Ocular Toxicology And Evolution

Question 1

What is the ocular scoring system used in toxicology studies?

Answer 1

The Hackett-McDonald ocular scoring system

Question 2

What is the minimum standard of care in toxicology studies?

Answer 2

Slit lamp biomicroscopy

Indirect ophthalmoscopy

Question 3

When are animals studied in ocular toxicology?

Answer 3

Pre study
Studies conclusion
Recovery phase

Question 4

How long ago did the earth form? 
First life?
Mammals?
Humans?
Cats?

Bilateral eyes?

Answer 4

4.6 billion years ago
3.8 billion years ago
200 million years ago
200,000 years ago
20 million years ago

600 million years ago

Question 5

What happened during the Cambrian explosion?

Answer 5

15m years ago
Division between vertebrates and invertebrates
First eye appears in fossil records

Question 6

What was the first fossil record of an eye?

Answer 6

Trilobite

Question 7

What happened in the Devonian period?

Answer 7

Explosion of diversity of fish species

Question 8

What anatomy has the human eye lost in evolution?

Answer 8

Retractor bulbi muscle

Nictitans membrane

Question 9

How many photopigments do humans have?

Answer 9

3

Question 10

How many visual pigments do mammals normally have?

Humans?

Answer 10

2 - Blue and red

3 - including green/yellow

Question 11

Do humans have retractor bulbi muscle?

How many photopigments?

Answer 11

No

3