Offender Profiling - Bottom -Up Approach

Question 1

Who was it developed by?

Answer 1

David canter

Question 2

Where was it developed?

Answer 2

UK

Question 3

What was the aim of this approach?

Answer 3

-Aims to generate a picture of the offender, routine behaviour, social background and characteristics) through an analysis of the crime scene
- unlike the top down approach it does not begin with fixed typologies1 instead profile is data driven.
_ grounded in psychological theory.

Question 4

What is investigative psychology?

Answer 4

• It is statistical analysis + psychological theory to analyse crime scenes.
• aims to establish patterns as behaviour that are likely to occur across crime scenes.
• this leads to creation of statistical data base to serve as a baseline for comparisons ie comparing different crimes

Question 5

What is interpersonal coherence ?

Answer 5

• How the offender interacts with the crime scene and victim may reflect their everyday behaviour.

Question 6

What does it mean by significance of time and place?

Answer 6

• Where the crime takes place may indicate where offender lives.

Question 7

What is forensic awareness?

Answer 7

• Benaviour may be indicative of previous criminals experience ie being more mindful on covering up the crime scene because you have already been interrogated before.

Question 8

What is geographical profilling ?

Answer 8

• Rossmo 1997/ proposed this method which involves 100 hing at the location os crimes which seem to nave been committed by the same gender in order to determine the likely home of the offender crime mapping.
• it can be combined with psychological theories to create hypotheses about what the offender is thinking as well as their modus operandi and where thy live - centre a gravity’
• it can also be used to predict where they an next likely to commit a crime-jeopardy surface
• individuals construct mental maps of the areas they know - not always accurate -shows distribution of linked offenders.

Question 9

What is Canter’s ‘circle theory’ ?

Answer 9

-This is because the pattern of offending forms a circle around a genders home base
- It proposed two models.
- The marauder operates in close proximity to their home or equivalent ‘base’
- The commuter travels a distance away from their residence.