Ocular Disease Flashcards
What medications are associated with the development of DES?
Anticholinergics Antipsychotics ADHD meds Diuretics B-blockers Oral Contraceptives Hormone Replacements Isotretinoin
What is the difference between Schirmer 1 and Schirmer 2 test? What are the normal values for these tests? How long are they administered for? How does this differ from Phenol Red?
Schirmer 1 - WITH anesthetic. Measures basal, reflex, and emotional tears. Normal = Greater than 10mm
Schrimer 2 - WITHOUT anesthetic. Measures basal tears only. Normal = Greater than 5mm.
Both tests conducted for 5 minutes
Phenol Red - Cotton thread. Greater than 10 mm after 15 SECONDS!
What is the difference between Primary and Seconday Sjogrens? What is the most common cause of Non-Sjogren’s dry eye?
Primary Sjogren’s = Autoantibodies directed against Lacrimal Glands and Salivary Glands
Secondary Sjogren’s = Primary Sjogren’s AND another autoimmune connective tissue disease disease
MCC of Non-Sjogren’s Dry Eye: Being old
What systemic conditions are associated with Keratoconus?
'T-DOME' Turner Syndrome Down Syndrome Osteogenesis Imperfecta Marfan's Ehlers-Danlos
What are the early and late signs of Keratoconus?
Early: Fleischer Ring (iron deposits)
Late: Munson’s Sign (protrusion on downgaze)
Vogt’s Striae (vertical lines in deep stroma)
Hydrops (Descemet’s tears, edema ruptures epithelium)
Rizzuti’s sign (conical reflection on nasal cornea when light is shown from temporal side)
What is Rizzuti’s sign?
Conical reflection on nasal cornea when light is shown from temporal side
What is the difference between mild, moderate, and sever Keratoconus?
Mild = less than 48D Moderate = 48D - 54D Severe = Greater than 54D
What condition is associated with “kissing doves” or “crab-claws” pattern on corneal topography. Typically seen inferiorly
Pellucid Marginal Degeneration
What is Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome?
Systemic autoimmune disease in which the body attacks melanocytes
What is Behcet’s syndrome?
Idiopathic, autoimmune disease in which episodes of recurrent OROGENITAL ulceration and vasculitis of small, medium, and large arteries and veins occur
When is an A-scan indicated? When is a B-scan indicated?
A-scan: Axial length (IOL calculation)
B-scan: Blocked fundus, diagnose ONH drusen
What is the most common cause of lens subluxation? What other 4 conditions are associated with this?
MCC: Trauma! Marfan's Ehlers-Danlos Homocystinuria Weill-Marhesani Syndrome
What organisms causes Lyme disease?
Cat-Scratch Fever?
Syphilis?
Lyme - Borrelia burgdorferi
Cat-Scratch Fever - Bartonella henselae
Syphilis - Treponema pallidum
What layer does Basal Cell Carcinoma affect? What layer does Squamous Cell Carcinoma affect?
BCC - Stratum Basal layer
SCC - Stratum Spinosum layer
What does the advanced stage of BCC look like?
Rodent Ulcer
