Odd Bits IFR Flashcards
Category Vat for LDG Minima
CAT A - less than 60kts
CAT B - 91 to 120kts
CAT C - 121 to 140kts
What is Vat?
IAS at the threshold and is 1.3 X Vs in LDG config
Determine landing minima.
Fit into one CAT
AC MUST FIT INTO ONE CATEGORY
1/ AC may not reduce CAT due lighter operating weight.
2/ CAT can be INC when handling speeds are in excess for that CAT
!! Provided AC can operate within a lower CAT and subject to CASA approval AC can operate in a lower CAT!!
Decent below LSALT/MSA
Only once the AC arrives at the facility or IAF.
Unless in an emergency AC must not descend below MDA/DA when minima is not met.
Approach with Vertical Guidance (APV)
Aligns with RWY centre line.
Non Precision approach (NPA)
Can align with RWY CL or be offset by up to 30 degrees for CAT A & B
When can you manoeuvre to align with CL?
A) Within Circling Area.
B) VIS ref maintained.
C) Continually insight of ground or water.
Visual Ref while circling means?
RWY threshold, RWY markers, approach lights are visible to pilot.
For a circling approach pilot must be
1/ Clear of cloud,
2/ VIS not less than minima for circling, &
3/ Insight of ground and water.
For a RWY approach pilot can descend below MDA/DA when?
Ensure the inflight VIS is not less than on chart.
Missed Approach before MAPt pilot must
1/ Fly to MAPt then follow the missed approach procedure. A MAPt can be a - Intersecting point - Navigation point - A fix or - A distance from FAF
Initiating a circling missed approach
1/ begin a climbing turn towards the LDG runway. And
2/ Take up TRK for the missed approach.
Missed Approach Tracking
1/ When lateral guidance specified - Intercept nominated TRK
2/ When lateral guidance based on GNSS for straight in MAP - turn onto MAPt and follow GNSS commands to next waypoint.
- For a turn after MAPt - if no waypoint make TRK using GNSS.
- IAP with radio Nav aid and MAP doesn’t specify TRK - use DR to achieve TRK. A man aid can be used but not required.
Decent for a straight in approach A/C must
1/ Radio Nab aid - Cross facility or fix
2/ RNAV - Pass waypoint and establish on TRK to begin descent not below specified altitude.
If reversal has a descent
- Descend to altitude after crossing fix or facility and once established on TRK or on turn to intercept outbound TRK.
- A further descent after reversal must not start till established on inbound TRK.
- If no FAF the final segment begins on reversal procedure*
Established means?
When AC is within NDB = +- 5 degree VOR/RNAV = Half scale deflection DME = +- 2nm VIS = 1nm
What does the 25 and 10nm MSA allow?
Provides 1000ft OCA And
Permits deviations in MSA to facilitate entry into an IAP.
Hold pattern timing changes
Pilot can shorten hold timing
Hold patter can be increased if no altitude restriction by obstacles and approved by CASA
PIC must ensure
1/ Return to land necessary - All met conditions are at or above minima or allow VIS approach.
2/ If eng failure occurs after lift off or in non VMC - Terrain clearance assured till LSALT/MSA.
3/ If return no possible - AC perf/fuel adequate to proceed to an alternate.
Minima correction for non standard Temp
- ISA deviation = Error in Alt reading.
- LDG minima doesn’t allow for non standard temps.
- In cold conditions altitude is lower than indicated, reducing OCA.
- if temp below -15 altitude correction in DAPS required.
ILS Cautions
1/ False course/ course reversal - occurs out side 35 degrees either side of LLZ TRK.
2/ Back Beam Radiation - ILS LLZ can be received on Nav instruments when approaching reciprocal runways.
3/ Pitch up upsets - occur when
- Intercepting glide path from above or
- Significantly deviating above normal glide path.
Manually calculating LSALT?
1- 1000ft above highest obstacle
2- 1360ft above height of corrected terrain height
3- 1500ft above MSL
LSALT area when manually calculating with a radio Nav aid
10.3 degree splays either side of TRK till reaching 30nm then in to dest AD at 10.3 degree with a 5nm buffer.
LSALT area when manually calculating with no radio Nav aid?
From departure splay out at 15 degrees till you reach 50nm then come into dest AD at 15 degrees with a 5nm buffer.
LSALT area when manually calculating RNP 4.
From departure AD splay out at 15 degrees till 8nm and come into dest AD at 15 degree with a circling area at Dep and dest. With a 5nm buffer
LSALT area when manually calculating with RNAV?
From departure AD splay out at 15 degree till 7nm and back into the dest AD at 15 degree with a 5nm circling area at Dep and dest AD.
No buffer
LSALT area when manually calculating with NVFR?
10nm out from TRK between destination and departure AD. No buffer.
LSALT calc for RNP2
Go out from Dep to 5nm to around the dest AD
Special VFR class C and D
Pilot must request SVFR and is must be ATC approved
By day only
Remain clear of cloud with 1.6km VIS.
IFR flight and duty times? CHTR and AWK. A/C less than 5.7T.
- Can fly a TOD excess of 11hr but not exceeding 15hr.
- Period not less than 4hrs free of duties available to pilot.
- can’t fly more than 2 consecutive TOD unless a 24hr rest period provided between them.
- Can’t roster to fly more than 2 TOD excess of 11hrs within 6 consecutive days.
- Pilot shall not fly more than 6hrs of flight instruction on any TOD in excess of 11hrs.
Comms failure Class G!
Remain VMC
Broadcast intentions transmitting blind
Ramon in class G and land at nearest AD
Inform ATS of arrival.
Comms failure in CTA/Restricted airspace or IFR any airspace?
Squawk 7600
Listing on ATIS or voice modulated NAVAIDS
Transmit intentions transmitting blind.
IF VMC - stay VMC and land at a suitable AD.
IF IMC or not sure of maintaining VMC -
- if no clearance limit proceed with latest ATC clearance and climb to panned level.
- if clearance limit maintain last assigned lvl for 3min or hold at nominated location for 3 min then proceed with last route clearance and climb to planned level.
- if receiving ATS surveillance climb to MSA/LSALT and if vectored maintain last vector for 2min then proceed in Accord to latest clearance.
- If holding fly one more pattern the proceed with latest clearance.
