Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OPHTHALMOLOGY > OCULAR DRUGS (Cholinomimetics, Non-Selective α Agonist and α2 Selective Agonist. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor) > Flashcards

OCULAR DRUGS (Cholinomimetics, Non-Selective α Agonist and α2 Selective Agonist. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Pilocarpine?

A

Direct muscarinic cholinergic agonist that stimulates ciliary muscle contraction, increases trabecular meshwork outflow, causes miosis, and reduces intraocular pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the clinical uses of Pilocarpine?

A

Testing for anisocoria and treatment of glaucoma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the side effects of Pilocarpine?

A

Corneal edema, miosis, induced myopia, brow ache, retinal detachment, and decreased vision (especially in patients with cataracts).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Physostigmine?

A

Reduces intraocular pressure by ciliary muscle contraction, opening of trabecular meshwork, and increasing outflow of aqueous humor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the clinical uses of Physostigmine?

A

Treatment of glaucoma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the side effects of Physostigmine?

A

Reduced visual acuity in poor lighting, ciliary spasm, headache, lacrimation, myopia, blurred vision, retinal detachment, iris cysts, and cataracts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Carbachol?

A

Reduces intraocular pressure by ciliary muscle contraction, opening of trabecular meshwork, and increasing outflow of aqueous humor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the clinical uses of Carbachol?

A

Miosis during surgery and treatment of glaucoma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the side effects of Carbachol?

A

Corneal edema, miosis, induced myopia, decreased vision, brow ache, and retinal detachment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Epinephrine in glaucoma?

A

Increases outflow via uveoscleral veins and reduces intraocular pressure by increasing outflow and slightly decreasing aqueous humor production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the side effects of Epinephrine in glaucoma?

A

Conjunctival constriction, slight mydriasis, localized burning, irritation, allergic reactions, melanin granule accumulation, and risk of hypertensive crisis or ventricular arrhythmias if systemically absorbed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Dipivefrin?

A

Transformed into epinephrine in the eye, increasing uveoscleral outflow and reducing intraocular pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the clinical uses of Dipivefrin?

A

Treatment of glaucoma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the side effects of Dipivefrin?

A

Photosensitivity, conjunctival hyperemia, hypersensitivity, and reduced systemic side effects compared to epinephrine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Dapiprazole?

A

α-adrenergic antagonist effective in reversing sympathomimetic-induced mydriasis and enhancing recovery of accommodation after cycloplegics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the clinical uses of Dapiprazole?

A

Treatment of glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and reversal of mydriasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the side effects of Dapiprazole?

A

Conjunctival irritation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Apraclonidine?

A

Decreases aqueous secretion and reduces intraocular pressure.

19
Q

What are the clinical uses of Apraclonidine?

A

Treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

20
Q

What are the side effects of Apraclonidine?

A

Photosensitivity, conjunctival hyperemia, and hypersensitivity.

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Brimonidine?

A

Reduces production of aqueous humor and increases its outflow.

22
Q

What are the clinical uses of Brimonidine?

A

Treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

23
Q

What are the side effects of Brimonidine?

A

Burning, stinging of the eye, blurred vision, photosensitivity, conjunctival hyperemia, and hypersensitivity.

24
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Acetazolamide?

A

Inhibits carbonic anhydrase II in the ciliary epithelium, blocking the formation of bicarbonate and attracting sodium, which increases aqueous humor outflow and decreases intraocular pressure.

25
Q

What are the clinical uses of Acetazolamide?

A

Treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

26
Q

What are the side effects of Acetazolamide?

A

Diuresis, loss of appetite, tingling, neutropenia, paresthesias, GI disturbances, anorexia, drowsiness, confusion, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, urolithiasis.

27
Q

What is the pharmacokinetics of Acetazolamide?

A

PO, completely absorbed, 90% bioavailability, duration of action 4-12 hours, t1/2 = 4 hours, excreted via active renal tubular secretion.

28
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Dorzolamide?

A

Inhibits carbonic anhydrase II in the ciliary epithelium, blocking bicarbonate formation and increasing aqueous humor outflow.

29
Q

What are the clinical uses of Dorzolamide?

A

Treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

30
Q

What are the side effects of Dorzolamide?

A

Bitter taste, burning sensation, occasional headache, nausea, fatigue.

31
Q

What is the pharmacokinetics of Dorzolamide?

A

Topical ophthalmic drops with onset of action <2 hrs, peak effect 2-4 hrs, duration of action 6-8 hrs.

32
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Brinzolamide?

A

Inhibits carbonic anhydrase II in the ciliary epithelium, blocking bicarbonate formation and increasing aqueous humor outflow.

33
Q

What are the clinical uses of Brinzolamide?

A

Treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

34
Q

What are the side effects of Brinzolamide?

A

Diuresis, loss of appetite, tingling, bitter taste, burning sensation, occasional headache, nausea, fatigue.

35
Q

What is the pharmacokinetics of Brinzolamide?

A

Topical ophthalmic drops with onset of action <2 hrs, peak effect 2 hrs, duration of action >12 hrs.

36
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Dichlorphenamide?

A

Inhibits carbonic anhydrase II in the ciliary epithelium, blocking bicarbonate formation and increasing aqueous humor outflow.

37
Q

What are the clinical uses of Dichlorphenamide?

A

Treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

38
Q

What are the side effects of Dichlorphenamide?

A

Diuresis, loss of appetite, tingling, bitter taste, burning sensation, occasional headache, nausea, fatigue.

39
Q

What is the pharmacokinetics of Dichlorphenamide?

A

PO, t1/2 = 2 hours.

40
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Methazolamide?

A

Inhibits carbonic anhydrase II in the ciliary epithelium, blocking bicarbonate formation and increasing aqueous humor outflow.

41
Q

What are the clinical uses of Methazolamide?

A

Treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

42
Q

What are the side effects of Methazolamide?

A

Diuresis, loss of appetite, tingling, bitter taste, burning sensation, occasional headache, nausea, fatigue, paresthesias, GI disturbances, anorexia, drowsiness, confusion, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, urolithiasis.

43
Q

What is the pharmacokinetics of Methazolamide?

A

PO, well absorbed, onset of action 1-2 hrs, peak effect 4-6 hrs, duration of action 12-24 hrs, t1/2 = 14-15 hrs, 25% eliminated unchanged in urine.

OPHTHALMOLOGY (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions