ocular pharmacology

Question 1

does alcohol/acetate make steroids more or less hydrophobic?

therefore, prednisolone acetate is useful in ??? (inflamed or uninflamed cornea)

Answer 1

more hydrophobic

useful in uninflamed

Question 2

phosphate makes steroid more ???

therefore prednisolone phosphate is useful for??

Answer 2

hydrophilic

poor penetration in uninflamed cornea
useful for corneal disease of when we want low dose steroids

Question 3

what is benzalkonium?

Answer 3

preservative

Question 4

what do mydriatics do?
examples?
side effects?

Answer 4

dilate the pupil by blocking parasympathetic supply to the iris
e.g. tropic amide, cyclopentolate
S/E’s: blurred vision, acute angle closure glaucoma

Question 5

what do sympathomimetics do?

examples

Answer 5

dilate the pupil by acting on the sympathetics

e.g. phenylephrine, atropine

Question 6

what investigation is essential before using steroids on the eye?

Answer 6

slit lamp to check for dendritic ulcers

Question 7

what drug lowers IOP in glaucoma

Answer 7

bimatoprost

Question 8

procedure used to determine the IOP

Answer 8

tonometry

Question 9

drugs used to treat open angle glaucoma

Answer 9

LATANOPROST
beta blockers e.g. timolol
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors e.g. dorzalomide
alpha-2-adrenergic agonist - brimonidine - make eye more leaky
parasympathetic - pilocarpine (causes miosis - pupil constriction)