Oesophageal and upper GI disease Flashcards
What are the 3 main medications in upper GI disease and what do they do?
Eliminate formed acid- antacids
Reduce acid secretion- H2 receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors
What are antacids?
Alkalis which form a salt with the gastric acid and neutralise its effect on tissues
What are the triggers for the parietal cells in the stomach wall for producing acid? Which ones work independently?
Work independently- histamine, gastrin and acetylcholine
Proton pump
Give an example of a H2 receptor antagonist?
Cimetidine or Ranitidine (not used anymore)
Give examples of proton pump inhibitors?
Omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole
Are oral diseases part of the upper GI diseases?
No- mouth and upper part of oesophagus are invaginations through the ectoderm as the head grows the accommodate the brain
Where do upper GI diseases begin?
Mid-oesophagus
What are the upper GI diseases?
Oesophageal disease and gastric disease
How can upper GI problems be examined?
Endoscopy with forceps to snip off lining tissue of stomach or capsule endoscopy
What is dysphagia and what can it be due to?4
Difficulty swallowing which can be due to food sticking, functional e.g. anxiety, dysmotility disorders e.g. fibrous replacement of muscle tissue or external compression e.g. lung tumour or aortic aneurysm
What are the 3 main causes of GORD?
Defective lower oesophageal sphincter, impaired lower clearing and impaired gastric emptying
What are some effects of GORD?
Ulceration, inflammation, metaplasia and Barrett’s oesophagitis
What are some signs and symptoms of GORD?
Epigastric burning, dysphagia, GI bleeding and severe pain from oesophageal muscle spasm
What is it called when part of the stomach is in the thorax?
Hiatus hernia
How to manage GORD?
Lose weight and avoid triggering activity, antacids, H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors, stop smoking to improve sphincter
