odyssey

Question 1

Kleos-

Answer 1

Glory, fame, heroism and kleos aphthiton in particular (undying glory- everyone has same death therefore glory is important)

Question 2

Nostos-

Answer 2

homecoming, homesickness, nostalgia for home or a long past

Question 3

Metis-

Answer 3

cunning, cleverness, strategic wisdom

Question 4

Polytropos-

Answer 4

showing a wide variety of skills ( intelligence, strength, bravery, endurance) “skill in all ways of contending”

Question 5

Noos –

Answer 5

the mind, way of thinking, perception, understanding, consciousness

Question 6

Xenia-

Answer 6

hospitality

Question 7

Huphaino-

Answer 7

weaving of both cloths and plots

Question 8

Manhood,

Answer 8

masculinity and men’s rites of passage

Question 9

Sema-

Answer 9

signs, prophecies, omens, fate

Question 10

Femininity:

Answer 10

the “good” wife, woman as a temptress, the mostrous woman

Question 11

homophrosyne

Answer 11

(intellectual understanding and similarity of minds)

Question 12

Sophrosyne-

Answer 12

wise restraint, controlling one’s emotions or behaviour when necessary

Question 13

Homer:

Answer 13

Greek author that originally wrote the odyssey

Question 14

Ithica:

Answer 14

home and kingdom of Odysseus

Question 15

Zeus:

Answer 15

King of all the gods, and the god of sky and lightning. He holds assembly on Mount Olympus and negotiates the desires and grievances of the gods. He punishes Odysseus when his crew eats the Cattle of the sun god Helios. He allows Athena to help Odysseus, and he allows Poseidon to hurt him.

Question 16

Athena:

Answer 16

daughter of zeus. Helps Odysseus. She advocates for Odysseus before the council of the Gods on Mount Olympus, and she provides Odysseus and his son with sage advice, most often in the form of the aged man, Mentor, as the two confront life’s battles.

Question 17

Poseidon:

Answer 17

God of sea. Originally upset that they didn’t thank him for the trojan war and eventually he despises Odysseus for blinding his son, the Cyclops Polyphemus, and constantly hampers his journey home

Question 18

Penelope:

Answer 18

Odysseus’s faithful wife who cried everyday waiting for her husband to come home

Question 19

Telemachus:

Answer 19

Odysseus’s son who is just emerging into manhood.

Question 20

Calypso:

Answer 20

she entertained Odysseus for seven years, but she could not overcome his longing for home even by promising him immortality

Question 21

Ogygia:

Answer 21

Calypso’s island, Ogygia, is where Odysseus drifts ashore after his fleet is destroyed by Zeus. It is inhabited by the beautiful nymph Calypso, who cares for Odysseus and nurses him back to health. Calypso, driven by profound loneliness, refuses to let Odysseus leave the island for seven years.

Question 22

Cicones:

Answer 22

Odysseus and his men sack the town and kill many of the Cicones, but end up retreating and losing many men when the Cicones bring in reinforcements.

Question 23

Lotus eaters:

Answer 23

the Lotus Eaters are mysterious people who live on a small island. They regularly consume lotus plants that cause them to live in a perpetual state of bliss. Their lifestyle causes them to lose all sense of urgency. Odysseus and his men spend some time on the island of the Lotus Eaters.

Question 24

Polyphemus/ cyclopes:

Answer 24

one-eyed giant son of Poseidon . cannibals, living a rude pastoral life in a distant land ,Odysseus escapes death by blinding the Cyclops Polyphemus.

Question 25

Noman/nobody:

Answer 25

, Odysseus was trapped in a cave of the Cyclops Polyphemus who ate two of the men the king of Ithaca was traveling with and was about to eat Odysseus himself. It is then, that Odysseus got Polyphemus drunk, told him that his name is “Nobody” and after that blinded the one-eyed giant. He would later scream “nobody” is hurting me which helped hium escape because no one though he needed help.

Question 26

Aeolous:

Answer 26

Aeolus gave Odysseus a favourable wind and a bag in which the unfavourable winds were confined. Odysseus’ companions opened the bag; the winds escaped and drove them back to the island. Although he appears as a human in Homer, Aeolus later was described as a minor god

Question 27

Laestrygonians:

Answer 27

The Laestrygonians, a race of giant cannibals, are one of the many challenges Odysseus faces on his odyssey. They destroy 11 of his 12 ships and kill every man except those who escape on the ship captained by Odysseus, because it is docked outside the Laestrygonian harbor.

Question 28

Circe:

Answer 28

Circe, like Calypso, is an immortal goddess who seeks to prevent Odysseus from returning home. Also like Calypso, Circe is described as “lustrous” and “the nymph with the lovely braids,” and is first seen weaving at her loom. Circe has magic powers, which she uses to turn some of Odysseus’s men into pigs.

Question 29

Hades:

Answer 29

Circe, a sorceress on the island of Aeaea, tells Odysseus he must travel to the Underworld to receive his prophecy from the blind prophet Teiresias. Odysseus follows her orders, travels to Hades, and makes animal sacrifices so the dead can drink their blood and speak about the living world.

Question 30

Hermes:

Answer 30

disguised as a young man, intervenes and tells Odysseus how to overcome Circe: He must take a magic herb, moly, which will serve as antidote to Circe’s potions. When the goddess wields her wand, Odysseus is to pull his sword and attack, not cower, as if he will run her through.

Question 31

Elpenor:

Answer 31

While Odysseus was staying on Aeaea, Circe’s island, Elpenor became drunk and climbed onto the roof of Circe’s palace to sleep. The next morning, waking upon hearing his comrades making preparations to travel to Hades, he forgot he was on the roof and fell, breaking his neck, and died in the act.

Question 32

Tiresias:

Answer 32

In the Odyssey, Circe sends Odysseus to Tiresias to advise him how to get home. The prophet tells him that he will survive the trip, but if his crew touches the cattle of Helios, they will not. His crew ends up eating the cattle and subsequently die.

Question 33

Sirens:

Answer 33

The Sirens’ goal is to lure sailors off course and to their deaths. Odysseus is tied to the boat to resist the urge to go and puts wax in all of the crew members ears so they don’t either.

Question 34

Scylla:

Answer 34

Scylla was a supernatural female creature, with 12 feet and six heads on long snaky necks, each head having a triple row of sharklike teeth, while her loins were girdled by the heads of baying dogs. From her lair in a cave she devoured whatever ventured within reach, including six of Odysseus’s companions.

Question 35

Charybdis:

Answer 35

Charybdis is a giant whirlpool located beneath a fig tree on the opposite shore from her partner, Scylla. Three times a day, “awesome” Charybdis sucks down and vomits up the surrounding waters and when active, she is impossible to escape.

Question 36

Helius:

Answer 36

Lampetië tells Helios that Odysseus’ men have slain his cattle. In turn, Helios orders the gods to take vengeance on Odysseus’ men. He threatens that if they do not pay him full atonement for the cattle, he will take the sun to the Underworld and shine it among the dead.

Question 37

Thrinacia

Answer 37

Thrinacia is the island of the sun god Helios, sometimes also identified as Hyperion. Odysseus and his crew are warned to avoid this island and, if they do visit, to avoid harming the cattle of the sun god.

Question 38

Ino:

Answer 38

Ino—’‘formerly . . . a mere mortal, but since raised to the rank of a marine goddess’‘—sees Odysseus and takes pity on him. She tells Odysseus, ‘‘strip, leave your raft to drive before the wind, and swim to the Phaeacian coast where better luck awaits you.

Question 39

Phaeacians:

Answer 39

The Phaeacians, a group of islanders who live on Scheria, play a significant role in the story. After escaping Calypso’s island of Ogygia with the help of the gods, Odysseus ends up shipwrecked on their island. The Phaeacians are well-known seafarers and navigators, a perfect people to help Odysseus find his way home.

Question 40

Eurylochus:

Answer 40

When Odysseus goes to save his men, Eurylochus refuses to guide him and urges him to escape and leave the men to their fate. When Odysseus returns from Circe, having rescued the men, Eurylochus insults Odysseus. Odysseus considers killing him but the crewmen drag them apart.

Question 41

Nausicaa:

Answer 41

Nausicaa saves Odysseus when he is starving, battered and naked after washing ashore on her island. She directs him to go to her parents, the king and queen of the island, for further assistance. Odysseus and Nausicaa have feelings for each other, but nothing results from these feelings.

Question 42

Alcinous:

Answer 42

Alcinous is the king of the Phaeacians. One of the main roles he plays in the story is asking Odysseus to retell his story following the Trojan war. He also helps Odysseus reach his home, Ithaca.

Question 43

Arete:

Answer 43

Arete appears as a noble and active superintendent of the household of her husband. When Odysseus arrived in Scheria, he appealed first to Arete for reception and protection, and she treated him hospitably.

Question 44

Scheria:

Answer 44

the home of the Phaeacians and the last destination of Odysseus in his 10-year journey before returning home to Ithaca.

Question 45

Eurycleia:

Answer 45

Eurycleia was a nurse and maid in the household of Odysseus ever since he was a child.

Question 46

Eumaeus:

Answer 46

Eumaeus is a swineherd who was raised with Odysseus, whose parents bought him as a slave when he was a child and raised him alongside Odysseus. In the Odyssey, he feels strong bonds both of servitude and of brotherhood to Odysseus, also fostering fatherly feelings toward Telemachus.

Question 47

Laertes:

Answer 47

father of odysseus

Question 48

Antinous:

Answer 48

is the first of the suitors to speak in the epic and the first to die upon Odysseus’ return. Antinous is the most disrespectful of the suitors and is the one who devises a plan to murder Telemachus upon his return to Ithaca.

Question 49

Eurymachus:

Answer 49

Eurymachus is an Ithacan nobleman and the son of Polybus. He is one of the leading suitors of the maiden Penelope. Unfortunately, he is also arrogant, disrespectful, and takes advantage of everyone’s hospitality. He is eventually killed by Odysseus.

Question 50

Amphinomous:

Answer 50

He was one of the suitors of Penelope and was considered the best-behaved of them. Despite Odysseus’s warning, Amphinomus was compelled by Athena to stay, as he had been a suitor nonetheless.

Question 51

Melantho:

Answer 51

was among the favorite female slaves of Penelope, treated like a daughter by her, having been given trinkets and other small gifts. Despite having been much cared for by Penelope, Melantho was disloyal and ungrateful to Odysseus and his household.

Question 52

Melanthius:

Answer 52

The brother of Melantho. Melanthius is a treacherous and opportunistic goatherd who supports the suitors, especially Eurymachus, and abuses the beggar who appears in Odysseus’s palace, not realizing that the man is Odysseus himself.

Question 53

Philoetius:

Answer 53

Odysseus’s primary cowherd. He remains loyal to Odysseus for the entire duration of Odysseus’s absence from his kingdom. When Odysseus finally returns to Ithaca after being away for twenty years, Philoetius is one of the few slaves who has not betrayed him.