Ocular Infections Flashcards
Exudates & discharge w/o photophobia, eye pain, or blurred vision is a sign of?
Conjunctivitis
Blurred vision, eye pain, photophobia, exudate, corneal clouding, and discharge is a sign of?
Keratitis
Corneal ulceration
Blurred vision, eye pain, photophobia, without exudate or discharge is a sign of?
Acute iritis
Inflammation of the iris
Itching is most assoc. with {{BLANK}} conjunctivitis
Allergic
PMNs and profuse exudate are assoc. with {{BLANK}} conjuncitivis
Bacterial
{{BLANK}} conjuncitivis is assoc. w/ monocytes and lack of exudate
Viral
{{BLANK}} is the most common virus leading to conjuncitivis
Adenovirus
Swimming pool conjunctivitis is typically assoc. w/?
Adenovirus
Opthalmia neonatorum is assoc. w/?
Gonococcal infection
Purulent inclusion conjunctivitis is assoc. w/?
Chlamydia trachomatis
Is C. trachomatis infection dangers?
- Initial conjunctivitis stimulates Ab production that can lead to granulation (w/ repeat infections)
- Can damage cornea (trichosis & scratching) leading to scarring & blindness
What are the most common causes of blepharitis?
- S. aureus
- S. epidermidis
- Viruses (incl. HSV-1)
Tx: warm compress w/ possible ABx
Keratitis is usually positive for photobia except in cases caused by {{BLANK}} in which photophobia is minimal
Herpetic keratitis (HSV-1)
HSV-1 keratitis can be visualized utilizing {{BLANK}} or {{BLANK}} dyes to elucidate dendritic ulcers
- Fluorescein
- Rose bengal
An elderly patient presents with a unilateral painful rash along their upper torso with a minor rash above their right eye. They report the rash is painful and you can also see they are having trouble keeping their right eye open. You diagnose them with VZV keratitis. What are viral characteristics assoc. w/ VZV?
- Enveloped
- dsDNA
A patient wearing contact lenses left their cleaning solution at home and had to use some of their friend’s solution. Days later they are diagnosed with keratitis. You tell them the contact solution may have been contaminated with?
Acanthamoeba
Known to affect contaminated storage/wash solutions
A patient comes to you complaining of eye pain and sensitivity. You acquire a PMH along with noting they do not change their contact lenses very often, in fact, the ones they are currently wearing have been in for approx. 3 weeks. What is the likely pathogen leading to their keratitis?
P. aeruginosa
A patient is diagnosed with endophthalmitis after cataracts surgery. It has only been 4 weeks since surgery. What is the most likely pathogen?
fluid in ant chamber, inflammation of intraocular cavities
- S. aureus (< 6 weeks)
- If > 6 weeks = Propionibacterium acnes
Nosocomial = P. aeruginosa
What are characteristics of CMV retinitis?
- Hemorrhagic necrosis of retina
- Immunocompromised pt
- Scotomas (black spots) in HIV+
Tx: Cidofovir; Intravitreal ganciclovir (implant); Foscarnet
{{BLANK}} may be the sole ocular finding in AIDS patients
Retinopathy
A patient w/ HIV+ & T2DM comes to you with a white film overlying their eye. You scrap the ulceration and find pseudohyphae. What is your suspected diagnosis?
Ocular candidiasis
A person went cave diving in KY. They were attacked by bats on their way in. Two weeks later, they develop vision issues. You perform an ocular exam and suspect what organism?
Histoplasma capsulatum
Ednemic to Ohio, Mississipii Valleys, KY; Assoc. bird/bat droppings
A deer fly bit a child & later they develop calabar swelling. What is your Dx?
Onchocerca volvulus
A patient comes to you with conjunctivitis. They have a PMH of arthritis, HLA-B27+, and recently suffered an infection from Salmonella. What is your Dx?
Reiter syndrome
