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Neuro Pharm > Ocular Pharm > Flashcards

Ocular Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Two specialized roles of ciliary body in eye

A

Secretion of aqueous humor and accomodation

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2
Q

SNS effects in the eye

A

Dilation (mydriasis), relax ciliary muscle (far sightedness), produce aqueous humor and lacrimal secretions

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3
Q

PNS effects in the eye

A

Constriction (miosis), accommodation (near sightedness) and lacrimal secretions

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4
Q

Pinpoint pupils means what has been taken?

A

Opiods (block inhibitory in EW nucleus)

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5
Q

If a patient presents with an eye that is dilated what may have occurred?

A

Rubbing of eye with unknown exogenous anti-muscarinics or have been taken up by lacrimal gland from being put near nose or systemized

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6
Q

Methods of drug route for ocular drugs

A

Topical (cornea-> aq humor), Subconjuctival, Intraocular (anterior chamber), Intravitreal (retina)

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7
Q

What enzyme are useful for localized activation of pro-drugs in cornea?

A

Esterases

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8
Q

ADE of anti-muscarinics

A

Anti-DUMBBELS, inc intraocular presure, stinging and burning

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9
Q

Use of anti-muscarinics

A

Iritis and uveitis and eye examination (dilation)

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10
Q

Contraindications of anti-muscarinics

A

Glaucoma and sulfa allergy

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11
Q

Anti-muscarinics

A

atropine, Homotropine, Tropicamide, cyclopentolate, scopolamine

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12
Q

Prostaglandin analogs

A

LatanoPROST, TravoPROST, BimatoPROST

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13
Q

ADE of PROSTs

A

Blurred vision, burning/stinging/itching, permanent brown pigmentation of iris, increased length and thickness of eyelashes (hypertrichosis)

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14
Q

MOA of beta-blockers in glaucoma

A

Decrease aq humor production (cAMP-PKA) and decrease ocular bloodflow

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15
Q

Do -olols work quickly?

A

Yes

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16
Q

Examples of beta-blockers used in tx of glaucoma

A

Timolol, levobunolol,metripranolol, carteolol

17
Q

ADE of beta-blockers

A

Bronchioconstriction; Decreased HR (systemic)

18
Q

MOA of carbonic anhydrase inhibtors

A

Blocks production of H2O and CO2 from carbonic acid -> decrease H2O -> decrease aq humor

19
Q

ADE of ZOLAMIDES

A

Dysguesia (bitter taste), Sulfa rxn, Burning/stinging

20
Q

Ex of carbonic anhydrase used in glaucoma

A

DorZOLAMIDE and brinZOLAMIDE

21
Q

ADE of muscarinic agonists

A

DUMBBELS, decreased night vision,

22
Q

Muscarinic agonists are contraindicated in what dx

A

Asthma, CV failure, peptic ulcer

23
Q

Ex of muscanic agonists

A

Carbachol, pilocarpine, Ach

24
Q

Additive effects of ach-inhibitors with what agricultural products

A

Carbamate and organophosphates

25
Q

Ex of ach-inhibitor

A

Echothiophate

26
Q

What advantage do ach-inhibitors have over muscarinic agonists

A

More potent and longer acting (NO IN CLOSED ANGLE GLAUCOMA)

27
Q

Sympathomimetics used in pharm work at what receptor?

A

Alpha

28
Q

MOA of sympathomimetics in glaucoma

A

Increase outflow of aq humor

29
Q

ADE of sympathomimetics

A

Photosensitivity, conjunctival hyperemia, and hypersensitivity

30
Q

Contraindications (or caution) for use of sympathomimetics

A

HTN, Hyperthyroid, DM, arteriosclerosis, asthma

31
Q

Ex of sympathomimetics used in glaucoma

A

Phenylephrine, apraclonidine, brimonidine, Naphazoline, tertrahydrozoline

32
Q

MOA of Aflibercept

A

Decoy receptor for VEGF

33
Q

MOA of Pegaptanib

A

Monoclonal antibody against VEGF

34
Q

MOA of Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab

A

Interrupt VEGF

35
Q

ADE of mabs, nibs, and cepts in macular degeneration

A

Bleeding, thrombosis, stroke, MI (CV events)

36
Q

MOA of Verteporfin

A

Systemized then hit with laser= ROS causing vascular damage

37
Q

ADE of Verteporfin

A

Headache, visual disturbances, photosensitization, and injection site rxn

Neuro Pharm (10 decks)

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