official decs for 19 and 20 Flashcards
what are the foods rich in iron?
- Eggs
- green leafy vegetables
- organ meat - poultry
- fish
- whole grains
- soy foods etc
Foods rich in vitamin D
- Eggs and fortified milk
- diary products
- yeast
- fish liver oils
constipation is relieved by?
- fluid and fiber
fruits hat enhance iron absorption?
orange
what can improve wound healing?
portent and vitamin C
signs of poor nutrition?
Poor wound healing
dry hair
weak hand grips
impaired coordination
juice of which fruit can interfere with the metabolism of many medications
grapefruit
what is the advice for a client who has difficulty swallowing and chokes frequently?
tuck the chin when swallowing
what is the minimum daily excercise needed?
30 minutes
what are the essential nutrients?
nutrients that body cannot make
a vegetarian will have deficiency in which vitamin?
vitamin B12
what is the diet for hypertension?
low salt
what is the range for normal BMI?
18.5 - 24.9
BMI for morbidly obese?
over 40
Name of the energy producing food group?
carbs
normal fluid intake is?
2000-3000 ml/day - 2500
minimum urine output produced by the kidneys?
30 mL
normal urine output?
50-60 mL
Complication of hypokalemia?
Cardiac complications
what is the normal blood level of calcium?
8.4 - 10.6 mg/DL
Low blood calcium level can cause ?
- osteoporosis
-muscle cramps
-carpal spasms (Trousseau sign- fingers spasm along with wrist flexion- pic in book) - contraction of facial muscles in response to light tap over the facial nerve (touch in front of tragus) { chvostek sign}
etc
increased blood levels of calcium can cause?
kidney stones
what is hyponatremia?
too little sodium
what is plasma?
liquid portion of the blood
how does fluid leave the body?
through kidneys, lungs, skin and GI. tract
factors that inhibit iron absorption-
calcium
antacids
coffee
fiber
examples of. clear and full liquid diet and soft diet?
Clear liquid - apple juice, strained juice, fat free broth or bouillon, gelatin, tea, black coffee
Full liquid- Milk, ice cream, creamy soups- no solids, pudding etc.
Soft diet- mashed potatoes, cooked vegetables
what is dumping syndrome and how can you prevent it?
- contacts of the stomach empty too quickly into small intestine.
- High protein, high fat diet, and low carb diet- given in small frequent feedings. CHEW WELL.
- Fluids are taken 30-60 minutes before or after a meal.
- avoid concentrated sweets
- have patient lie down for 30-60 min after a meal.
what is anorexia nervosa?
- characterized by self imposed starvation, compulsive exercising and purging.
- fear of becoming fat
- feeling fat
protein restricted diets are used on which conditions?
- chronic renal failure and cirrhosis of liver
fluid restriction is ordered in what conditions?
- end stage renal disease
- congestive heart failure
- ascites
what would you monitor in a patient receiving TPN?
-Blood sugar
what is the best time to introduce solid food in an infant?
- 4 - 6 months
