Odontogenic Cysts of the Jaw Flashcards
what is the definition of a cyst
pathological cavity filled with fluid, semi-fluid or gaseous contents
what structural classes are cysts split into
epithelium lined vs no epithelial lining
what are the two classes for origins of cysts
odontogenic vs non-odontogenic
what are the two different classifications of pathogenesis of cysts
developmental vs inflammatory
name the four main types of inflammatory odontogenic cysts
radicular
residual
paradental
buccal bifurcation
what are the four main types of developmental odontogenic cysts
dentigerous cyst
eruption cyst
odontogenic keratocyst
lateral periodontal cyst
what is the most common cause of bony swelling in the jaws
odontogenic cysts
where do odontogenic cysts always occur
above the level of the IAN canal
what is a radicular cyst
associated with a non-vital tooth
initiated from chronic inflammation in the non-vital
what is the presentation of radicular cysts
asymptomatic
may become infected = pain
how do you differentiate radicular cysts vs periapical granulomas
radicular cysts are more than 1cm
name two radiographic features of a radicular cyst
well defined, round radiolucency
corticated margin continuous with lamina dura
unilocular
what is a granuloma
mass of granulation tissue that attaches to apex of non-vital tooth
what does homogenous suggest when describing a lesion
same level of radiodensity/ radiopacity all the way through the lesion
name five reasons why the lower lip might be numb
compression of nerve by cysts
trigeminal neuralgia
tumour compressing the nerve
damage to nerve during IDB administration
infection
what does the infra-orbital nerve supply
sensation to skin of the cheek, upper lip, lateral aspect of the nose and upper teeth on same side
what is a residual cyst
when a radicular cyst persists after the tooth has been extracted/ or successfully root treated
what is a lateral radicular cyst
associated with accessory canals
located at the side of the tooth instead of the apex
what is a paradental cyst
occurs distal aspect of a partially erupted mandibular third nolar
what are the two types of inflammatory collateral cysts
paradental cysts
mandibular buccal bifurcation cysts
what are mandibular buccal bifurcation cysts associated with
buccal aspect of erupting first molar
what is a dentigerous cyst
developmental odontogenic cyst
embraces the crown of erupting tooth attaching at ECJ
where is the lining of dentigerous cysts derived from
reduced enamel epithelium from the enamel organ
what are dentigerous cysts most commonly associated with
impacted third mandibular molars
what is the treatment for dentigerous cyts
enucleation or marsupialisation depending on size
what is an eruption cyst
developmental odontogenic cyst
overlies erupting tooth
how are eruption cysts managed
conservatively but sometimes require surgical excision
how do dentigerous cysts present radiographically
round/ ovoid
well defined unilocular
attached to crown of unerupted tooth
what is an odontogenic keratocyst
cyst arising from cell rests of Serres (remnants of dental lamina)
high risk of recurrence
how can you tell the difference between an enlarged follicle vs dentigerous cyst
enlarged follicle - less than 5mm
what are eruption cysts most commonly associated with
incisors
how does an odontogenic keratocyst present radiographically
significant mesio-distal expansion
scalloped margins
multilocular
what syndrome is Odontogenic Keratocysts associated with
Gorlin Goltz (basal cell naevus syndrome)
what is Gorlin Goltz
multiple basal cell carcinomas on skin
what is an orthokeratinised odontogenic cyst
uncommon developmental cyst
clinically similar to OKC - but histologically different
no association with Gorlin Goltz
what is a lateral periodontal cyst
associated with lateral surface of tooth root
vital tooth and asymptomatic
how is lateral periodontal cyst treated
enucleation
what are gingival cysts
derived from rests of serres in gingival or alveolar tissues
what are the two types of gingival cysts
those of adults - blueish sessile swellings
those of infants - bohn’s nodules
what is the glandular odontogenic cyst
rare
developmental odontogenic cyst in anterior mandible
can be multilocular
high recurrence rate
what is a calcifying odontogenic cyst
radiopaque uni or multilocular presentation
adjacent teeth can be resorbed/ displaced
what is a non-odontogenic epithelial cysts
nasopalatine duct cyst
what is a nasopalatine duct cyst
non-odontogenic, epithelial cyst
slowly enlarging swelling anteriorly in the region of midline of palae
what is a non-epithelial jaw cyst
occurs mostly in long bones but sometimes found in the jaws
what are the non-epithelial cysts
solitary bone cyst
aneurysmal bone cyst
stafne’s bone cyst
what is a solitary bone cyst
occurs in premolar/ molar region of mandible
no symptoms - incidental finding
no lining in the cavity
what is the radiographic presentation of solitary bone cyst
radiolucency with well defined margins
scalloping prominent feature
what is Stafne’s idiopathic bone cavity
developmental anomaly of mandible
asymptomatic - chance finding
usually located below inferior dental canal
how does stafne’s bone cyst appear radiographically
round/ oval
usually under IAN canal at angle of the mandible
what is cyst enucleation
removal of entire cyst lining and contents
depends on size and shape
name three complications of enucleation
damage to IAN
communication with maxillary sinus (OAC)
risk of recurrence
what is marsupialisation
opening of cyst space
insert something to keep it open
what are three complications of marsupialisation
need for further surgery
long treatment times
chance of reinfection
what is segmental resection
removal of cyst with a margin of normal bone
when is segmental resection usually used
ameloblastoma
sarcoma
