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forensic psych > Offender Profiling & Psychological Autopsies > Flashcards

Offender Profiling & Psychological Autopsies Flashcards

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1
Q

What is profiling?

A

Construction of a psychological description of an offender

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2
Q

What construction is involved of profiling? (2)

o M_____, p___________, p________ t_____, h_____, i_________, v_______ s________
o D__________

A

o Motives, psychopathology, personality traits, habits, intelligence, victim selection
o Demographics

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3
Q

What does the FBI call profiling?

A

Criminal Investigative Analysis

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4
Q

What are offender profiling goals? (5)

A

o Identify/eliminate suspects
o Narrow search areas
o Predict future crimes
o Guide interrogations
o Overcome linkage blindness

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5
Q

What is linkage blindness?

A

Not seeing the links that lead you to see it was committed by the same person

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6
Q

What are the different approaches to offender profiling?

A

Clinical (diagnostic)
Crime Scene Analysis (FBI)
Investigative Psychology (scientific)

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7
Q

What is the clinical approach to profiling?

A

Essentially trying to diagnose the offender

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8
Q

The Crime Scene Analysis (FBI) approach to profilingIs less dependent and more dependent on what?

A

It is less dependent on psychoanalysis
More dependent on how criminals behave

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9
Q

What is the Investigative Psychology (scientific) approach to profiling?

A

Only making claims that can be backed up statistically
Started in Europe

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10
Q

FBI: Behavioral Analysis Units (BAU)

  1. C______-t________, a____, b_______
  2. C____-c____, t_____ __________
  3. _____ victims (abduction, abuse, school shootings)
  4. _____ victims (serial murders, rapes, kidnapping)
A
  1. Counter-terrorism, arson, bombings
  2. Cyber-crime, threat assessment
  3. Child victims (abduction, abuse, school shootings)
  4. Adult victims (serial murders, rapes kidnapping)
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11
Q

What does NCAVC stand for?

A

National Center For The Analysis of Violent Crime

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12
Q

FBI BAU was responsible for one of the most extensive computer databases called what?

A

ViCAP

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13
Q

What is involved in the FBI Evidenced Based Approach?

A

Crime scene analysis
Location & time
Victimology

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14
Q

What is meant by crime scene analysis?

A

“method and manner”

Sexual level of violence, injuries inflicted, weapons used, body disposal etc.

Used to understand what kind of person you are dealing with

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15
Q

What is involved in victimology?

A

Selection
Risk exposure

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16
Q

Evidence - Crime Scene Analysis Components

A

Modus Operandi (M.O.)
Signatures
Staging

17
Q

What does Modus Operandi (M.O.) mean?

A

“Method of Operation”
What a criminal needs to do to get the job done

18
Q

Signatures are known to be like ________ and are a p_______ _____

A

trophies
personal touch

19
Q

Staging is also known as _______

A

undoing

20
Q

Types of criminals (classifications) - ORGANIZED (9)

A

o Social skills
o Planning
o Controls victims
o Brings & removes weapon
o Targets strangers
o Skilled work
o Mobile
o Follows news
o E.g., Ted Bundy

21
Q

Types of criminals (classifications) - DISORGANIZED (9)

A

o Poor social skills
o Impulsive
o “hit & run”
o Improvises weapon
o May know victims
o Unskilled work
o Lives nearby
o Not concerned
o E.g., Richards Chase “Vampire Killer of Sacramento”

22
Q

What are issues with the FBI System? (4)

A

Rationally or intuitively based (need more empirical evidence)

Types are no exhaustive or exclusive

Accuracy is hard to assess (stats are not kept)

Confirmation bias

23
Q

Investigative Psychology is by who?

A

David Canter

24
Q

Investigative Psychology, tell a bit about the Five Factor Model? (3)

A

Empirical
Statistical analysis
More prediction than speculation

25
Q

What are the components of the Five Factor Model in Investigative Psychology?

A
  1. Coherence
  2. Criminal type
  3. Criminal career
  4. Forensic awareness
  5. Time & place (one of most important)
26
Q

Investigative Psychology - Geographic profiling

o S_________ analysis of l________, t_____
o Predict future c____ _____
o Narrow ______ areas
o I_______/e_______ suspects

A

o Statistical analysis of locations, times
o Predict future crime sites
o Narrow search areas
o Identify/eliminate suspects

27
Q

Investigative Psychology - Geographic Profiling

Least ______
______ theory
R______ A_______ Theory

A

Least effort
Circle Theory
Routing Activity Theory

28
Q

What does Routine Activity Theory refer to?

A

Where they go out to eat, work, bus station, home, shopping

29
Q

What is an example of Geographic Profiling?

A

Beltway Snipers
Took place in the vicinity of DC

30
Q

Beltway Snipers - D_______ d____
Who is most associated with this?
What principle is it based on?
What kind of formula does it use?

A

Distance decay
Kim Rossmo
Least effort principle
Mathematical formula

31
Q

Geographic profiling
Distance functions for:

H_____ (comfort zone)
C________ (buffer zone)
T______ (lures victims to them)
T______ (opportunistic - see who turns up)

A

Hunter
Commuter
Trapper
Troller

32
Q

Investigative Psychology - Accuracy

More suited for ______ crimes; better prediction with ______ s_____ of prior crimes

_____ admissibility in court
E____ rates often _______ (little follow-up research until recently)

A

serial
larger sample

Legal
Error; unknown

33
Q

Investigative Psychology - PSYCHOLOGICAL AUTOPSY definition?

A

Means to reconstruct mental state of a person prior to death

34
Q

What is involved in psychological autopsy?

Examine _________, ______ and ________ health, l________, h_____, etc.

Profiling of ______

________ Deaths

A

Examine stressors, mental and physical health, lifestyle, habits, etc.
Profiling of victim
Equivocal deaths

35
Q

Psychological autopsy - how would profiling a victim take place?

A

Since you can’t interview them directly, can interview people they knew

36
Q

Psychological autopsy - Equivocal Deaths
What are the NASH Classifications? (4)

A

Natural
Accident
Suicide
Homicide

37
Q

Psychological autopsy - Equivocal Deaths
Questions to ask: (7)

A

Self-inflicted? Lethal intent?
Statements?
Mental illness?
Stress or loss?
Farewells?
Substance abuse?
Conflicts?

38
Q

Psychological Autopsy - E.g. Howard Hughes

Who initiated the process to look into Hughes?
___________ capacity
Concluded that from childhood, Hughes had…
What type of brain injuries?
Fowler concluded:

A

Raymond Fowler initiated the process and looked into Hughes
Testamentary capacity
Concluded that from childhood, Hughes had Avoidant personality Disorder and OCD
Traumatic brain injuries
Substance dependence
Fowler concluded personal - incompetent, professional - competent

39
Q

Psychological Autopsy - E.g. U.S.S. Iowa (1989)

Focused on the behavior of a crew member called ____ ________.

A

Clay Hartwick

forensic psych (8 decks)

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