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Ocular Pharmacology with Therapeutics > OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY > Flashcards

OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

They are specialized dosage forms designed to be instilled onto the external surface of the eye, administered inside, and adjacent.

A

Ophthalmic preparation

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2
Q

Most commonly employed ophthalmic dosage forms

A

Solutions, suspensions, and ointments

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3
Q

Newest dosage forms for ophthalmic drug delivery

A

Gels, gel-forming solutions, ocular inserts, intravitreal injections, and implants

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4
Q

Drugs used in the eye:

A

Miotics
Mydriatics
Cycloplegic
Anti-inflammatories
Anti-infectives
Anti-glaucoma
Anesthetics
Adjuncts

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5
Q

General safety considerations:

A

Sterility
Ocular toxicity and irritation
Preservation and preservatives

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6
Q

Normal autoclaving temp

A

121 degrees for 20-30 min.

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7
Q

Methods for sterilization

A

Sterile membrane filtration under aseptic conditions but not suitable for suspension
Sterilization by autoclaving in the final packaging but not suitable for heat labile drugs and plastic containers
Gas, as ethylene oxide or ionizing radiations as gamma ray

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8
Q

Used to test the ocular toxicity and irritation of ophthalmic formulations

A

Albino rabbits

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9
Q

Organism that grow in the cornea and can cause blindness

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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10
Q

Should be used throughout the manufacturing area

A

Laminar-flow

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11
Q

Characteristics in optimizing ocular drug delivery system

A

Good corneal penetration
Prolong contact time with corneal tissue
Simplicity of instillation for the patient
Non irriatative and comfortable form
Appropriate rheological properties

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12
Q

Classifications of ODDS

A

Liquid
Semisolid
Solid
Intraocular dosage forms

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13
Q

Functions of inactive ingredients in ophthalmic sol. and susp.

A

Tonicity and tonicity-adjusting agents
PH adjustment and buffers
Stabilizers and antioxidants
Surfactants
Viscosity-imparting agents
Vehicles

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14
Q

Every product would be buffered to a pH of

A

7.4

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15
Q

Ingredients added to a formula to decrease the rate of decomposition of the active ingredients

A

Stabilizers

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16
Q

Principle stabilizers added to some ophthalmic solutions

A

Antioxidants

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17
Q

Used in concentration up to 0.3% in epinephrine hydrochloride

A

Sodium bisulfite

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18
Q

Order of surfactant toxicity

A

Anionic> cationic> nonionic

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19
Q

Used as vehicle for several topical eye drop products

A

Oils

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20
Q

Ointment vehicles used in ophthalmology is a mixture of

A

Mineral oil and petroleum base

21
Q

sterile solid or semisolid preparations, with a thin, flexible, and multilayered structure

A

Ophthalmic inserts

22
Q

Advantages of ocuserts

A

Increasing contact time and improving bioavailability.
Providing a prolong drug release
Reduction of adverse effects
Reduction of the number administrations

23
Q

A multilayered structure consisting of a drug containing core surrounded on each side by a layer of copolymer membrane

A

Insoluble insert

24
Q

Consists of all monolytic polymeric devices that at the end of their release, the device dissolve

A

Soluble inserts

25
Q

A sterile ophthalmic insert use in the treatment of dry eye syndrome

A

Lacrisert

26
Q

Penetration across sclera and conjunctiva intro intra ocular tissues

A

Non-corneal absorption

27
Q

Transport between corneal epithelium and stroma

A

Corneal absorption

28
Q

Selected types of OCDDS

A

Aqueous eye drops
Oily eye drops
Eye ointments
Eye lotions
Paper strips
Ocular inserts
Ophthalmic rods
Collagen shields
Hydro gel contact lenses

29
Q

Sterile preparation that prolong residence time of drug with a controlled release manner

A

Ocusert

30
Q

Biocompatible and biodegradable lipid vesicles made up of natural lipis

A

Liposomes

31
Q

Nonionic surfactant vesicles that have potential applications in the delivery of hydrophobic or amphiphilic drugs

A

Niosomes

32
Q

May act as potential drug delivery carriers as they released drug in a sustained manner at the ocular site

A

Discomes

33
Q

Pure drug vesicles formed by amphiphilic drugs

A

Pharmacosomes

34
Q

For chronic ocular dse. such as cytomegalovirus retinitis

A

Implants

35
Q

Direct current drives ions into cells or tissues.

A

Lontophoresis

36
Q

Successfully used for different routes of drug administration

A

Dendrimer

37
Q

Dispersion of water and oil stabilized using surfactant and co-surfactant

A

Microemulsion

38
Q

Prescription formatting

A

Heading
Body
Closing

39
Q

Heading

A
40
Q

Body

A
41
Q

Closing

A
42
Q

An act regulating the practice of optometry, upgrading optometric education, integrating optometrists, and for other purpose

A

RA 8050- revised optometry law

43
Q

An act regulating and modernizing the practice of pharmacy in the PH

A

RA 10918- Pharmacy Law

44
Q

An act to promote, require, and ensure production of an adequate supply, acceptance of the drugs

A

RA 6675

45
Q

Act instituting the comprehensive dangerous drugs act of 2022, repealing republic act no. 6425

A

RA 9165

46
Q

An act strengthening and rationalizing the regulatory capacity of BFAD

A

Ra 9711

47
Q

Act prohibiting counterfeit drugs

A

RA 8203

48
Q

An act maximizing the contribution of senior citizens

A

RA 7432

Ocular Pharmacology with Therapeutics (2 decks)

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