Officer Safety Flashcards

1
Q

Justification for discharging your firearm:

A

You are only justified in discharging your firearm when there is an immediate risk to your life, or the life of someone else, or there is an immediate risk of serious injury to you or someone else and there is no other way of preventing the risk.

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2
Q

Justification for using your handcuffs:

A

The decision to handcuff rests with you. Officer safety is paramount. Generally, you are justified in handcuffing prisoners only when they have tried to escape, or to prevent escape or injury to themselves or others.

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3
Q

Justification for using your Defensive Spray:

A

Protection of human life, a less lethal option for controlling people, where violent resistance or confrontation occurs (or is likely to occur), protection against animals.

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4
Q

Justification for using your Baton:

A

The decision to use your baton rests with you. You may use your baton if in danger of being overpowered or to protect yourself or others from injury. The force used must always be reasonable.

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5
Q

Justification for using Conducted Electrical Weapon: (TASER)

A

Protect human life, Protect yourself or others where violent confrontation or violent resistance is occurring or imminent, protect an officer/s in danger of being overpowered or to protect themselves or another person from the risk of actual bodily harm, or Protection from animals.

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6
Q

4 General Firearm safety principals [Treat, B, Keep, B]

A

-Treat all firearms as if they are loaded;

Keep your finger off the trigger and on the receiver until your sights are on the target and you have decided to fire; and

-Be sure of your target. (Know what it is, what is in line with it and what is behind it. Never fire at anything you have not positively identified).

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7
Q

Safe Direction – Definition

A

A safe direction is a direction in which any unintentionally fired shot, would be safely stopped and contained with no human injury, and at most, only minimal property damage.

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8
Q

What is the ultimate goal in any confrontational situation?

A

The Ultimate goal of any confrontational situation is CONTROL

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9
Q

The Tactical Options Model provides the 10 Tactical options available for an officer when confronting subject/s. What are the 10 tactical options. TACTICAL OPTIONS MODEL: (TOBACCO WTF and CRAPT)

A

TOBACCOWTF T – Tactical Disengagement. O – Officer Presence. B – Baton. A – Active Armed Offender Tactics. C – Contain & Negotiate. C – CEW. O – OC Spray. W – Weaponless Control. T – Talking (Communication). F – Firearm. CRAPT Communication Risk assessment Action Plan Take Charge

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10
Q

Glock Definition:

A

The Glock Pistol is a mechanically locked, recoil operated self-loading pistol, with inbuilt trigger, firing pin and drop safety mechanisms.

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11
Q

Definition of a stoppage:

A

A stoppage is anything that prevents the pistol from firing, when the user intends that it should fire.

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12
Q

Degrees of Weapon Readiness Operationally, the firearm will be in one of only two conditions. These are: UNLOADED or LOADED. No other condition will be permitted, such as magazine loaded, inserted but with no round chambered.

A

Loaded: Magazine containing rounds fitted, round in chamber, pistol can be fired. Unloaded: Magazine not fitted, no round in chamber, pistol cannot be fired.

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13
Q

What are the five major parts of the Glock

A

-Slide -Barrel -Recoil spring assembly -Receiver -Magazine

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14
Q

Functioning Sequence of the Glock Pistol FUEEFLL:

A

1. FIRING - Of the chambered round

2. UNLOCKING - Of the slide

3. EXTRACTING - the fired case from the chamber

4. EJECTING - The fired case from the pistol

5. FEEDING – A round from the magazine into the chamber

6. LOCKING INTO BATTERY – Round chambered, slide locked fully forward – ready to fire

7. LOCKING OPEN (Last Shot) – Magazine follower engages slide stop lever and locks slide open

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15
Q

The Three function checks after Glock reassembly are:

A

-Trigger -Trigger reset -Slide Lock

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16
Q

Safety Features The Glock family of pistols are fitted with three separate safety mechanisms, designed to prevent accidental firing in the event of the pistol being dropped or sustaining a heavy impact. The safeties are the:

A
  1. Trigger safety; 2. Firing pin safety; and 3. Drop safety.
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17
Q

Glock pistol Standard Operational Ammunition

A

-Winchester .40 S&W Calibre -165 grain SXT controlled expansion round -Muzzle Velocity 320 m/s

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18
Q

Strike Areas for Baton?

A

Primary - The leg, from below the hip to the tip of the toes.
Secondary - The arm, from the tip of the fingers to the point of the shoulders

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19
Q

Taser X26P Components

A
  • Cartridge
  • Single Laser
  • LED flashlight
  • Trigger
  • Central information display (CID)
  • Saftey switch
  • Performance Power Maganize (PPM) release button
  • Performance Power Magazine (PPM)
  • Fixed sights
  • Power accessory interface
  • Selctor switch
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20
Q

Conducted Electrical Weapon (CEW) – Criterion to Draw and Cover with CEW (DIA):

A

D – Don’t draw, point or aim your Taser unless you are likely to be justified in using it.

I – Immediately arm by moving the safety switch to fire if drawing the Taser in order to cover a subject

A – Assess the environment and situation unfolding and where the justification for drawing the Taser ceases to exist, the Taser should be deactivated and re-holstered.

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21
Q

Handcuffing Principles (AADC)

A

AADC

Apply

Adjust

Double Lock

Check

APPLY
ADJUST
DOUBLE LOCK
CHECK

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22
Q

OC Deployment Principles:

A

Spray → Move → Assess.

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23
Q

Defensive Spray – Ranges:

A

Optimum: 90cm

Max Effective: 3.5m

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24
Q

Concepts and Principles of Team Movement:
The six concepts and Principles of Team Movement are? (720 SCATS):

A

-720 degrees of coverage where possible
S – Stay together as much as possible.
C – Communication.
A – Cover the angles.
T – Threshold evaluation.
S – Speed of movement.
*Only as fast as you can think and shoot accuratel

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25
Q

Enter with:

A
  • Surprise.
  • Violence of action.
  • Speed of movement
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26
Q

ABC’s of cover:

A

A – Accurate fire.
B – Body armour.
C – Cover from hostile fire

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27
Q

Bombs, Don’t-

A
  • Touch
  • Tilt
  • Tamper
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28
Q

H.O.T. Principle:

A

H – Hidden?
O – Obviously suspicious?
T – Typical (for the area)?

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29
Q

Handcuffs:

A
  • Chain/Hinge
  • Swing arm
  • Fixed arm
  • Body
  • Knurled locking barrel
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30
Q

Tactical Movement (5 sugars & milk- SSSSSM):

A

S – Shape
S – Shadow.
S – Silhouette.
S – Surface.
S – Spacing.
M – Movement.

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31
Q

10 Fatal Errors [MRSPFFFTTL]:

.

A

MRSPFFFTTL

Making False Assumptions.

Relaxing too soon.

Sleepy or Asleep on the Job.

Poor or No Search.

Failure to Handcuff.

Failure to Watch Hands.

Failure to recognise danger signs.

Tombstone Courage.

Taking a bad position.

Lack of knowledge, apathy and/or complacency.

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32
Q

Cover is?

A

anything that provides protection from hostile fire.

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33
Q

Concealment is?

A

is protection from hostile observation.

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34
Q

Unholstering the firearm:

A
  1. Grip.
  2. Clear.
  3. Join.
  4. Assess.
35
Q

Searches:

A
  • Crush method.
  • Blade of Hand.

Slow, Systematic, Thorough

36
Q

Officer V. Subject Factors (FG MASS):

A

> Age.
> Gender.
> Size. > Fitness.
> Skill level.
> Multiple officers

37
Q

AAO – Priorities: (POOC)

A

POOC

  • People.
  • Open areas.
  • Open doors.
  • Closed doors.
38
Q

Tactical option model-Special Circumstances: (PIGSDIDMolly)

A

PIGSDIDMolly

Proximity to a Weapon

Injury or Exhaustion

Ground Position

Special Knowledge

Disability

Imminent Danger

Drugs/Alcohol

Mental State

39
Q

Trigger Characteristics

A

With the slide in battery and the trigger in the fully forward position the Glock has an initial 12.5mm of trigger travel before the sears break and the pistol can fire. However, the trigger design on the Glock is such that in order for the sears to reset it is not necessary to release the trigger fully forward.
Moving the trigger forward 4mm is sufficient to reset the sears. With proper training the Glock can be fired with extreme rapidity should that prove necessary?

Inital Trigger travel: 12.5mm

Trigger reset: 4mm (tigger only need to be moved forward 4mm to be reset and ready fire again)

40
Q

NSWPF Taser Operational Cartridge

A

XP 25ft

7.6.

Black Cartridge

Green Door

Live Cartridge

XP probe

longer, heavier

After Novemebr 2004

41
Q

Taser Probe Diagram

A

Top is probe is horizontal

Bottom probe 8 degrees

42
Q

Unintentional Discharges

A

Unintentional discharges are rounds fired unintentionally during weapons handling.
Three steps must occur for a firearm to discharge:
- The firearm must be a functional, working model;
- There must be a round in the chamber; and
- Someone must pull the trigger.

43
Q

How do you acheive maxuim effect of the Taser?

A

Maximum effect is achieved when discharging the Taser by aiming and placing one probe above and below the waistline of the subject.

44
Q

What are CEW’s deigned to do?

A

Conducted Electrical Weapons (CEWs) are designed to use propelled wires or direct contact, to conduct electrical charge to primarily affect motor functions and/or the sensory nervous system. Causing Neuro-Muscular Incapacitation (NMI).

45
Q

Criteria to Draw and Cover with CEW

A

Do not draw your Taser, point it or aim it unless you consider you are likely to be justified in using it.

Where circumstances dictate the drawing of a Taser from the holster so as to cover a subject, the Taser must be immediately armed by moving the safety switch to the (Fire) position.

Police should continue to assess the environment and the situation unfolding before them and where the reason/justification for drawing the Taser ceases to exist, the Taser should be deactivated and re-holstered.

46
Q

Actions that may constitute a Hazardous Practice include:

A
  1. Accidental discharge of the Taser.
  2. Recklessly pointing or aiming a Taser at another officer
  3. Failing to properly store and secure a Taser which results in an accidental discharge
  4. Covering the lens on the Taser Cam or any action or inaction deemed a Hazardous Practice by a Taser Review Panel.
47
Q

The following are situations where a Taser should not be used unless exceptional circumstances exist.

TASER EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES

A
  • Against a subject who is handcuffed
  • Against a female(s) suspected on reasonable grounds of being pregnant
  • On an elderly or disabled subject(s)
  • On a child or subject(s) of particularly small body mass
  • Against the occupant(s) of a vehicle or the operator of machinery where there is a danger of the vehicle or machinery becoming out of control and posing a risk to the occupant(s) and/or bystander(s)
  • Against a subject who is fleeing. Fleeing should not be the sole justification for using a Taser against a subject. Officers should consider the subject’s threat level to themselves or others and the risk of injury to the subject before deciding to use a Taser
  • Drive Stun for pain compliance using the Taser in a prolonged fashion by holding the trigger down for a period greater than five (5) seconds
48
Q

Preferred or Primary Target Area:

A

-Aim for the centre of seen target mass of the back (where possible avoid targeting the head)

49
Q

Secondary Target Area:

A

-Aim for lower torso front (where possible avoid targeting the face, groin or chest areas)

50
Q

Single Cycle:

A

Any discharge of a Taser is characterised by one five (5) second cycle in either Probes Discharged or Drive Stun mode. Any discharge of a Taser on an individual beyond this single cycle is multiple cycles or a prolonged cycle.

ONE 5 SECOND CYCLE

51
Q

Multiple Cycles:

A

The use of multiple cycles should be avoided and only considered in exceptional circumstances after the officer has reassessed the situation in accordance with the Tactical Options Model. Notwithstanding this, after 3 cycles police must reconsider the effectiveness of Taser as the most appropriate tactical option and must consider alternative tactical options.

One or more of the Criteria to Discharge a Taser must be present to justify further use of a Taser prior to each additional cycle. Officers are reminded that a subsequent use of the Taser or any prolonged use greater than five (5) seconds will be scrutinised and will need to be justified.

Subjects should be allowed time to comply with police instructions (as is reasonable in the circumstances) before discharging a Taser on subsequent occasions. These instructions should be clear, concise and reasonable.

Officers should be aware that multiple or prolonged use of Taser may increase the risk of serious injury and/or death.
Where a Taser is used multiple times on a subject, each discharge or cycle must meet the Criteria to Discharge a Taser.

The use of drive stun for pain compliance is not recommended and should only be considered in exceptional circumstances.

52
Q

Use of more than one Taser:

A

Where officers attend an incident and more than one officer is armed with Taser, those officers should take steps to ensure that no more than one Taser is discharged on a subject at the one time. Multiple Taser use or multiple completed circuits at the same time could have cumulative effects and result in increased risks.

53
Q

Medical Considerations:

A

Ambulance personnel are to be called on ALL occasions when a subject has been Tasered. Failure to do so may be considered a breach of the SOPs.

When a Taser is discharged the Supervisor should be contacted immediately and informed of the situation.

Officers should:
Provide medical care immediately after all deployments of a Taser

Monitor the health of the subject while in custody. All persons incapacitated by the Taser should be closely monitored while in police custody, even after receiving medical care

Avoid any impairment of respiration. Officers should not employ any restraint technique that could impair the subject’s respiration

Continue to monitor and communicate with the subject after they have been incapacitated by the Taser. This includes verbal reassurance as to the temporary effects of the Taser and instructions to breathe normally. This will aid recovery and mitigate against hyperventilation

Only those personnel who are Taser trained will remove probes from the subject. Ambulance or local hospital personnel are to remove probes that penetrate the face, eye, neck, bone structure, groin area of a person of any gender, or the breast area of a female.’

54
Q

Spark Testing:

A

Whenever the Taser is removed from storage for operational use, a spark test must be conducted by the Taser User. Before the spark test is done the Taser, User must:

  • *-Safe Direction
  • Ensure the Taser cartridge is removed from the Taser
  • Arm the Taser
  • Depress the trigger**
55
Q

Taser Users:

A

Where a Taser has been used in Probes Discharged or Drive Stun mode, Taser Users will ensure:

  • Safe custody of the subject and take appropriate action to remove probes
  • Notify their supervisor, contact the Ambulance and render first-aid and other assistance as required.
56
Q

Hot Handover Procedures:

A

Tasers should not be handed over to other officers in the field unless exceptional circumstances exist.

57
Q

Modes of Use
There are three (3) modes of use for Taser deployments. They are known as:

A
  • *Draw and Cover**
    i. occurs when the Taser is drawn from the holster, armed and pointed at a subject
    ii. may be used by police against a subject in accordance with the Criterion to Draw and Cover
    iii. this would usually occur prior to the following modes
  • *Probes Discharged**
    i. occurs when the Taser trigger is pulled, the probes are released from the cartridge contacting the subject and a five (5) second cycle follows
    ii. will achieve NMI if the probes attach properly to a subject and make an adequate circuit
    iii. would occur when one or more of the Criteria to Discharge a Taser have been met

Drive Stun
i. is achieved by applying direct contact of the electrodes of the Taser to a subject with or without a cartridge attached to the device, and the device is discharging a cycle
ii. can be used to cause NMI where probes discharged mode has failed to have an effect on a subject, and one or more probes have contacted the subject and a drive stun applied will complete the circuit and achieve NMI. This should only be attempted when it is safe to do so and one or more of the Criteria to Discharge a Taser still exists
iii. should not be used for pain compliance on a subject unless exceptional circumstances exist
The use of drive stun for pain compliance is not recommended and should only be considered in exceptional circumstances.

58
Q

Safety Considerations:

A
  • *Officers are to:**
    i. treat all Tasers as if they are armed and ready to discharge
    ii. keep hands away from the front of the Taser always, particularly when loading and unloading cartridges
    iii. ensure the safety switch is engaged and the Taser is in safe mode:
    a. before loading or removing a cartridge from the Taser and
    b. whenever the Taser is not intended for immediate use
    c. before handing it to another officer
    d. upon receiving it from another officer

Accordingly, officers should:
i. where practicable, load and unload Taser cartridges in a designated Taser loading/unloading room
ii. never aim the Taser at the eyes or face of another person
iii. never throw a Taser to someone else or attempt to catch a Taser
iv. never point a Taser at any person, or in any direction where a person is likely to be, unless it is actually intended to be used in accordance with your duties and these SOPs
Failing to adhere to these safety considerations may be considered a breach of the SOPs.

59
Q

Taser single cycle:

A

During a cycle the CID will count for a single trigger pull 1-2-3-4-5
The Audible tone sounds 3 seconds, into the 5 second cycle thus sounding with 2 seconds to go

60
Q

Saftey Switch

A

Armed up [RED]

Unarmed down [Green]

61
Q

OC Defensive Spray as a Tactical Option

Factors that can and should be taken into account when deciding
what tactical option to adopt include:

A
  • Size - disparity or difference between officer and subject/s
  • Special skills of officer and subject/s e.g. martial arts
  • Age - disparity or difference between officer and subject/s
  • Sex of officer and subject
  • Multiple subjects or subjects in the vicinity
  • Multiple police in the vicinity
  • Proximity of subject to a weapon (firearms, knife, officer’s firearm)
  • Member injured or disabled
62
Q

Operational Considerations:

Deployment Indoors

A

Room Size
Exits
Air Conditioners

63
Q

Operational Considerations:

A
  • Wind
  • Rain
64
Q

Seven Steps of Defensive Spray Decontamination:

[CIRRDMO]

A

CIRRDMO

  1. Control
  2. Instructions
  3. Removal
  4. Reassurance
  5. Decontaminate
  6. Medical
  7. Observe
65
Q

Baton

A
66
Q

Expandble Baton:

A
67
Q

Optimal range for discharging a taser.

Maxium Taser Taser

A
  1. 1m to 4.5m
  2. 62
68
Q

HANDCUFFING SAFEGUARDS

Always use the following safeguards:

A
  • Approach the subject from the safest angle using the bladed body position.
  • Remain alert and prepared for sudden resistance.
  • Adopt a tactical position that maximises your safety and control of the subject by keeping them off balance.
  • Ensure the handcuffs are double locked by pulling and pushing on the swinging handcuff arm without delay once applied:
69
Q

Colour coding a building:

A

A building is identified by colours.

  • The WHITE side is usually the natural front of the premises.
  • The RED side is the right side of the premises as you are looking at it.
  • The BLACK side is the rear of the premises (Opposite the front)
  • The GREEN side is the left side of the premises as you are looking at it.
70
Q

Entry to the Building/Movement into Rooms:

A

(i) Entry to the building is at one point only. This is to avoid the danger of cross fire and mistaken identity that may arise from multiple entries. This also applies to the Exit point which should be the same as the Police Entry point.
(ii) As police approach a doorway or opening that they intend to enter, they should keep in mind the concept of assessing the threshold. Remember that if the offender/s is inside, they will be aware of this point and may be watching this area. As police enter, framed by the doorway or window, they make an excellent target.
(iii) The police should search as much of the area that they are about to enter from cover. If the police confront an offender, they are able to give commands from a position of safety, using the structure of the building to provide them with either cover or concealment

71
Q

Routine Motor Vehicle Stop: [CIWSCAR]

A

[CIWSCAR]

  1. CONTACT (Vehicle under notice)
  2. ISOLATION (Tactical advantage)
  3. WARNING (Signalling)
  4. STOP (1m offset from VOI, 7 m from rear of vehicle) *
  5. CHECK (Check for movement in the offending vehicle. Check the offending vehicle’s doors, boot, etc.)
  6. ACTION/ APPROACH (Report location & details)
  7. RESOLUTION (Arrest, TIN etc.)
72
Q

Routine Motor vehicle stop:

A

7 meters from the veicle 1 meter over lap [Coridor of saftey]

73
Q

Armed and Dangerous Motor Vehicle Stop

A

-12 meters from the back of the car, the 2 police vehicles 2 meters apart.

74
Q

Five Steps of Tactical Communication: [AWOKA]

A

[AWOKA]

  • *ASK** – an ethical appeal. Most people will respond to a direct request from Police.
  • *WHY** – a reasonable appeal. Explain why you have made the request, what breach of law or conduct has caused your request.
  • *OPTIONS** – a personal appeal. Tell the person what they can expect to gain or lose. Create and present options for them. Such options may affect them in terms of money, family or reputation.
  • *CONFIRM** – a practical appeal. This is where resistance is confirmed, and you tell them what is required. Following a refusal, a confirming statement is: “Is there anything I can reasonably do or say to gain your co-operation?”
  • *ACTION** – Using an appropriate tactical option. Choose an option based on your perception of the incident as per the tactical options model.
75
Q

ACTIONS AT THE CRISIS POINT: [SIM]

A

[SIM]

Security
Incident Command
Medical

76
Q

Positional Asphyxia:

A

-Restraint of the individual in a prone, face down position, while
Handcuffed. Persons handcuffed should not be placed in a prone position for extended periods of time

-Roll the subject onto his/her side as soon as possible. Alternatively, place them in an upright sitting position. Do not leave them lying prone on their stomach or in any position where pressure is exerted on the stomach or where the face is obstructed

77
Q

Taser sleep mode:

A

Taser will go in to sleep mode after 20 minutes

78
Q

Active Armed Offender Operational Goals

A
  1. Stop the Killing
  2. Stop the Dying
  3. Rapid Casualty Evacuation
79
Q

WEAPONLESS CONTROL (EDGED WEAPON DEFENCE)

The 3 weaponless defensive principles of edged weapon attack are?

A
  1. Protect your body
  2. Create distance from the threat
  3. Stop continuation of the threat
80
Q

“Searches Generally” General person search (Section 30 LEPRA)

A

(a) quickly run hands over the person’s outer clothing.
(b) requirement to remove outer clothing, including shoes.
(c) examine anything in possession.
d) electronic metal detector
(e) any other component of legislation

81
Q

“Strip Search” (Section 31 LEPRA)

A

A Police Officer may carry out a strip search of a person if;

Whether at Police Station or other place of detention, the Police Officer suspects on reasonable grounds that the search is necessary for the purpose of the search, or

In the case where the search is carried out in any other place –the Police Officer suspects on reasonable grounds that the strip search is necessary for the purposes of the search, and that the seriousness and urgency of the circumstances make the strip search necessary:

-If anything more than a person’s outer layer of clothing is removed, you are conducting a strip search
-A strip search must not be conducted on a person who is under the age of 10 years
-A search must be conducted by a Police Officer of the same sex as the person searched. However, if a Police Officer of the same sex as the person to be searched is not immediately available, a Police Officer may delegate the power to search to another person who is: Of the same sex as the person to be searched, and
Of a class of persons prescribed by the regulations for the purpose of this subsection

82
Q

Optium range for taser?

A

2.1m to 4.5m

83
Q

Distance for evacuation for bomb?

Standard IED

Vehicle IED

A

Standard IED 100m

Vehicle IED 500m