Ocular pathology

Question 0

What are risk factors for diabetic eye disease?

Answer 0

Hypertension hyperlipidaemia male pregnancy renal disease long duration diabetes poorly controlled diabetes

Question 1

Name medications that commonly cause adverse ocular reactions?

Answer 1

Chloroquine, steroids, tamoxifen, vigabatrin, amiodarone, tranquilisers, anti-depressants

Question 2

Risk factors for macula degeneration

Answer 2

Age, Caucasian, smoking, UV, female, hypertension, obesity, genetics

Question 3

Risk factors glaucoma

Answer 3

High IOP 
High myopes
Large optic disc
Afro-Carribean
Genetics
Raynauds
Migraine
Corneal thickness
Steroid use

Question 4

What are diffuse optic disc changes

Answer 4

Concentric enlargement of cup, asymmetric C/D, longitudinal change,

Question 5

What are localised optic disc changes?

Answer 5

Notching - superior nasal quadrant first (So look inferotemporal)

Question 6

What is the relationship between PPA and glaucoma?

Answer 6

When it occurs alongside macular changes the risk for developing glaucoma increases

Question 7

What are the two types of PPA

Answer 7

Alpha zone PPA: more common, visual field defect is relatively small. Alpha shows photoreceptors and RPE disruption.

Beta: closer to optic nerve, no choroidal filling, absence of vascular choriocapollaris

Question 8

What are signs of multiple sclerosis?

Answer 8

Optic neuritis -> dimming, problems with colour vision, visual field defects
Oscillopsia, diplopia

Question 9

What are ocular features of rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 9

Keratoconjunctivits, scleritis, ulcerative keratitis, superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome

Question 10

What are ocular manifestations of lupus?

Answer 10

Madarosis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, scleritis, ulcerative keratitis, retinal vasculitis, optic neuropathy

Question 11

Sjorgen syndrome

Answer 11

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca and Adies pupil

Question 12

General features of giant cell arteritis

Answer 12

Scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, malaise, polymyalgia rheumatica,

Question 13

Ophthalmic features of giant cell arteritis

Answer 13

AION, TIA, CWS, CRAO, ocular ischaemia, diplopia

Question 14

Marfan syndrome ocular manifestations

Answer 14

Ectopia lentis, hypoplasia of dilator pupillary, angle anomaly, myopia, retinal detachment, keratoconic, cornea plans

Question 15

Ocular manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 15

Acute anterior uveitis and scleritis

Question 16

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease

Answer 16

Acute uveitis, peripheral corneal infiltrates, conjunctivitis, epistle titis, scleritis, papillitis

Question 17

Ocular manifestations sarcoidosis

Answer 17

Uveitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, conjunctival nodules

Question 18

Ocular manifestations AIDS

Answer 18

Bleph, kaposi sarcoma, molluscum, herpes zoster, cellulitis, squamous cell carcinoma, keratitis, HiV retinopathy, CMV, toxoplasmosis,

Question 19

Ocular manifestations syphillis

Answer 19

Uveitis, keratitis, madarosis, optic neuritis, Argyll Robertson, ocular motor nerve palsies

Question 20

Lyme disease

Answer 20

Follicular conjunctivitis, keratitis, episcleritis, uveitis, orbital myosotis, optic neuritis, ocular motor nerve palsies, Horners syndrome

Question 21

Ocular manifestations of congenital rubella

Answer 21

Cataract, microphthalmos, glaucoma, retinopathy, anterior uveitis, iris atrophy, nystagmus, strabismus

Question 22

Ocular manifestations myasthenia gravis

Answer 22

Ptosis - bilateral and asymmetrical, Cohan lid twitch, vertical diplopia, nystagmoid movements