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Chem A levels #2 re-run > OG unit 2.4 Organic chemistry > Flashcards

OG unit 2.4 Organic chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of formulas?

A
  1. Molecular formula
  2. Structural formula
  3. Displayed formula
  4. Skeletal formula
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2
Q

Explain molecular formula

A

Shows atoms and how many of each

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3
Q

Explain structural formula

A

Shows atoms, how many of each, and how it’s connected

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4
Q

Explain displayed formula

A

Shows clearly which atoms present, how they arranged and all bonds

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5
Q

Explain skeletal formula

A

Uses zig-zag lines representing carbon chain

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6
Q

What code name for 1 carbon?

A

Meth…

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7
Q

What code name for 2 carbons?

A

Eth…

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8
Q

What code name for 3 carbons?

A

Prop…

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9
Q

What code name for 4 carbons?

A

But…

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10
Q

What code name for 5 carbons?

A

Pent…

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11
Q

What code name for 7 carbons?

A

Hept…

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12
Q

What code name for 9 carbons?

A

Non…

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13
Q

If the functional group has a double bond, what the suffix?

A

ene…

e.g.
Methene

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14
Q

If the functional group has chlorine, what the prefix?

A

Chloro

e.g.
1-chloro-butane

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15
Q

If the functional group has bromine, what the prefix?

A

Bromo

e.g.
1-bromo-butane

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16
Q

If the functional group has fluorine, what the prefix?

A

Fluoro

e.g.
1-fluoro-butane

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17
Q

If the functional group has iodine, what the prefix?

A

Iodo

e.g.
1-iodo-butane

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18
Q

If the functional group has amine (NH2), what both prefix & suffix?

A

P: Amino e.g. 1-amino-butane?
S: amine e.g. but-1-amine

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19
Q

If the functional group has hydroxyl (OH), what prefix & suffix?

A

P: Hydroxy e.g. i dunno
S: ol e.g. butanol

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20
Q

If the functional group has Carbonyl: Aldehyde/Ketone (C=O, double bond), what’s the suffix?

A

al/one

e.g.
butanal
propone

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21
Q

If the functional group has carboxyl (O=C-OH, mainly has hydroxyl and double bond with oxygen), what’s the suffix?

A

oic acid

e.g.
Ethanoic acid

22
Q

If the functional group has nitrile (R-C≡N, ig the main thing is C≡N), what’s both prefix and suffix?

A

P: Cyano e.g. Cyano-1-Butane?
S: nitrile e.g. Butanol nitrile?

23
Q

Tho what’s the structure and prefix for Methyl?

A

CH3, is just methyl

24
Q

And structure and prefix for Ethyl?

A

Ch2CH3, is literally just ethyl

25
Q

One sentence for alkanes?

A

Saturated hydrocarbons

26
Q

One sentence for alkenes?

A

Functional group C=C
Unsaturated hydrocarbons

27
Q

One sentence for alcohols?

A

Functional group -OH

28
Q

One sentence for halogenoalkanes?

A

Functional group -F, -Cl, -Br, -I

29
Q

One sentence for carboxylic acids?

A

Functional group -COOH

30
Q

General formula for alkane?

A

CnH2n+2
e.g.
C20H42

31
Q

General formula for alkene?

A

CnH2n
e.g.
C25H50

32
Q

General formula for alcohol?

A

CnH2n+1OH
e.g.
C66H133OH

33
Q

General formula for halogenoalkane?

A

CnH2n+1X
e.g.
C66H133F/Cl/Br/I

34
Q

General formula for carboxylic acid?

A

CnH2n+1COOH
e.g.
C66H133COOH

35
Q

Definition for isomers?
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A

Compounds having the same molecular formulae, but different structural formulae - i.e. a different arrangement of atoms in space

36
Q

What are the 3 different types of isomerism?

A
  1. Chain isomerism
  2. Positional isomerism
  3. Functional group isomerism
37
Q

What’s the difference for chain isomerism?

A

Ya got straight chain
CH3CH2CH2CH3
and ya got branched chain
CH3CH(CH3)CH3

38
Q

What’s the difference for positional isomerism?

A

Ya got 1-bromopropane
CH3CH2CH2Br
and ya got 2-bromopropane
CH3CHBrCH3

39
Q

Which functional group can positional isomerism be applied to?

A

Alcohols ig

40
Q

What’s the difference for functional group isomerism?

A

Ya got propanal
CH3CH2COH
and finally propanone
CH3COCH3

41
Q

When does geometric (E/Z) isomerism take place?

A

Atoms joining up in same order but different spatial arrangement

42
Q

What would the E in E/Z isomerism correlate to?

A

E- entgegen (opposite side)

43
Q

What would the Z in E/Z isomerism correlate to?

A

Z - zussamen (zame side)

44
Q

When would 1,2-dibromoethene have a Z?

A

during C=C, both Br’s on top of both C’s (vice-versa for H)

(Z) - 1,2 - dibromoethene

45
Q

When would 1,2-dibromoethene have an E?

A

during C=C, both Br’s on opposite positions diagonally on both C’s (vice versa for H)

(E) - 1,2 - dibromoethene

46
Q

So what about E/Z isomerism for some complicated formula like:

1-bromo-2-chloro-1-fluoro-2-iodoethene?

A

Uhhhhhhhhh, based on atoms with highest atomic mass, which take priority, honestly look at page 16.

47
Q

For the 4 main group 7 elements, order them from highest to lowest in terms of atomic mass (highest has more priority)

A
  1. Iodine
  2. Bromine
  3. Chlorine
  4. Fluorine
48
Q

Why does b.p increase for longer chains?

A

Longer chains =
More VDW forces =
More energy needed to overcome forces =
Higher B.P.

49
Q

What’s the effect of branching on boiling temperatures?

A

The more branches a molecule has, the lower it’s boiling temperature ig?

50
Q

Ye go do past paper, or u can start unit 2.5 if u want

A

Who knows what he chooses

Chem A levels #2 re-run (8 decks)

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