Odd Flashcards
It is a nonpenetrating cryoprotective agent added to protect cells against damage.
Hydroxyethyl Starch (HES)
It is a fluid obtained from a cyst of a dog tapeworm which can be a source of P1 substance used to neutralize anti-P1
Hydatid cyst
It is the decrease in body temperature.
Hyphotermia
It is a reaction of the body to respond and recognize foreign substances.
Immune Response
Immunologic reaction induced by initial exposure to the antigens.
Primary Immune Response
Immunologic reaction induced following a second exposure to an antigen ; also known as anamnestic response.
Secondary Immune Response
In reference to glycoprotein or glycolipid antigens, it is the sugar molecule that gives the antigen its specificity or identifies it uniquely.
Immunodominant Sugar
H antigen specificity
L- fucose
A antigen specificity
N - acetyl - D- galactosamine
B antigen specificity
D - galactose
It is any substance capable of stimulating an immune response.
Immunogen
It is the ability of an antigen to stimulate an antibody response.
Immunogenicity
It is a synonym for an antibody.
Immunoglobulin
It is the study of blood-related antigens and antibodies.
Immunohematology
It is the rare dominant gene that inhibits the production of all Lutheran antigens.
In Lu
It the presence of agglutination or hemolysis in compatibility testing.
Incompatible
While the fetus is in the uterus.
In utero
It is the in vitro reaction in which under certain condition of time and temperature allow antigen-antibody complex to occur.
Incubation
It refers to random behavior of genes on separate chromosome inherited separately from each other.
Independent assortment
It refers to passing of one gene from each parent to the offspring.
Independent segregation
It is the transfusion administered to a fetus while still in the uterus.
Intrauterine transfusion
It is the number of charged particles in a solution.
Ionic strength
It is the gamma or electron treatment of a cellular blood product to prevent transfusion associated graft-vs-host disease ( TA-GVHD )
Irradiation
It is the condition characterized by a yellow appearance of the skin, sclera of the eyes and body secretions caused by increased bilirubin level.
Jaundice
It is a condition due an increased in unconjugated bilirubin.
Kernicterus
It is the test performed ona maternal blood specimen to detect fetal maternal hemorrhage.
Kleihauer-Betke acid elution test
It states that the ABO antibodies are present in plasma/ serum when the corresponding ABO blood antigens are not present on the erythrocytes.
Landsteiner Law
It is the combination of antibody and a multivalent antigen to form cross links and result in a visible agglutination reaction.
Lattice formation
It is a seed extract capable of agglutinating red cells carrying the corresponding antigen.
Lectin
Agglutinate red cells with A1 antigen
Dolichos biflorus (anti - A1)
Agglutinate red cells with H antigen
Ulex europaeus (anti - H)
Agglutinate red cells with N antigen
Vicia graminea (anti - N)
Agglutinate red cells with M antigen
Iberis amara (anti - M)
Agglutinate red cells with T antigen
Arachis hypogea (anti - T)
Agglutinate red cells with Tn antigen
Salvia sclaera (anti - Tn)
It is a graph used to predict severity of HDN during pregnancy by evaluation of the amniotic fluid.
Liley Graph
Zone I
Mild or no disease
Zone II
Moderate disease
Zone III
Severe and life threatening hemolysis
It is a location of a gene on a chromosome.
Locus
It is a condition of an abnormal presence of of high molecular weight immunoglobulins.
Macroglobulinemia
It is the replacement of one or more blood volumes within 24 hour interval.
Massive transfusion
It is the common drug used in the treatment of hypertension; frequently the cause of a positive DAT.
Methyl Dopa
It is a type of agglutination pattern where a population of the red cells has agglutinated and the remainder of the red cells are not agglutinated.
Mixed Field Agglutination
It is the manner by which a gene is passed from one generation to another.
Mode of Inheritance
It is a trait that appears when the gene that has been inherited can be found in each generation occurs with equal frequency in males and females.
Autosomal Dominant
It is a trait manifested by people who are homozygous for the alleles. Both parents who do not express the trait may be carrier or heterozygous for the recessive allele.
Autosomal Recessive
These are traits transmitted to all daughters of affected father but not to sons.
Sex- Linked Dominant
The trait appears much more frequently in males than in females due to inheritance from carrier mothers.
Sex- Linked Recessive
It is an antigen composed of several units or subpart such as the Rho (D) antigen.
Mosaic (Du variant)
D antigen with complete subpart
Rh ABCD
D antigen with missing A-subpart
Rh aBCD
D antigen with missing B-subpart
Rh AbCD
D antigen with missing C-subpart
Rh ABcD
D antigen with missing D-subpart
Rh ABCd
It is the term for woman having born more than one child.
Multiparous
It is a malignant neoplasm of rhe bone marrow characterized by abnormal proteins in the plasma and urine.
Multiple Myeloma
It is the fusion of a malignant and normal cell that produces large quantities of monoclonal antibodies.
Murine Hydbridoma
It is a group of sugars found on the red blood cell membrane attached to a protein backbone; major source of the membrane’s net negative charge.
NANA (Sialic Acid)
It is relating to birth.
Natal
Before birth
Prenatal
After birth
Postnatal
It refers to a newborn infant up to 4 months of age.
Neonate
It is an enzyme that cleaves sialic acid from the red blood cell membrane.
Neuraminidase
It is also known as agglutination-inhibition, and it also refers to absence of agglutination due to the inability of an antibody to react with red cell antigen because of previously bound soluble substance; principle involve in saliva testing.
Neutralization
It is the basic building blocks of DNA which is composed of a phosphate group, a sugar group and a base.
Nucleotide
It is any individual who fails to express any antigens on the red cells
Null Phenotype
It is a chemical compound formed by a small number of simple carbohydrate molecules
Oligosaccharide Chain
It is the required temperature in degrees C by which the antibody is most reactive.
Optimum temperature
IgM cold reactive antibody
1-6 degrees C / 20-24 degrees C (cold temperature or room temperature)
IgG warm reacting antibody
37 degrees C (warm temperature)
It is the spontaneous clumping of red blood cells against a given serum
Panagglutination
It is the group O reagent red blood cells that are used for antibody identification
Panel cell
It refers to a woman who had at least one pregnancy
Primiparous
It is a type of cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia in which a biphasic IgG antibody can be demonstrated with anti- P specificity
Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria
It is a D antigen that is missing part of its typical antigenic structure
Partial D
It refers to the chance that the alleged father is the biological father
Paternity Index
It is a diagrammatic chart used for illustrating the inheritance patterns of traits in a family study
Pedigree chart
It refers to the detectable characteristics of genes
Phenotype
It is the initial treatment of elevated bilirubin using lights
Phototherapy
It is the extra blood sample collected during blood donation from a donor which is intented for serological test
Pilot Tube
It refers to the fibrinogen containing liquid portion of anticoagulated blood; it can be used as a specimen for backward typing to detect antibodies however might present problem because it can bring about rouleaux formation.
Plasma
It is the plasma prepared from a whole blood subjected to heavy spin which allow sedimentation of platelet and leaving a plasma almost free of platelets
PPP (Platelet Poor Plasma)
It is the plasma prepared from a whole subjected to soft spin which allows sedimentation of platelets thus leaving a plasma that contains high number of platelets
PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma)
They are products that are transfused in patients suffering from (decrease plasma volume) or indicated among burn and shock patients.
Plasma Volume Expander
96% albumin + 4% globulin
NSA (Normal Serum Albumin)
83% albumin + 17% globulin
PPF (Plasma Protein Fraction)
Ringer’s Lactate (Na, CI, K, Ca, lactate ions)
Normal Saline Solution (0.85%-0.9% NaCI)
Crystalloids
Dextran (6%-10%)
HES (hydroethyl starch)
Colloids
It is the inability of the patient to respond favorably after platelet transfusion thus the desired increment in platelet is not achieve.
Platelet refractoriness
It is the spontaneous agglutination of red cells by most normal adult sera regardless of blood group.
Polyagglutination
It is the blood group system showing several allelic forms therefore rendering more than one alternative phenotype.
Polymorphism
It is a term referring to after child birth.
Post partum
It is a term referring to after transfusion.
Post transfusion
It is the relative strength of an antibody present in a given antiserum usually expressed in titer (i.e. Anti-A and Anti-B, the required potency is 1 : 256).
Potency
It is any substance that enhances antigen-antibody interaction from a given cell-serum mixture which may be used to detect low-titered antibody in routine testing.
Potentiator
This medium has lower ionic strength that increases the rate of antibody association. Incubation may be shortened to 5-15 minutes if this medium is used.
LISS (Low Ionic Strength Saline solution) : 0.2% NaCI in glycine
It is a positively charge polymer that reduces zeta potential by neutralizing the negative charge in red cell. It is useful in the identification of antibodies in the Kidd bloodgroup system.
Polybrene
It enhances antigen-antibody reaction by concentrating antibody in the mixture through removal of water.
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)
In genetics, this refers to a 2 x 2 grid used for gene combination.
Punnett Square
It is a system of procedures that ensures a laboratory to operate with the most minimal errors.
Quality Assurance
It is the close monitoring of laboratory operations to allow maximum reliability of test result.
Quality Control
In transfusion medicine, this refers to a person who benefits and receives blood transfusion.
Recipient
It refers to the required speed in a given time to sediment particles from a fluid mixture; calculated as 1.118 x 105 x radius x (rpm)2.
Relative Centrifugal Force (RCF)
It is the disease of unknown cause most frequently seen among premature infants characterized primarily by acute difficulty in breathing; formerly known as “Hyaline Membrane Disease”.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
It is a synonym for antigens in the Rh blood group system.
Rh factor
It is the concentrated and purified anti-D given as a prophylactic or preventive treatment to Rh (-) person who is exposed to D-antigen either through pregnancy or blood transfusion. Each vial of 300 ug of RhIg protects against 30 mL fetal whole blood or 15 mL of packed cells.
Rh Immune Globulin (RhIg)
It is an inherited characteristics showing decreased expression of Rh antigens.
Rhmod
It is a phenotype of a person who suffers from anemia and whose red cells do not express any Rh antigens.
Rhnull
It is used to determine fetomaternal hemorrhage based on the ability of fetal cells to aggregate around indicator cells (0.2%-0.5% O-cell suspension, R2 R2 red blood cell).
Rosette test
It is the group of red cells whose appearance resembles stacks of coins associated with the use of plasma expanders or presence of abnormal plasma proteins.
Rouleaux Formation
It is the procedure used to determine blood group soluble substances; this test is useful in establishing real blood group if the expression is so weak to be detected by routine cell typing.
Saliva Testing
He is a person who acquired the Se gene either homozygously (SeSe) or heterozygously (Sese) and is capable of producing ABH substances in secretions.
Secretor
He is a person who does not inherit the Se gene (sese) and is incapable of producing ABH substances in secretions.
Non Secretor
It is the method of getting a sample to an individual.
Sampling
They are samples collected prior to actual blood transfusion.
Pre Transfusion sampling
They are samples collected after actual blood transfusion.
Post Transfusion sampling
It is an additional blood bag attached to the primary bag generally intended for component preparation.
Satellite bags
It is the group “O” cells with complete profile of antigens used in antibody detection.
Screening Cells
It is the process of allowing interaction or attachment of an incomplete antibody to red cell antigen but no subsequent agglutination reaction seen.
Sensitization
It is an attachment of a serum antibody to red cell antigen.
It is a procedure that is done in a tube.
In Vitro sensitization
It is an attachment of a serum antibody to red cell antigen.
It is a reaction that happens intravascularly.
In Vivo sensitization
It is a systemic disease caused by the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the body; presence of microbes in blood.
Septicemia
It is the yellowish liquid portion of blood after clotting or centrifugation which can also be used as a source of antibody.
Serum
It refers to the required drops of serum to the mix with certain drops of red cell suspension to achieve greater reactivity.
Serum to Cell Ratio
Achieved by dropping 2 drops serum to 1 drop 5% red cell suspension
40 : 1 ratio
Achieved by dropping 4 drops serum to 1 drop 3% red cell suspension
133 : 1 ratio
In transfusion medicine, it refers to the length of time when blood can still be used before it expires; usually related to the type of anticoagulant used.
Shelf Life (expiration date)
21 days after collection
ACD, CPD, CP2D
35 days after collection
CPDA-1
It is a severe physiologic reaction to trauma characterized by pallor, cyanosis, weak rapid pulse, drop in blood pressure which often leads to unconsciousness.
Shock
It is a chemical preservative used in commercial typing sera to prevent bacterial contamination.
Sodium azide (0.1%)
It is the characteristics of an antibody to react with cell expressing the corresponding antigen only (i.e. Anti-A will react to A-antigen but not to B-antigen in red cell).
Specificity
It is the biochemical changes happening on blood upon in vitro storage.
Storage lesion
These are antigens within the ABO group that are weakly expressed thus react less strongly with their corresponding antibody; often, it leads to ABO discrepancy.
Subgroup
It refers to the boundary of the ionic cloud surrounding RBC in saline at which zeta potential is measured.
Surface of Shear (slipping plane)
It is a brief loss of consciousness related to fainting.
Syncope
Also called as therapeutic apheresis, it refers to removal of blood components for treatment purposes.
Therapeutic Phlebotomy
It is a reagent that can be used to disperse agglutination caused by cold reactive IgM autoantibodies; useful in differentiating IgM from IgG antibodies.
Thiol reagent
It is the reciprocal of the highest dilution that shows a visible reaction.
Titer
It is an inherited characteristics based from gene action.
Trait
It is the administration of blood or its component intravenously.
Transfusion
It is the blood taken from a patient to be used for the same patient.
Autologous transfusion
It is the transfer of blood directly from one person to another.
Direct transfusion
It is used in infants with HDN, it refers to withdrawal of small volume of blood and subsequent replacement with compatible blood.
Exchange transfusion
It is the transfusion of blood stored in blood bag coming from a homologous donor.
Indirect transfusion
It is the blood transfusion to fetus in utero.
Intrauterine transfusion
It is the adverse reaction happening to a patient following transfusion of a unit of blood or its components.
Transfusion Reaction
It is a batch test that includes ABO, Rh and antibody screening test.
Type and Screen (T/S)
It is a set of guidelines developed to protect healthcare workers from exposure to infectious agents.
Universal precaution
It is the vascular skin reaction commonly signaling allergic reaction.
Urticaria (hives)
It refers to type O and type AB individuals who are considred popularly as universal donor and recipient respectively.
Universality concept
It is the ability of red cell to survive in vivo after transfusion.
Viability
It is the plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by excessive production of gamma M globulin.
Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia
It is a colorless crystalline compound widely used as an anticlotting drug; anticoagulant drug that acts by inhibiting synthesis of vitamin K defendent factors: II, VII, IX and X; an acronym for Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation + (Coum) arin
Warfarin
It refers to successive suspension of whole blood with NSS, centrifugation, and finally decanting completely the supernatant fluid. This us preferably done three times to remove interfering substances which is present in plasma. This is widely used in the preparation of red cell suspension.
Washing
It is the weaker variant of D-antigen that is detectable only through indirect antihuman globulin test.
Weak D (Du)
Does not require AHG for detection
High grade
Requires AHG for detection
Low grade
It is the thick gelatinous substance rich in hyaluronic acid that make up the matrix of the umbilical cord.
Wharton’s jelly
It is the period of time when the disease is present but tested serologically negative.
Window period
It is a soluble haptenic forms of A and B antigens capable of neutralizing their corresponding antibodies.
Witebsky substance
It is the blood group whose genes are located in the X-chromosome; Xga antigenis seen in greatest frequency among females than males.
Xg blood group
It is the net negative charge of red cell measured at the surface of shear; if it is reduced, red cells tend to become closer to each other and therefore easier to agglutinate.
Zeta potential
It is a reaction that is influenced by the amount of antigen and antibody from the cell-serum mixture; presence of either prozone or postzone often leads to false negative result.
Zonal reaction
Zone of antibody excess (happens if more serum is added)
Prozone
Zone of antigen excess (happens if red cell suspension is to heavy)
Post zone
Zone of maximum or greatest reaction
Equivalence zone
It is a mixture of 0.1 M dithiothreitol (DTT) plus 0.1% cysteine-activated papain used to dissociate IgG molecules from erythrocytes showing a positive DAT reaction.
ZZAP
