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Ocular Pharmacology > Ocular Pharm > Flashcards

Ocular Pharm Flashcards

0
Q

Alpha 2 receptor

A

CB vasculature: constricts, reducing aqueous formation

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1
Q

Alpha 1 receptor

A

Iris dilator

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2
Q

Beta 2 receptors

A

TM: relaxation, increase outflow
CM: relaxes, opposes accommodation
NPCE: increase aqueous formation

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3
Q

Beta 1 receptor

A

NPCE: increases aqueous formation

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4
Q

What is the MOA of pilocarpine?

A

Stimulate longitudinal muscle of CB, which pulls posteriorly on the scleral spur and secondarily opens up trabecular spaces for increased outflow (corneoscleral)

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5
Q

Neostigmine

A

Tx of myasthenia gravis and for limb strength evaluation in pts with suspected myasthenia

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6
Q

Edrophonium

A

Used in dx of myasthenia (tension test), rapid onset via injection of action (30-60 secs) and short duration of action (10 mins). If ptosis improves, + test for myasthenia

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7
Q

Echothiophate

A

Dx and/or tx of accommodative esotropia and rarely used for glaucoma;
Irreversible indirect cholinergic agonist

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8
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

Tx of myasthenia gravis

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9
Q

Isofluorophate

A

Irreversible AchE agent, not used for glaucoma bc of high incidence of SEs

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10
Q

Naphazoline

A

Adrenergic agonist
Topical ocular decongestant to constrict conj BVs
Alpha>beta so can depress CNS

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11
Q

Tetrahydrozoline

A

Adrenergic agonist
Topical ocular decongestant to constrict conj BVs
Alpha>beta so can depress CNS

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12
Q

Brimonidine

A 
Strong alpha 2 (highly selective)
Neuroprotective properties
Follicular conjunctivitis in the past
TID- short duration of action 
Miosis- used for reduce glare and halos in postrefractive pts
CI- MOAIs
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13
Q

Aproclonidine

A

Alpha 2 with weak alpha 1
Control IOP spikes
Tachyphylaxis
Dx Horners

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14
Q

Aproclonidine in normal vs Horners

A

Normal eye: no pupil effect

Horners: miotic pupil dilates

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15
Q

Cocaine in normal eye vs Horners

A

Normal eye: always causes dilation

Horners: no effect on miotic pupil

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16
Q

Hydroxyamphetamine in normal vs Horners

A

Normal eyes or pre-ganglionic damage: acts on post-ganglionic neuron to release NEpi and mydriasis occurs
Horners: no dilation in post-ganglionic neuron damage

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17
Q

Phenylephrine 1% in normal and Horners eye

A

Normal eye: no full dilation

Horners: in post-ganglionic lesions, full dilation

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18
Q

Which beta blocker has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) and causes a modest reduction in cholesterol?

A

Carteolol

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19
Q

Which beta blocker is beta 1 selective?

A

Betaxolol

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20
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Oral CAI

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21
Q

Brinzolamide

A

Topical CAI

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22
Q

Dorzolamide

A

Topical CAI

23
Q

Methazolamide

A

Oral CAI

24
Q

Emedastine

A

H1 antihistamine

25
Q

Cromolyn sodium

A

Mast cell stabilizer

26
Q

Lodoxamide

A

Mast cell stabilizer

27
Q

Pemirolast

A

Mast cell stabilizer

28
Q

Nedocromil

A

Mast cell stabilizer

29
Q

Bepotastine

A

Mast cell- antihistamine combo

30
Q

Epinastine

A

Mast cell- antihistamine combo

31
Q

Ketotifen

A

Mast cell- antihistamine combo

32
Q

Olopatadine

A

Mast cell- antihistamine combo

33
Q

Azelastine

A

Mast cell- antihistamine combo

34
Q

Potent steroids (ketone-based)

A

Pred acetate
Rimexolone
Difluprednate
Dexamethasone

35
Q

Soft steroids (ester based)

A

Fluorometholone (FML)

Loteprednol

36
Q

Diclofenac sodium

A

NSAID
QID
Corneal melt

37
Q

Ketorolac tromethamine

A

NSAID

QID

38
Q

Nepafenac

A

NSAID

TID

39
Q

Bromfenac

A

NSAID
Ximbrom- BID
Bromday- QD

40
Q

Flurbiprofen

A

NSAID

41
Q

Pegaptanib

A

Antineoplastic agent that binds and inhibits VEGF

Intravitreal

42
Q

Ranibizumab

A 
Monoclonal antibody (Fab) from mouse antibodies that targets VEGF
Intravitreal
43
Q

Whorl keratopathy (6)

A 
Chloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine
Amiodarone 
Indomethacin
Tamoxifen
Fabry's disease
44
Q

SPK (2)

A

Isotrentinoin

Topical aminoglycosides

45
Q

Endo/Descemets pigmentation (2)

A

Chlorpromazine

Thioridazine

46
Q

Stromal gold deposits

A

Gold salts- posterior stroma and Descemets

= ocular chrysiasis

47
Q

Amiodarone side effects (3)

A

Whorl keratopathy
Anterior subcapsular lens deposits
NAION

48
Q

Anterior subcapsular effects (4)

A

Chlorpromazine
Thioridazine
Amiodarone (deposits)
Miotics (vacuoles)

49
Q

Nystagmus (3)

A

Phenytoin
Phenobarbital
Salicylates

50
Q

Diplopia

A

Antidepressants
Antianxiety
Phenytoin

51
Q

Oculogyric crisis

A

Phenothiazines

Cetirizine

52
Q

NAION (3)

A

Sildenafil
Sumatriptan
Amiodarone

53
Q

Intracranial hypertension (3)

A

Tetracyclines
Isotretinoin
Oral contraceptives- rare

54
Q

Drugs with anticholinergic activity (decrease lacrimation, mydriasis, increased IOP)

A

Atropine & scopolamine
Antihistamines
Tricyclic antidepressants
Antipsychotic agents

Ocular Pharmacology (1 decks)

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