ocular emergent and non-emergent conditions

Question 1

What is the common name of a hordeolum

Answer 1

A style

Question 2

What is a hordeolum

Answer 2

Hordeola are focal abscesses of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and necrotic debris with symptoms of pain, warm, swelling, and edema

Question 3

What is the standard of care for a hordeolum

Answer 3

Normally self-resolving in 1-2 weeks, conservative care includes: eyelid hygiene, warm compresses, and massage,

Question 4

When are floaters a red warning

Answer 4

when they appear suddenly and seem to be all over, this could be the first sign of retinal detatchment

Question 5

How does a cataract different from floaters

Answer 5

Floaters general move/drift/drop whereas cataracts do not move

Question 6

what is a chalazion

Answer 6

granulomas of either a meibomian gland or a Zeis gland. these are not usually self-resolving and are generally non-infectious origin.

Question 7

What is best course of treatment for ocular abrasion

Answer 7

use a thick layer of ocular antibiotic ointment as protection/lubricant

Question 8

What is the main danger of a corneal abrasion

Answer 8

The deeper the abrasion the greater the infection risk to the eye

Question 9

How does a cataract appear on eye exam

Answer 9

instead of a red reflex, there is more of a blue/gray appearance

Question 10

What are the signs of acute angle glaucoma

Answer 10

severe pain and blurred vision with the perception of “halos forming around objects,” conjunctival injection with corneal clouding and a mid-dilated pupil.

Question 11

What is a risk factor for having chronic vs acute glaucoma

Answer 11

Near sightedness is a risk for chronic, and far sightedness is a risk for acute glaucoma

Question 12

What is the appropriate course of action if acute angle glaucoma is suspected

Answer 12

Refer to ER immediately where they will drain the eye

Question 13

What are the ssx of temporal arteritis

Answer 13

headache, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication and reduced visual acuity. artery may be palpably ropey

Question 14

What happens if temporal arteritis is not diagnosed in a timely manner

Answer 14

the person may lose sign in that eye

Question 15

What lab result is out of range in temporal arteritis

Answer 15

ESR may be >100

Question 16

What disease is associated with temporal arteritis

Answer 16

polymyalgia rheumatica

Question 17

What normally causes hyphema

Answer 17

Trauma is normally the cause; those with hemophilia or von-willebrands may have a spontaneous bleed

Question 18

What is the presentation of central retinal artery occlusion

Answer 18

Sudden, painless loss of vision. Eye exam reveals cherry red spot on the fovea and pale edematous retina

Question 19

What is the presentation of central vein occlusion

Answer 19

“Blood and thunder” appearance, with marked hemorrhage, optic disc blurring, marked macular paleness.

Question 20

What is the presentation of retinal detachment

Answer 20

floaters, vision loss in one area, “curtain coming down”

Question 21

How can the progression of retinal detachment be slowed

Answer 21

have the patient lay flat so that gravity will not worsen the detachment

Question 22

What may be seen in ocular herpes

Answer 22

dendritic figure with fluorescien dye

Question 23

What is ocular edema called

Answer 23

chemosis

Question 24

What is the best way to monitor success of eye flushing in case of chemical (acid or alkaline) burn

Answer 24

Use a pH strip to determine when normal eye pH has been attained

Question 25

What should be done/documented every time a patient comes in with an eye complaint

Answer 25

Visual acuity!