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Ocular Pharm > Ocular Pharm: L13: Overview of Systemic Drugs > Flashcards

Ocular Pharm: L13: Overview of Systemic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Cholinergic System

  1. NT is?
  2. 2 Major Cholinergic Receptors and where are they found?
A
  1. ACh
  2. Muscarinic (Postganglionic in Parasympathetic NS)

and

Nicotinic are Ganglionic thru out ANS and Striated muscle

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2
Q

Cholinergic Agonists

  1. Indirect: AChE Inhibitors
    a. AD?
    b. MG Testing?
    c. MG Treatment?
    d. POAG?
  2. Direct
    a. Miosis during Ophthalmic Surgery?
    b. POAG, Sjogren’s, Miotic (Addie’s, After dilation)
    c. Atonic Bladder
    d. Glaucoma (Via Pupil Contraction)
  3. Side Effects/Toxicity
A
  1. a. Galantamine, Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Tacrine (Reversible)
    b. Esrophonium (Reversible)
    c. Pyridostigmine (reversible)
    d. Exhothiophate (IRREVERSIBLE) and Neostigmine (Reversible)
  2. a. ACh
    b. PILOCARPINE
    c. Bethanechol
    d. Carbechol
  3. Bronchorrhea, confusion, defecation, emesis, Diarrhea, Lacrimation, miosis, muscle fasciculations, salivation, seizures, urination, and weakness
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3
Q

Muscarinic Cholinergic Antagonists

  1. Scopolamine
  2. Tropicamide

op

  1. Atropine
  2. Cyclopentylate
  3. Homatropine
  4. Ipatropium
A
  1. Motion Sickness
  2. Mydriatic/Cycloplegic
  3. Mydriatic/Cycloplegic, Antispasmodic, Antisecretory (Upper and Lower GI)
  4. Same as (2)
  5. Same at (2)
  6. Asthma
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4
Q

Nicotinic Cholinergic Antagonists

  1. Ganlgionic?
  2. Neuromuscular:
    a. TUBOCURARINE:
    b. Succinylcholine
  3. Side Effects/Toxicity
    a. What are they?
A
  1. Mecamylamine: EMERGENCY LOWERING of BP
  2. a. Muscle Relaxants, used during surgery
    b. Depolarizing: Irreversibel Agonist: Muscle relaxant: Used during surgery
3. Blind as a Bat
Mad as a Hatter
Red as a Beet
Hot as a hare
Dry as a Bone

*Bowel and Bladder lose their tone (loss of propulsive ability in intestine, urinary retention, and Hear runs alone (tachycardia)

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5
Q

Adrenergic Drugs

  1. NTs?
  2. How is NT deactivated?
  3. a1,B1, B2 receptors are what?
  4. a2 is what?
A
  1. Epi and NOREPI
  2. By REUPTAKE
  3. Postsynaptic
  4. Presynaptic (Agonists tend to act like Adrenergic Antagonists and v.v.)
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6
Q

Adrenergic Drugs: Side Effects

  1. Agonists
  2. Antagonists of ALPHA RECEPTOR
  3. Antagonists of BETA RECEPTOR
A
  1. Arrhythmia, Headache, Hyperactivity, Insomnia, Nausea, Tremors
  2. Orthostatic Hypertension, Tachycardia, Vertigo, Sexual Dysfunction
  3. Arrhythmia, Bronchoconstriction, Sexual Dysfunction
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7
Q

Receptors

  1. A1
  2. b1
  3. B2
A
  1. Mydriasis
  2. Tachycardia, Increased Myocardial Contractility
  3. Bronchodilation
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8
Q

Drugs that Affect Epi Release and Reuptake

  1. Amphetamine
  2. Cocaine
  3. Reserpine
  4. Guanethidine
A
  1. Increases BOTH unstimulated (leakage) and stimulated release of NT. BLOCKS re-uptake of NT
  2. Blocks re-uptake of NT
  3. DEPLETES NT by blocking transport into vesicles
  4. Depletes NT by displacing it from Vesicles
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9
Q

Name Clues

  1. Agonists
    a. -Enol
    b. -EROL
    c. -RINE, or -LINE
  2. Antagonists
    a. -OLOL
    b. -ALOL
    c. -OSIN
    d. -IDINE
A
  1. a. B1 and B2 Agonists
    b. B2 Agonists, Also TURBUTALINE
    c. A1 AGONISTS
  2. a. Ace-: Partial B1 and B2 Agonists; Ate-,Bet- = B1 Antagonists; Otherwise, B1 and B2 Antagonists
    b. A1 and B1 & B2 Blocker
    c. A1 Antag., DAPIPRAZOLE ==> Alpha ANTAGONIST
    d. A2 Agonist (V adenylate Cyclase –> Indirect Antag)
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10
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs

  1. Tx of Heart failure: What are they?
A
  1. Antiarrhythmic, Anti-Angina, Anti-Hypertensive, Lipid Lowering, and Drugs affecting Blood
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11
Q

Treatment of Heart Failure

Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers
1. a. ACE Inhibitors

b. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
2. B-Blockers
3. Diuretics
4. Direct Vasodilators
5. Inotropic Agents
6. Aldosterone Antagonists

A
  1. a. -PRIL
    b. -ARTAN
  2. -OLOL
  3. -IDE, or -ZONE
  4. -ZINe, Prusside, Dinitrate
  5. -ONE, -OXIN, -MINE
  6. -LACTONE
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12
Q

Renin-Angiotensin System

  1. ACE Inhibitors: Decrease Circulating levels of Angiotensin II: Has 4 Major Effects Shown:
  2. What do all of these do?
A
  1. a. DECREASE Output of Sympathetic Nervous System
    b. Decrease Retention of Sodium and Water
    c. Increased Levels of Bradykinin
    d. Increased Vasodilation of Vascular Smooth Muscle
  2. Decrease Preload and Afterload
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13
Q

Diuretics

  1. Thiazide Diuretics
  2. Loop Diuretics
  3. Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
  4. CAIs
  5. Osmotic Diuretics
A
  1. -ZIDE, -Done, Mide, -Zone
  2. -NIDE; Ethacrynic Acid
  3. Amiloride, Eplerenone, Spironolactone, Triamterene
  4. -Zolamide
  5. Mannitol, and Urea
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14
Q

Antiarrhythmic Drug Classes

  1. 1A:
  2. 1B
  3. 1C
  4. II
  5. III
  6. IV
A
  1. Na+ Channel Blocker (Slows Phase 0 Depolarization)
  2. Same (Shortens Phase 3 repolarization)
  3. Same (Markedly Slows Phase 0 depolarization)
  4. B-Adrenoreceptor Blocker (Inhibits Phase 4 Depolarization in SA and AV nodes)
  5. K+ Channel Blocker (Prolongs Phase 3 Repolarization in Ventricular Muscle Fibers)
  6. Ca2+ Channel Blocker (Inhibits AP in SA and AV Nodes)
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15
Q

Anti-Angina

  1. Ca2+ Channel Blockers
  2. B-Blockers (-olol)
  3. Organic Nitrates
A
  1. -Dipine, Verapamil, Diltiazem

3. Isosorbides, and Nitroglycerin

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16
Q

Anti-Hyperlipidemia

  1. HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors
  2. Fibrates
  3. Bile Acid Sequestrants
  4. Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
A
  1. -STATINs
  2. FIB in the middle
  3. Coles, and Cholest
  4. Ezetimibe
17
Q

Drugs for Diabetes

  1. Oral Agents
    a. Decrease Carb Metabolism
    b. Increase Insulin Release
    c. Decrease Hepatic Gluconeogenesis
    d. First Gen of “Gli”-Type (Sylfonylurea)
A
  1. a. ACARBOSE
    b. Glipizide (GLI)
    c. Metformin
    d. Tolbutamide
18
Q

Anxiolytics and Hypnotics

  1. Benzodiazepines
A
  1. -Zolam and -Zepam
19
Q

Antidepressants

  1. Tricyclic Antidepressants
  2. Selective Serotonin Re-uptake inhibitors
A
  1. -Triptyline and -ipramine
  2. -Pram, and -Tine, and -Amine
    and Sertaline
20
Q

Neuroleptic

  1. Typical Neuroleptic (Low Potency)
  2. Typical Neuroleptic (high potency)
  3. Atypical Neuroleptic
A
  1. -Azine
  2. -Peridol
  3. -apine, and -Idone
21
Q

Drugs for Other Indications

  1. Drugs for Erectile Dysfunction
  2. Drugs for Osteoporosis
A
  1. -Afil

2. -Dronate

Ocular Pharm (13 decks)

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