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OD1 Fall > ocular anatomy - nasolacrimal anatomy > Flashcards

ocular anatomy - nasolacrimal anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 functions of the nasolacrimal system

A
  1. Production of tears
  2. Distribution of tears
  3. Drainage of tears
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2
Q

what is the location of the lacrimal gland

A

shallow depression within orbital part of frontal bone

superior temporal orbit

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3
Q

production of tear film is done by

A

lacrimal gland
accessory lacrimal gland

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4
Q

what is the appearance of the lacrimal gland

A

glandular surface
pinkish grey color

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5
Q

when you evert the upper eyelid you can see what

A

palpebral portion of lacrimal gland

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6
Q

lacrimal gland is found

A

superior temporal part of orbit

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7
Q

lacrimal gland is separated into 2 major lobes by what

A

aponeurosis of levator

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8
Q

larger, more superior
bean shaped mass
lies along orbital wall

A

orbital lobe

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9
Q

smaller, more inferior
1/3 size of orbital lobe
lies bw aponeurosis and conjunctiva
firmly attached to conjunctive

A

palpebral lobe

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10
Q

orbital lobe is against

A

the orbital wall

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11
Q

palpebral lobe is adjacent to

A

conjunctiva

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12
Q

which lobe has the main excretory ducts that allow contents of gland to excrete onto surface of conjunctiva

A

palpebral

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13
Q

the 12 main ducts exit from / thru

A

exit thru palpebral lobes and onto palpebral conjunctiva

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14
Q

removal and or damage to palpebral lobe

A

prevents emptying of contents of the gland

damages excretory ducts onto conjunctiva

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15
Q

separates the gland into 2 lobes AND keeps gland in the superior temporal orbit

A

lateral horn of aponeurosis of levator

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16
Q

2 kinds of supportive tissue

A

aponeurosis
whitnalls ligament

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17
Q

damage of supportive tissue can lead to

A

prolapse of the gland

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18
Q

the lacrimal gland is divided into 2 lobes and also consists of

A

lobules

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19
Q

within each lobule are the

A

secretory acini

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20
Q

true or false: the lacrimal gland is an exocrine gland

A

true

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21
Q

duct cells are lined with one to two layers of

A

cuboidal cells

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22
Q

ducts cells make up ____% of the gland

A

10-20

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23
Q

duct cells secrete

A

water
electrolytes
protein

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24
Q

steps of lacrimal gland excretory pathway

A

intralobular ducts
interlobular ducts
main excretory ducts
conjunctiva

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25
what is in between the acini and ducts that offers structural support
stroma
26
what is the stroma comprised of
loose connective tissue and some elastic tissue
27
what 4 types of cells are found in the stroma
plasma cells lymphocytes macrophages mast cells and nerve terminals and blood vessels
28
the main lacrimal gland produces
bulk of tears (reflex tearing)
28
the main lacrimal gland produces
bulk of tears (reflex tearing)
29
accessory lacrimal gland produces
basal secretions / tears
30
where are the accessory lacrimal glands located and what are they called
in the fornix = glands of Krauss edge of tarsal plate = glands of wolfring
31
are accessory lacrimal glands exocrine glands too
yes they are identical in structure and function to the main lacrimal glands
32
do we have more glands of krause or wolfring
krause near the fornix "crowded" --> theres a lot of them
33
do we have more accessory glands in our upper or lower lid
upper lid
34
what is the blood flow of the lacrimal gland
ICA ophthalmic artery lacrimal artery (main supply from here)
35
what is the blood flow of the lacrimal gland
ICA ophthalmic artery lacrimal artery (main supply from here)
36
sometimes you have branches that come off the external carotid artery. which branches?
transverse facial artery infraorbital artery sometimes supply lacrimal gland - but main blood supply is from lacrimal artery
37
what is the path of venous drainage of lacrimal gland
lacrimal vein superior ophthalmic vein cavernous sinus
38
pathway of lymphatic drainage
comes from superior temporal region of orbit pre-auricular lymph nodes (parotid) -in front of ear
39
pathway of sensory innervation of lacrimal gland
lacrimal gland lacrimal nerve ophthalmic division of V (v1) CNS PAIN!!
40
what are the 2 major types of tear secretors
basic secretors reflex secretors
41
basic secretion occurs at a constant rate what 3 things make this up
accessory lacrimal glands (wolfring and krause) - watery secretion meibomian glands and glands of zeis - oily secretion goblet cells - mucin
42
reflex secretors are made of
main lacrimal gland stimulation : CN 5, CN 2, CNS (psychogenic)
43
stimulation of the parasympathetic system causes the
lacrimal gland to secrete
44
parasympathetic innervation is mainly what type of tearing
mainly reflex and some basal
45
now that we have produced the tears, what will spread them over the front surface of the eye
eyelids
46
once the tears are in the lacrimal lake _______ ________ that will collect the tears into the punctal openings to allow it to drain into canalicular system
capillary attraction
47
canaliculi will pull the tears from the
lacrimal lake
48
tear drainage system
lacrimal puncta canaliculi lacrimal sac lacrimal duct inferior meatus of nose
49
where are lacrimal papillae found
nasal portion of lid - mucocutaneous junction
50
lacrimal papillae divides the lid into
ciliary portion (5/6) lacrimal (1/6)
51
where are lacrimal puncta found
hole on top of papillae
52
diameter of lacrimal puncta
0.5 mm
53
function of lacrimal puncta
collect tears from lacrimal lake opening into canalicular system then pass to lacrimal sac
54
shape of canaliculi
10mm long 2mm vertical 8 mm horizontal
55
what is the diameter of the canaliculi
0.5mm
56
microanatomy of canaliculi allows for
flexibility
57
what does horners muscle (pars lacrimalis) do when the canaliculi contracts
propels tears into the lacrimal sac
58
what is the location of the lacrimal sac
lacrimal fossa - comprised of lacrimal bone and maxillary bone
59
lacrimal sac is made up of what type of cells
modified respiratory epithelium
60
what guards the inferior opening of the duct and allows duct to deposit tears into inferior meatus
valve of hasner (plica lacrimalis)
61
fossa for lacrimal sac is made of what 2 bones
maxillary and lacrimal

OD1 Fall (5 decks)

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