Ocular pathology Flashcards
What are risk factors for diabetic eye disease?
Hypertension hyperlipidaemia male pregnancy renal disease long duration diabetes poorly controlled diabetes
Name medications that commonly cause adverse ocular reactions?
Chloroquine, steroids, tamoxifen, vigabatrin, amiodarone, tranquilisers, anti-depressants
Risk factors for macula degeneration
Age, Caucasian, smoking, UV, female, hypertension, obesity, genetics
Risk factors glaucoma
High IOP High myopes Large optic disc Afro-Carribean Genetics Raynauds Migraine Corneal thickness Steroid use
What are diffuse optic disc changes
Concentric enlargement of cup, asymmetric C/D, longitudinal change,
What are localised optic disc changes?
Notching - superior nasal quadrant first (So look inferotemporal)
What is the relationship between PPA and glaucoma?
When it occurs alongside macular changes the risk for developing glaucoma increases
What are the two types of PPA
Alpha zone PPA: more common, visual field defect is relatively small. Alpha shows photoreceptors and RPE disruption.
Beta: closer to optic nerve, no choroidal filling, absence of vascular choriocapollaris
What are signs of multiple sclerosis?
Optic neuritis -> dimming, problems with colour vision, visual field defects
Oscillopsia, diplopia
What are ocular features of rheumatoid arthritis?
Keratoconjunctivits, scleritis, ulcerative keratitis, superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome
What are ocular manifestations of lupus?
Madarosis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, scleritis, ulcerative keratitis, retinal vasculitis, optic neuropathy
Sjorgen syndrome
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca and Adies pupil
General features of giant cell arteritis
Scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, malaise, polymyalgia rheumatica,
Ophthalmic features of giant cell arteritis
AION, TIA, CWS, CRAO, ocular ischaemia, diplopia
Marfan syndrome ocular manifestations
Ectopia lentis, hypoplasia of dilator pupillary, angle anomaly, myopia, retinal detachment, keratoconic, cornea plans
Ocular manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis
Acute anterior uveitis and scleritis
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease
Acute uveitis, peripheral corneal infiltrates, conjunctivitis, epistle titis, scleritis, papillitis
Ocular manifestations sarcoidosis
Uveitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, conjunctival nodules
Ocular manifestations AIDS
Bleph, kaposi sarcoma, molluscum, herpes zoster, cellulitis, squamous cell carcinoma, keratitis, HiV retinopathy, CMV, toxoplasmosis,
Ocular manifestations syphillis
Uveitis, keratitis, madarosis, optic neuritis, Argyll Robertson, ocular motor nerve palsies
Lyme disease
Follicular conjunctivitis, keratitis, episcleritis, uveitis, orbital myosotis, optic neuritis, ocular motor nerve palsies, Horners syndrome
Ocular manifestations of congenital rubella
Cataract, microphthalmos, glaucoma, retinopathy, anterior uveitis, iris atrophy, nystagmus, strabismus
Ocular manifestations myasthenia gravis
Ptosis - bilateral and asymmetrical, Cohan lid twitch, vertical diplopia, nystagmoid movements
