Offender Profiling

Question 0

What is offender profiling?

Answer 0

A description of an offender.

Question 1

What are the two main types of offender profiling?

Answer 1

Typology approach

Geographical approach

Question 2

What are the two features of these crimes?

Answer 2

Corpus delecti

Modus operandi

Question 3

What is the corpus delecti?

Answer 3

The evidence from the crime.

Question 4

What is the modus operandi?

Answer 4

The method of the crime.

Question 5

Holmes and Holmes identified three major goals to profiling. What are they?

Answer 5

Social and psychological assessments
Psychological evaluation of belongings
Interviewing suggestions

Question 6

Who identified the three main goals of profiling?

Answer 6

Holmes and Holmes

Question 7

What is the typology approach based on?

Answer 7

Interviews of 36 convicted criminals

Question 8

What does the typology approach focus on?

Answer 8

The characteristics of the offender

Question 9

What did the FBI interview the criminals about?

Answer 9

Their background, crime scenes and victims.

Question 10

What two categories did the FBI develop from their interviews?

Answer 10

Organised and Disorganised

Question 11

According to the typology approach, what is meant by an organised criminal?

Answer 11

Crime scenes are planned and lack evidence

The offender is intelligent and socially competent

Question 12

According to the typology approach, what is meant by disorganised?

Answer 12

Crime scene has physical evidence and the crime was spontaneous
The offender is not intelligent and lacks social skills.

Question 13

Give three characteristics of the organised offender.

Answer 13

Intelligent
Has a good job
Socially and sexually competent

Question 14

Give three characteristics of the disorganised offender.

Answer 14

Not well educated
Unskilled work or unemployed
Spontaneous attack

Question 15

Why type of approach is the typology approach?

Answer 15

A top-down approach

Question 16

Jackson and Berkerian say the FBI approach has four stages, what are they?

Answer 16

Data Assimilation
Crime Classification
Crime Reconstruction
Profile Generation

Question 17

What is Data Assimilation?

Answer 17

Collection of information

Question 18

What is Crime Classification?

Answer 18

Categorising the crime into either organised or disorganised.

Question 19

What is Crime Reconstruction?

Answer 19

Re-enact the crime and develop a hypothesis.

Question 20

What is Profile Generation?

Answer 20

Creating a profile of the offender.

Question 21

Who argued there were four stages to the typology approach?

Answer 21

Jackson and Berkerian

Question 22

Who argued that the typology approach should add in a third category of mixed offenders?

Answer 22

Douglas

Question 23

Who has evidence to support that the typology approach has some use?

Answer 23

Pinizzotto and Finkel

Question 24

What evidence do Pinizzotto and Finkel have for the typology approach?

Answer 24

They compared the profiles of trained profilers, students, FBI officers and clinical psychologists in a sex case and homicide. They found that the trained profilers were more accurate in the sex case, but we're no more accurate in the homicide.

Question 25

What may negatively impact the profile in the typology approach?

Answer 25

If the information it is based on is untrue.

Question 26

What is wrong with the basis of the typology approach?

Answer 26

The information was collected from convicted criminals, not including those who haven't been caught. Small sample.

Question 27

What does the typology approach fail to take into account?

Answer 27

Individual differences between offenders.

Question 28

Who devised the geographical approach?

Answer 28

David Canter

Question 29

What type of approach is the geographical approach?

Answer 29

Bottom-up approach

Question 30

What is used to develop a profile in the geographical approach?

Answer 30

Physical evidence from the crime scene

Question 31

Canter identified three aspects of criminal behaviour. What are they?

Answer 31

Interpersonal coherence Significance of time and place Forensic awareness

Question 32

What is meant by interpersonal coherence?

Answer 32

Consistencies in the treatment of victims

Question 33

What is meant by forensic awareness?

Answer 33

Knowing if the offender has preciously been questioned by police.

Question 34

What profile does the geographical approach arrive at?

Answer 34

The living or operational base of the offender.

Question 35

The geographical approach used the assumption that...

Answer 35

Offenders work in areas they know well

Question 36

What does the geographical information of the crime produce?

Answer 36

A mental map

Question 37

The geographical approach uses a computer system called what?

Answer 37

The Criminal Geographical Targeting Spacial Data

Question 38

What is the Criminal Geographical Targeting Spacial Data?

Answer 38

Data that relates to the distance, movement and travel time which produces a 3D jeopardy surface.

Question 39

What is the main negative evaluation point about the geographical approach?

Answer 39

It searches for offenders based on what is most likely, but in some cases, what is most likely is actually incorrect.

Question 40

What is wrong with the geographical approach's focus?

Answer 40

It places too much emphasis on geographical data and not enough on psychological data.

Question 41

What did Copson and Holloway find?

Answer 41

That geographical profiling only helped to solve 16% of cases.

Question 42

Who found that profiling only solved 16% of cases?

Answer 42

Copson and Hollaway

Question 43

What did Britton find?

Answer 43

That CID Chiefs found profiling useless in arrests but felt it had high potential.

Question 44

Who found that geographical profiling had potential?

Answer 44

Britton