Odontogenic Cysts of the Jaw

Question 1

what is the definition of a cyst

Answer 1

pathological cavity filled with fluid, semi-fluid or gaseous contents

Question 2

what structural classes are cysts split into

Answer 2

epithelium lined vs no epithelial lining

Question 3

what are the two classes for origins of cysts

Answer 3

odontogenic vs non-odontogenic

Question 4

what are the two different classifications of pathogenesis of cysts

Answer 4

developmental vs inflammatory

Question 5

name the four main types of inflammatory odontogenic cysts

Answer 5

radicular
residual
paradental
buccal bifurcation

Question 6

what are the four main types of developmental odontogenic cysts

Answer 6

dentigerous cyst
eruption cyst
odontogenic keratocyst
lateral periodontal cyst

Question 7

what is the most common cause of bony swelling in the jaws

Answer 7

odontogenic cysts

Question 8

where do odontogenic cysts always occur

Answer 8

above the level of the IAN canal

Question 9

what is a radicular cyst

Answer 9

associated with a non-vital tooth
initiated from chronic inflammation in the non-vital

Question 10

what is the presentation of radicular cysts

Answer 10

asymptomatic
may become infected = pain

Question 11

how do you differentiate radicular cysts vs periapical granulomas

Answer 11

radicular cysts are more than 1cm

Question 12

name two radiographic features of a radicular cyst

Answer 12

well defined, round radiolucency
corticated margin continuous with lamina dura
unilocular

Question 13

what is a granuloma

Answer 13

mass of granulation tissue that attaches to apex of non-vital tooth

Question 14

what does homogenous suggest when describing a lesion

Answer 14

same level of radiodensity/ radiopacity all the way through the lesion

Question 15

name five reasons why the lower lip might be numb

Answer 15

compression of nerve by cysts
trigeminal neuralgia
tumour compressing the nerve
damage to nerve during IDB administration
infection

Question 16

what does the infra-orbital nerve supply

Answer 16

sensation to skin of the cheek, upper lip, lateral aspect of the nose and upper teeth on same side

Question 17

what is a residual cyst

Answer 17

when a radicular cyst persists after the tooth has been extracted/ or successfully root treated

Question 18

what is a lateral radicular cyst

Answer 18

associated with accessory canals
located at the side of the tooth instead of the apex

Question 19

what is a paradental cyst

Answer 19

occurs distal aspect of a partially erupted mandibular third nolar

Question 20

what are the two types of inflammatory collateral cysts

Answer 20

paradental cysts
mandibular buccal bifurcation cysts

Question 21

what are mandibular buccal bifurcation cysts associated with

Answer 21

buccal aspect of erupting first molar

Question 22

what is a dentigerous cyst

Answer 22

developmental odontogenic cyst
embraces the crown of erupting tooth attaching at ECJ

Question 23

where is the lining of dentigerous cysts derived from

Answer 23

reduced enamel epithelium from the enamel organ

Question 24

what are dentigerous cysts most commonly associated with

Answer 24

impacted third mandibular molars

Question 25

what is the treatment for dentigerous cyts

Answer 25

enucleation or marsupialisation depending on size

Question 26

what is an eruption cyst

Answer 26

developmental odontogenic cyst overlies erupting tooth

Question 27

how are eruption cysts managed

Answer 27

conservatively but sometimes require surgical excision

Question 28

how do dentigerous cysts present radiographically

Answer 28

round/ ovoid well defined unilocular attached to crown of unerupted tooth

Question 29

what is an odontogenic keratocyst

Answer 29

cyst arising from cell rests of Serres (remnants of dental lamina) high risk of recurrence

Question 30

how can you tell the difference between an enlarged follicle vs dentigerous cyst

Answer 30

enlarged follicle - less than 5mm

Question 31

what are eruption cysts most commonly associated with

Answer 31

incisors

Question 32

how does an odontogenic keratocyst present radiographically

Answer 32

significant mesio-distal expansion scalloped margins multilocular

Question 33

what syndrome is Odontogenic Keratocysts associated with

Answer 33

Gorlin Goltz (basal cell naevus syndrome)

Question 34

what is Gorlin Goltz

Answer 34

multiple basal cell carcinomas on skin

Question 35

what is an orthokeratinised odontogenic cyst

Answer 35

uncommon developmental cyst clinically similar to OKC - but histologically different no association with Gorlin Goltz

Question 36

what is a lateral periodontal cyst

Answer 36

associated with lateral surface of tooth root vital tooth and asymptomatic

Question 37

how is lateral periodontal cyst treated

Answer 37

enucleation

Question 38

what are gingival cysts

Answer 38

derived from rests of serres in gingival or alveolar tissues

Question 39

what are the two types of gingival cysts

Answer 39

those of adults - blueish sessile swellings those of infants - bohn's nodules

Question 40

what is the glandular odontogenic cyst

Answer 40

rare developmental odontogenic cyst in anterior mandible can be multilocular high recurrence rate

Question 41

what is a calcifying odontogenic cyst

Answer 41

radiopaque uni or multilocular presentation adjacent teeth can be resorbed/ displaced

Question 42

what is a non-odontogenic epithelial cysts

Answer 42

nasopalatine duct cyst

Question 43

what is a nasopalatine duct cyst

Answer 43

non-odontogenic, epithelial cyst slowly enlarging swelling anteriorly in the region of midline of palae

Question 44

what is a non-epithelial jaw cyst

Answer 44

occurs mostly in long bones but sometimes found in the jaws

Question 45

what are the non-epithelial cysts

Answer 45

solitary bone cyst aneurysmal bone cyst stafne's bone cyst

Question 46

what is a solitary bone cyst

Answer 46

occurs in premolar/ molar region of mandible no symptoms - incidental finding no lining in the cavity

Question 47

what is the radiographic presentation of solitary bone cyst

Answer 47

radiolucency with well defined margins scalloping prominent feature

Question 48

what is Stafne's idiopathic bone cavity

Answer 48

developmental anomaly of mandible asymptomatic - chance finding usually located below inferior dental canal

Question 49

how does stafne's bone cyst appear radiographically

Answer 49

round/ oval usually under IAN canal at angle of the mandible

Question 50

what is cyst enucleation

Answer 50

removal of entire cyst lining and contents depends on size and shape

Question 51

name three complications of enucleation

Answer 51

damage to IAN communication with maxillary sinus (OAC) risk of recurrence

Question 52

what is marsupialisation

Answer 52

opening of cyst space insert something to keep it open

Question 53

what are three complications of marsupialisation

Answer 53

need for further surgery long treatment times chance of reinfection

Question 54

what is segmental resection

Answer 54

removal of cyst with a margin of normal bone

Question 55

when is segmental resection usually used

Answer 55

ameloblastoma sarcoma