OEC Flashcards
1
Q
What are the five overall parts of a patient assessment?
A
Scene size up
Primary patient assessment
History taking
Secondary assessment
Re-assessment
2
Q
What is the difference between a sign and a symptom
A
Sign is something I see.
Symptom is something reported by the patient.
3
Q
What is the neck pulse called
A
Carotid
4
Q
What is the arm pulse called
A
Brachial
5
Q
What is the wrist pulse called
A
Radial
6
Q
What is the groin pulse called
A
Femoral
7
Q
What are the three types of consent
A
Informed
Implied
Minor
8
Q
Parts of scene size up
A
Safety
Nature of Injury
Precautions
Number Patients
Resources
9
Q
Parts of Primary Assesment
A
May I help you
Take a finger and point to where it hurts the most
Bleeding
ABCD Airway/Breathing/Circulation/Disability
Responsiveness AVPU Alert/Verbal/Pain/Unresponsive
Radio call SAILER sex/age/injury/location/equipment/resources
10
Q
Parts of Secondary Assesment
A
Head to toe exam
Palpate
Pupil check
Tongue out
Feel and move extremities
Deep breath
Vitals- heart rate and respiration rate
11
Q
How do I take a medical history
A
S signs and symptoms
A allergies
M medication
P past history
L last ate or drank
E events leading up to the
12
Q
What is in a short toboggan
A
Tarp
Blanket
Splints
13
Q
What is in a long toboggan
A
Tarp
Blankets
Splints
Backboard
C Collar
14
Q
ABCD
A
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
15
Q
How do I assess the level of responsiveness
A
A Alert
V Verbal
P Pain
U Unresponsive
16
Q
How do I make a radio call
A
S sex
A age
I injury
L location
E equipment
R resources
17
Q
How do I assess the eyes
A
P pupils
E equal
R round
R respond to
L light
18
Q
How do I assess trauma related injuries
A
D deformity
C contusions
A abrasions
P puncture
B burns
T tenderness
L lacerations
S swelling
19
Q
Normal pulse
A
Adult 60-100
Child 80-100
20
Q
Normal Respiration
A
Adult 12-20
Child 15-30
21
Q
Normal blood pressure
A
Adult 90-140 over 60-90
Child 80-100
22
Q
Normal oxygen saturation
A
94-99
23
Q
How do I assess level of pain
A
O onset
P palpation
Q quality
R radiation
S severity
T time
24
Q
How often do I take vitals
A
5 minutes critical
15 minutes stable
25
How do I open an airway
Head Tilt Chin Lift
Jaw thrust if cervical spine injury
26
The presence of a radial pulse correlates to a minimum systolic pressure of ?
80
27
What is the lower number in a blood pressure reading
Diastolic
28
The presence of a femoral pulse correlates to a minimum systolic pressure of ?
70
29
The presence of a carotid pulse correlates to a minimum systolic pressure of ?
60
30
What are alternative ways to open an airway?
Suction
Gravity
Position
Abdominal thrust
31
How long should I suction an airway?
Max 10-15 sec adult
Max 5-10 sec child
32
On which side is the recovery position?
Left
33
What are the 2 airway devices?
Nasopharyngeal airway (nose)
Oropharyngeal airway (mouth)
34
What are the three parts of an oxygen delivery system?
Cylinder
Regulator
Delivery device
35
What are the 3 oxygen delivery devices
Nasal cannula
Nonbreather mask
Bag valve mask
36
What is gastric distention
Air (too much pressure) flows to the stomach
37
What is a pulse oximeter?
Measures blood oxygen content as a percent
38
When do I do a finger sweep?
Patient unresponsive AND can see object
39
What do I do if giving abdominal thrusts and the person becomes unresponsive?
Start CPR
40
How do I give abdominal thrusts to an infant?
5 back blows, then five chest compressions
41
How do I insert a nasopharyngeal airway
Size
Lubricate
Insert
Check
42
What is the right size for a nasopharyngeal airway?
Nostril to earlobe
43
How do I insert a oropharyngeal airway?
Size
Insert
Check
44
What is the correct size for an oropharyngeal airway?
Mouth to angle of jaw
45
What are some barrier devices?
Face shield
Pocket mask
46
How do I open an oxygen cylinder?
2 turns counterclockwise
47
What is shock?
Inadequate perfusion (flow of blood to calls)
48
3 causes of shock?
Pump failure
Failure of blood vessels
Low fluid volume
49
2 stages of shock?
Compensated (homeostasis maintained)
Decomprnsated (rapid failure)
50
What is tachycardia?
Heart rate increase in response to shock (>100 beats per minute)
51
4 major types (causes) of shock?
Hypovolemic - fluid loss
Cardiogenic - pump failure
Distributive
Obstructive
52
3 subtypes of distributive shock?
Anaphylactic (allergy)
Septic (infection)
Neurogenic (nervous system damage)
53
What is tachypnea?
Increased respiratory rate due to shock (greater than 20 breaths per minute)
54
What is BSI?
Body substance isolation (gloves/mask)
55
Can I use an oropharyngeal airway on a conscious person?
No
56
Flow rate for a nasal cannula?
2-6 LPM
57
Flow rate for a rebreather mask or bag valve mask?
10-15 LPM
58
3 ways to treat for shock?
Oxygen
Blanket
Elevate legs
59
Steps to set up oxygen bottle?
Inspect
Break seal
Screw on regulator
Open
Set flow rate
60
Steps to break down oxygen bottle?
Turn off flow
Close bottle
Bleed pressure out
Unscrew regulator
61
Who founded ski patrol and where?
Minnie Dole
Stowe VT
62
How long do you push and hold an inhaler?
10 seconds
63
How many positions to put a stethoscope?
4 front
4 back
64
What 3 things must be true to use a patients inhaler?
Right date
Right medication
Right person
65
Above what vertebrae if broken will the patient be unable to breathe
C5
66
3 parts of chest examination process?
Look
Auscultate (listen)
Palpate
67
3 parts of chest examination process?
Look
Auscultate (listen)
Palpate
68
Primary muscle of respiration?
Diaphragm
69
What is a flail chest
Fracture of 2 or more ribs in 2 or more places
70
What is an aneurysm?
Ballooning of the outer layer of the aorta
71
What is a pneumothorax?
Air in the chest cavity
72
What is a hemothorax?
Blood on the chest cavity (pleural space)
73
How do I treat a sucking chest wound?
Tape an occlusive dressing on three sides
74
How do I transport a patient with a chest injury
Head uphill
75
What is commotio cordis?
Cardiac death due to sudden blunt chest trauma
76
What is dyspnea?
Shortness of breath
77
What controls breathing?
The amount of carbon dioxide in the blood
78
What is the most common cause of airway obstruction?
The tongue
79
4 ways to remove airway obstructions?
Finger sweep
Suction
Gravity
Abdominal thrusts
80
What is a pulmonary embolism?
Blood clot blocks the artery between the heart and lung
81
What is it called when a patient is breathing less than 10 times per minute?
Bradypnea
82
What is it called when a patient is breathing less than 10 times per minute?
Bradypnea
83
What are the 5 mechanisms of injury?
Penetrating
Rotational
Impact
Crush
Blast
84
What is CMS
Circulation
Motion
Sensitivity
85
Proper dimensions of a tourniquet?
2 inches wide
2 inches proximal to wound
3 inches from a joint
86
Difference between a dressing and a bandage?
Dressing goes directly on wound. Bandage holds dressing in place.
87
How to handle a closed soft tissue injury?
Rest
Ice
Splint
Elevate
88
What connects one bone to another bone?
Ligament
89
What connects bone to muscle?
Tendon
90
3 types of muscle?
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
91
What is a sprain?
Stretched or torn ligament
92
What is a strain?
Stretched or torn muscle
93
What is the collar bone?
Clavicle
94
What is the back bone?
Scapula
95
Three areas a femur can be fractured?
Proximal femur
Shaft
Distal femur
96
What is the weight bearing lower leg bone called?
Tibia
97
What is the non weight bearing lower leg bone?
Fibula
98
What is the upper arm bone?
Humerus
99
What are the two lower arm bones?
Radius
Ulna
100
Four types of splints?
Soft
Rigid
Traction
Improvised
101
How much weight when you apply traction?
15 lbs
102
What do you have to remove when treating any upper extremity injury?
Rings and jewelry
103
How much pull for tension?
7-8 lbs
104
Most common broken bone?
Clavicle
105
Max time to ice something?
15 minutes
106
What is a supine position?
Laying on their back
107
What is a prone position?
Laying on their stomach
108
2 components of the central nervous system?
Brain
Spinal chord
109
What are the 2 types of peripheral nerves?
Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
110
When do I use a traction splint?
Mid shaft femur (fist above knee and fist below hip)
111
Is the traction splint in the toboggan?
No, must call for it
112
How to transport a leg injury?
Leg uphill
113
How far past the foot should a traction splint extend?
6-8 inches
114
How do I splint a distal femur fracture?
Quick splint
115
How do I splint a proximal femur fracture?
Pelvic binder and back board
116
What is an allergen?
An antigen that causes an allergic reaction
117
4 ways an allergen can enter the body?
Inhaled
Ingested
Injected
Topical
118
#1 food allergy in the world?
Peanuts
119
How to administer an auto-injector?
Push into the outer thigh halfway between hip and knee. Push until click. Hold 10 seconds
120
What is abdominal evisceration?
A tear exposing intestines to the outside environment
121
Should I log roll a patient with a pelvic fracture?
No
122
How long do I hold my breath for an inhaler?
10 seconds
123
How long do I hold an autoinjector?
10 seconds
124
How do I administer nitroglycerin?
Min systolic blood pressure 100
Right person/date/medication
One spray under tongue
125
Largest artery in the body?
Aorta
126
Generalized abdominal pain is known as?
Visceral pain
127
Earliest sign of a hypothermic patient?
Shivering
128
Minimum temperature to be considered heat exhaustion?
101
129
Guidelines developed at the local level are known as
Protocols
130
Where is the gallbladder located?
Right upper abdominal quadrant
131
Size of helicopter landing zone?
100’ x 100’
132
What is the mnemonic for an altered mental state
AEIOU TIPS
133
Mnemonic for a stroke victim
F face
A arms
S speech
T time to call 911
E eyes
D denial is a positive sign
134
What is your concern for a seizure?
Protect from further injury
135
Mnemonic for nerve agent poisoning
SLUDGEM DUMBELS
136
Most commonly dislocated joint?
Shoulder
137
After I’m complete, what do I do
CVS
CMS
VITALS
SHOCK
138
The spleen is part of what system
Lymphatic
139
How long should a secondary assessment take
2-5 minutes
140
How to do CPR compressions
100-120 compressions per minute
Push 2 inches down
141
Max time to stop chest compressions in CPR?
10 seconds
142
CPR cycle for adults?
30 compressions and 2 ventilations
OR
Continuous compressions and one ventilation every 6 seconds
143
CPR compression depth
2”
1.5” for infants
144
PROCESS FOR ANY EMERGENCY
Safety
Injury
Precautions
Consent
Call 911
AVPU
Bleeding
ABCD
145
Steps to back a sled in
1. Stop at 30’- where do you want it, wheelbarrow hands, chain release
2. Slide past and J turn
3. Pull over chain
4. Bury handles
5. Stake front in lower loop
6. Stake back in upper loop
7. Test security
146
2 cardinals rules for sled
1. Never let go of it
2. Always look uphill
147
Toboggan commands?
Left
Right
Fall line
Stop
(Repeat)
