ocular emergent and non-emergent conditions Flashcards
What is the common name of a hordeolum
A style
What is a hordeolum
Hordeola are focal abscesses of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and necrotic debris with symptoms of pain, warm, swelling, and edema
What is the standard of care for a hordeolum
Normally self-resolving in 1-2 weeks, conservative care includes: eyelid hygiene, warm compresses, and massage,
When are floaters a red warning
when they appear suddenly and seem to be all over, this could be the first sign of retinal detatchment
How does a cataract different from floaters
Floaters general move/drift/drop whereas cataracts do not move
what is a chalazion
granulomas of either a meibomian gland or a Zeis gland. these are not usually self-resolving and are generally non-infectious origin.
What is best course of treatment for ocular abrasion
use a thick layer of ocular antibiotic ointment as protection/lubricant
What is the main danger of a corneal abrasion
The deeper the abrasion the greater the infection risk to the eye
How does a cataract appear on eye exam
instead of a red reflex, there is more of a blue/gray appearance
What are the signs of acute angle glaucoma
severe pain and blurred vision with the perception of “halos forming around objects,” conjunctival injection with corneal clouding and a mid-dilated pupil.
What is a risk factor for having chronic vs acute glaucoma
Near sightedness is a risk for chronic, and far sightedness is a risk for acute glaucoma
What is the appropriate course of action if acute angle glaucoma is suspected
Refer to ER immediately where they will drain the eye
What are the ssx of temporal arteritis
headache, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication and reduced visual acuity. artery may be palpably ropey
What happens if temporal arteritis is not diagnosed in a timely manner
the person may lose sign in that eye
What lab result is out of range in temporal arteritis
ESR may be >100
What disease is associated with temporal arteritis
polymyalgia rheumatica
What normally causes hyphema
Trauma is normally the cause; those with hemophilia or von-willebrands may have a spontaneous bleed
What is the presentation of central retinal artery occlusion
Sudden, painless loss of vision. Eye exam reveals cherry red spot on the fovea and pale edematous retina
What is the presentation of central vein occlusion
“Blood and thunder” appearance, with marked hemorrhage, optic disc blurring, marked macular paleness.
What is the presentation of retinal detachment
floaters, vision loss in one area, “curtain coming down”
How can the progression of retinal detachment be slowed
have the patient lay flat so that gravity will not worsen the detachment
What may be seen in ocular herpes
dendritic figure with fluorescien dye
What is ocular edema called
chemosis
What is the best way to monitor success of eye flushing in case of chemical (acid or alkaline) burn
Use a pH strip to determine when normal eye pH has been attained
What should be done/documented every time a patient comes in with an eye complaint
Visual acuity!
