official class powerpoint session 1: Intro to RE Flashcards
what is a property?
what can be owned or possessed?
what is a tangible property?
which types of property does it include?
physical
includes personal property and real property
intangible property
non-physical
personal property
moveable and NOT permanently affixed to land
real property
real estate and other property fixed to land that can’t be moved
what are the largest basic forms of real estate?
raw land
improvements to land
improvements on the land
what is land banking
Waiting for someone to offer me a lot of money for my empty land
what do improvements to land include
utilities, sewers, roads, etc
why do banks prefer land with improvements to it
this land is ready to be developed so it is better for bank and it is more secure
what are improvements on land?
structures and shit
what are the two main types of real estate?
residential
commercial
what are the types of residential real estate?
single family housing
multi family housing
what are the types of commercial real estate?
office
retail
industrial
hotel
mixed use
mixed use real estate
A property that could have many uses such as offices and apartments
what are the types of multi family housing (basically types of buildings regarding height)?
Low rise: < 4 floors
Mid-rise: 10> floors >=4
High-rise: <= 10 floors
what are the types of offices?
single tenant
multi tenant
what are the types of ratings that offices can get?
class A
Class B
class C
what does the office rating depend on
location
quality
if its new and gyu or not
the benefits next to it
why would real estate investors purposely plan to build a class B or C building? (definitely does not happen all the time)
It costs a lot less money to build a less luxurious building
Sometimes, considering rent, it can turn out to be profitable
what are the types of retail real estate?
shopping centers
power centers
lifestyle centers
street retail
which of the following are super regional?
shopping centers
power centers
lifestyle centers
street retail
shopping centers
which of the following are regional?
shopping centers
power centers
lifestyle centers
street retail
power centers
which of the following are lifestyle centers?
shopping centers
power centers
lifestyle centers
street retail
lifestyle centers
which of the following are street retail?
shopping centers
power centers
lifestyle centers
street retail
street retail
what are the types of industrial real estate buildings
warehouses
distribution centers
manufacturing
specialty
types of real estate ownership
direct ownership
indirect ownership
direct RE ownership
nothing between owner and property, no legal structure needed
indirect RE ownership
there is some form of legal structure between owners and property
types of direct RE ownership
single owner
co-owner
types of indirect RE ownership
partnership
corporation
REIT
what are important factors upon determining the ownership structure
taxation and liability
what type of taxes do you pay if you own direct real estate?
if you earn constant cash with rent, you have to include it in your normal income taxes
what type of taxes do you pay if you own indirect real estate?
corporate tax
whats the liability for indirect real estate?
partnerships have unlimited liability
corporations have limited liability
whats the liability for direct real estate?
your property is your collateral
what are the real estate functions regarding building and operating?
development
construction
property management
leasing
development
identifying an appropriate site
conceptualizing and designing the project
securing zoning and permits
the management of the project
what does the developer usually do upon developing the project?
.The developer usually hires the construction company
construction
the actual building of the structure and any ancillary infrastructure
This could include roadwork to access the site, underground parking and landscaping
property management
Day to day operations of a revenue generating property.
This could include security, billing and the collection of rents, maintenance, accounting, etc
leasing
Leasing agents identify perspective tenants and negotiate the lease terms
who can hire leasing agents?
can be hired by the owners or property managers
can Lessing agents represent more than one landlord?
yeee
real estate brokerage
involves the sale or purchase of properties by matching buyers and sellers
what do brokers usually do to ensure sale or purchase of a property?
The broker usually creates the marketing material including the property data
what are the types of real estate investment management functions?
brokerage
asset management
portfolio management
asset management
developing and implementing the strategic plan to maximize the value of a property
This includes the development and timing of exit strategies
involves one ONE property
portfolio management
involves multiple properties
buying and selling RE assets to form a portfolio that meets the return to risk relationship targeted by the investors
who are the other important real estate players
Bankers and lenders
Lawyers and notaries
Accountants and tax professionals
Appraisers
Insurance brokers and companies
Architects
Engineers
Surveyors
Municipalities and governments
what do appraisers do?
estimate the fair market value of a property by looking comparing other properties in the market
what are the steps to the real estate investment process?
- Determine your objectives and constraints
- Analyze the investment & market environment
- Develop a financial analysis
- Apply decision-making criteria
- Make an investment decision
- Determining your objectives and constraints
it is important to know your investment goals
Are your willing to risk losing your investment for the possibility of a high return?
Do you prefer more modest returns but a safer investment?
Are you willing to put in “sweat equity” (just cash and let someone else handle it?) or do you want a turn-key (do you want to be property manager as well?) investment?
What is the duration of your investment? (Long-term vs short-term)
Are you looking for a steady cash flow or is the growth of the value of your investment more important?
- Analyzing the investment & market environment
analysis of the investment environment is required for any investment decisions, including real estate
analysis of the market environment
analysis of the legal environment
analysis of T¡the financing environment
analysis of the tax environment
- Developing a financial analysis
determining the expected cash flows of your real estate investment
How much will I and should I invest?
How much cash will be generated annually considering rents sand expenses?
How much are the mortgage payments?
How much is the profit when I sell considering selling expenses?
- Applying decision-making criteria
Determine the required rate of return given the risks and rewards as analyzed in the previous steps.
Calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of the real estate investment
compare them to these hurdle rates
- Making an investment decision
The previous steps give you the necessary information to make your investment decision
The analysis process is repeated for various REIs in order to find one that meets the investors’ goals and constraints
does the fundamental principal of supply and demand also apply to real estate? give the example with commercial real estate
yeee boy
In commercial real estate tenants demand space for offices, stores, manufacturing, etc. and landlords create space to satisfy these demands
occupancy rate
The percentage of the space that is in use
vacancy rate
the percentage of space not in use
what happens to rent when occupancy rate increases?
it puts an upward pressure on rents
what happens when there is an upward pressure on rents?
motivates landlords to build or acquire new space to rent out
what are the economic factors that can influence demand?
Global and national economy (GDP, inflation)
Consumer confidence
Employment levels
Population growth and density
Age trends
Changes in technology or manufacturing processes (productivity)
which are the local and competitive factors to consider?
Local supply and competing space
Competing projects currently under development
Education level and skills of local workforce
Local population growth and density
Income levels
Infrastructure (roads, services, etc.)
Transportation
Age trends
what does a complex legal system in RE do?
regulates real estate investment and the relationships between its participants
why is it important to analyze the legal environment?
it will play an important role in the both the acquisition decision and the investment process
why is it important to analyzing the financing environment?
to see what is the availability of financing and its cost
what are the types of financing?
Construction loan
Mortgage loan
Corporate loan
what are the types of costs in the financing environment?
Interest
Fees
Legal fees
Appraisals
Environmental studies or updates
why is it important to analyze the tax environment?
will have an important impact on the profitability of a real estate investment
which are the levels of tax rules?
Federal
Provincial/state
City
Municipality
Cross-border issues