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Anatomy > Oesophagus,Stomach, Small and Large intestines, Annus > Flashcards

Oesophagus,Stomach, Small and Large intestines, Annus Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the oesophagus

A

Located at the back of mediastinum, behind the trachea, in front of vertebrea.

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2
Q

What type of tissue is the oesophagus

A

Fibromuscular

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3
Q

Where does the oesophagus run

A

Behind the heart, through the diaphragm into the stomach

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4
Q

Length of the oesophagus

A

~25cm

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5
Q

What is the hole that the oesophagus passes through the diaphragmatic perforation

A

Oesophageal hiatus

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6
Q

Function of upper oesophageal sphincter

A

To close oesophagus when food is not being swallowed

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7
Q

Function of lower oesophageal sphincter

A

To close oesophagus when food is not being swallowed

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8
Q

Location of lower oesophageal sphincter

A

Opening to stomach

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9
Q

Regions of stomach

A
  • cardiac region
  • fundic region
  • body of stomach
  • pyloric region
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10
Q

Function of cardiac region

A

where to contents of oesophagus empty into

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11
Q

Function of pylorus region

A

It facilitates emptying contents into small intestine

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12
Q

What are the two sphincters that keep contents of stomach contained

A

Lower oesophageal sphincter

pyloric sphincter

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13
Q

Function of stomach

A

2nd phase of digestion following mastication, secretes digestive enzymes and gastric acid

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14
Q

What allows the stomach to move/enlarge

A

Gastric rugae

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15
Q

Location of stomach

A

Between oesophagus and small intestine

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16
Q

What is digested food known as

A

Chyme

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17
Q

location of small intestine

A

between stomach and large intestine

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18
Q

Function of small intestine

A

Food absorption

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19
Q

Length of small intestine

A

~3-5meteres

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20
Q

What is the small intestine comprised of

A

The duodenum, jejenum, and ileum

21
Q

What suspends the jejnum and ileum in the small intestine

A

mesentery

22
Q

Function of the mesentery

A

To allow arteries, veins lymph vessels and nerves to pass through.

23
Q

Function of duodenum

A

Preparation for absorption, receives gastric chyme from stomach + digestive enzymes from pancreas + bile from liver

24
Q

Location of duodenum

A

surrounds head of pancreas, and under liver

25
Q

Length of jejunum

A

~2.5metres (40% length of small intestine)

26
Q

Location of jejunum

A

midsection of small intestine, connecting duodenum and ileum.

27
Q

Function of jejunum

A

Absorption of digestion products into bloodstream

28
Q

What products does the jejunum absorb

A

amino acids, sugars, fatty acids

29
Q

Length of ileum

A

~3metres (60% length of small intestine)

30
Q

Location of ileum

A

At the end of small intestine

31
Q

What does the ileum join

A

It joins the cecum of large intestine at ileocecal junction

32
Q

Function of ileum

A

absorbs mainly vitamin B12 and bile acids and any remaining nutrients

33
Q

Parts of Large intestines

A 
cecum 
appendix
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid
rectum
anal canal
34
Q

What is the large intestine commonly known as

A

The colon

35
Q

Length of large intestine

A

~1.5metres

36
Q

Location of large intestine

A

End of gastrointestinal tract

37
Q

Function of large intestine

A

absorption of water, and defecation of waste (faeces)

38
Q

Region of cecum

A

Right iliac region of pelvis

39
Q

What type of organ is the appendix

A

vestigial organ

40
Q

Connection of transverse colon

A

hangs off stomach, attached via greater omentum, connected to posterior abdominal wall via mesentery

41
Q

Location of taenia coli

A

run length of large intestine

42
Q

What is the taenia coli

A

three bands of longitudinal smooth muscle that keeps the bowel in place and causes it to be saculated

43
Q

What is haustra

A

bulges caused by contraction of taeniae coli

44
Q

Location of descending colon

A

starts from splenic flexure to the start of sigmoid colon

45
Q

Function of descending colon

A

To store faeces which will be emptied

46
Q

Location of sigmoid colon

A

after descending colon to the start of rectum

47
Q

Function of sigmoid colon

A

contracts to increase pressure inside colon which moves stool into rectum

48
Q

Location of rectum

A

End of large intestine

49
Q

Function of rectum

A

holds formed faeces awaiting elimination via defecation

Anatomy (11 decks)

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