain is at the entry (introitus)

Answer 28

vaginismus-muscle contractions | infection, sores, low estrogen

Question 29

dyspareunia where the pain is with friction

Answer 29

infection, low estrogen

Question 30

dyspareunia where the pain is with deep penetration

Answer 30

pelvic pathology/adhesions | inflammation of cervix, uterus, adnexa

Question 31

what is pain with ovulation (mid-cycle)

Answer 31

mittelschmerz

Question 32

signs and sx of ovulation

Answer 32

dysmenorrhea -menstrual cramps cervical mucus changes basal body temp

Question 33

what is the effects of estrogen

Answer 33

vaginal cornification reduced vaginal pH increased cervical mucus pH

Question 34

what is the effects of progesterone

Answer 34

increased acidity of cervical mucus | thermogenic effect - increase basal temperature

Question 35

what can be a cause of hypermenorrhea (menorrhagia)

Answer 35

hypothyroid pregnancy infection endometrial cancer

Question 36

anovular cycle

Answer 36

a menstrual cycle with no ovulation

Question 37

what are long term reasons of anovulation

Answer 37

``` ovarian failure (no estrogen) follicles producing estrogen (unopposed estrogen, no progesterone) ```

Question 38

what is a risk of anovulation

Answer 38

uterine / endometrial cancer

Question 39

premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PDD/ PMS) criteria

Answer 39

signs and sx appear cyclically after ovulation | 7 symptom-free days in follicular phase

Question 40

uterine contracts are associated with increased

Answer 40

prostaglandins

Question 41

dysmenorrhea

Answer 41

pain with period. either 1˚ or 2˚ causes

Question 42

dyspareunia can be caused by

Answer 42

endometriosis

Question 43

a milky discharge can be caused by

Answer 43

oral contraceptives | estrogen

Question 44

most common cancer in women

Answer 44

breast

Question 45

breast cancer presentation

Answer 45

single, non-tender, hard mass with poor margins

Question 46

paget's carcinoma presentation

Answer 46

itching or burning of nipple | superficial erosion or ulceration

Question 47

what is associated with malodorous (amine-like) "fishy" grayish discharge?

Answer 47

bacterial vaginosis

Question 48

HPV infection is associated with:

Answer 48

cervical and vulvar cancer

Question 49

what does herpes simplex virus look like?

Answer 49

HSV-1 causes sores around the mouth and lips (sometimes called fever blisters or cold sores). In HSV-2, the infected person may have sores around the genitals or rectum.

Question 50

what is the 3rd MC cancer in the world that starts out as an STI?

Answer 50

cervical cancer

Question 51

predisposing factors of cancer of the uterine cervix

Answer 51

dysplasia

Question 52

risk factors for endometrial adenocarcinoma

Answer 52

50-70 yo | family hx

Question 53

what is significant about the minipill

Answer 53

progesterone-only contraceptive pill

Question 54

what is a significant symptom of endometriosis AND pelvic inflammatory disorder (PID)?

Answer 54

dyspareunia

Question 55

S/s of menopause

Answer 55

related to estrogen | no increased breast size