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Opthalmology Week 2 > Ocular Motor Disorders > Flashcards

Ocular Motor Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What does the suffix “phoria” mean?

A

weakness, eye would drift but drifting is held in check by sensory fusion

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2
Q

What does the suffix “tropia” mean?

A

paralysis, eye drifts even when the person is focusing on a target

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3
Q

What does prefix “eso” mean?

A

eye is deviating inward

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4
Q

What does the prefix “exo” mean?

A

eye is deviating outward

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5
Q

What does the prefix hyper mean?

A

eye is deviating upward

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6
Q

What does the prefix hypo mean?

A

eye is deviating downward

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7
Q

What muscles does the third cranial nerve supply?

A

levator muscle of the eyelid, medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique

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8
Q

What does the third cranial nerve do to the pupil?

A

constricts the pupil through its parasympathetic fibers that supply the smooth muscle of the ciliary body and the sphincter of the iris.

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9
Q

What is the clinical presentation of acquired CN III palsy?

A

Sudden onset of binocular horizontal, vertical, or oblique diplopia. Ptosis or a droopy eyelid

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10
Q

What is the clinical presentation of congenital CN III palsy?

A

Found in young children. May have ptosis or strabismus. Amblyopia is the major complication of 3rd nerve palsy in children

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11
Q

What would you find on an eye examination of CN III palsy?

A

partial or complete ptosis. The pupil may be dilated and poorly reactive to light. usually are associated with a large-angle exotropia and hypotropia

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12
Q

What is in the differential for CN III palsy?

A

HTN, Diabetes, Tumor, Congenital, Aneurysm

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13
Q

What diagnostic and treatment options are there for CN III palsy?

A

neuroimaging. treat underlying etiology

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14
Q

What does the trochlear nerve (CN IV) innervate?

A

superior oblique muscle

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15
Q

What types of injuries is CN IV susceptible to?

A

blunt head trauma or compression from changes in intracranial pressure, brain tumors, or swelling anywhere along its course.

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16
Q

What is the clinical presentation of CN IV palsy?

A

Binocular vertical diplopiaand/or subjective tilting of objects (torsional diplopia) that improves with head tilting to the side opposite the paralyzed muscle. Objects viewed in primary position or especially in down-gaze may appear double (when going down a flight of stairs so that the pt. does not know which step to select).

17
Q

What is seen in an eye exam of someone with CN IV palsy?

A

Ipsilateral hypertropia. The deviation is greater when gaze is in the direction toward the weak muscle

18
Q

What is the differential for CN IV palsy?

A

HTN, Diabetes, Tumor Congenital, Trauma

19
Q

What are the diagnostic and treatments for CN IV palsy?

A

maybe neuroimaging. lumbar puncture in patients suspected of subarachnoid space lesions. treatment directed at underlying etiology

20
Q

What muscle does the abducens nerve (CN VI) innervate?

A

lateral rectus muscle

21
Q

What is the clinical presentation of CN VI palsy?

A

Binocular horizontal diplopia that worsens with gaze toward the defective lateral rectus muscle.
Strabismus may be present

22
Q

What is seen on an eye exam with CN VI palsy?

A

esotropia (eye turned in “crossed eyed”), worse in gaze toward the paretic muscle (lateral incomitance), and an ipsilateral abduction deficit.

23
Q

What is the differential for CN VI (6) palsy?

A

HTN, Diabetes, Tumor, Elevated cranial pressure, Temporal arteritis, Pseudotumor cerebri

24
Q

What is treatment and diagnosis of CN VI palsy?

A

neuroimaging. treat underlying cause -alternate patching, prism therapy, strabismus surgery,andbotulinum toxin.

25
Q

CN III palsy deviations?

A

down and out

26
Q

CN IV palsy deviations?

A

nasal upshoot

27
Q

CN VI palsy deviations?

A

cross eyed

Opthalmology Week 2 (3 decks)

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