Ocular Drugs Flashcards
Pilocarpine
Direct acting cholinergic agonist. Lowers IOP by 33% but SE so not used today.
Edrophonium (Enlon)
Indirect acting Cholinergic agonist (inhibits ACHE) Used to dx MG as short onset and duration of action. + if ptosis improves.
Neostigmine (Prostigmin)
Indirect acting cholinergic agonists (inhibits ACHE). Used to tx MG and limb strength evaluation in pt. suspected of having MG.
Echothiophate (phospholine)
Indirect acting irreversible Cholingergic agonist (inhibits ACHE). Used to dx and tx accommodative Esotropia. Rarely used for glaucoma due to high SE.
Pyridostigmine (mestinon)
tx of MG. pyRIDostigmine. (Rid of MG SE)
Isoflurophate
Indirect acting irreversible chollingeric agonist (inhibits ACHE). Rarely used due to high SE. Used in pesticides.
Pralidoxime (protopam)
Administered IV to reverse the effects of irreversible ACHE. Won’t work against reversible ACHE.
Atropine and ACHE
Will not reverse weakness from ACHE as does not bind at NMJ.
Scopalamine
Cholinergic antagonist. Not used opthalmically as lots of SE. Pentrates the BBB.
Tropicamide
Cholinergic antagonist. Fastest onset and shortest duration. Mydriatic effects in 20-35 minutes and last 6 hours. Cycloplegic in 20-45 minutes and lasts 6 hours. Cycloplegic effects are dose related.
Atropine
Onset in 60-180 minutes and lasts 7-12 days. Used for mild and moderate amblyopia.
Atropine toxicity
dry mouth, dry flushed skin, rapid pulse, disorientation and fever. Can lead to death.
cyclopentolate
Mydriatic and cylcoplegic max at 20-45 min. Fastest onset and shortest duration of cycloplegic effects. tx for anterior uveitis.
Homatropine
Prolonged mydriatic and cycloplegic effects but very week. Standard for treating anterior uveitis.
Botox
cholingergic antagonist at neuromuscular junction.
