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OD1 Fall > ocular anatomy - nasolacrimal anatomy > Flashcards

ocular anatomy - nasolacrimal anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 functions of the nasolacrimal system

A
  1. Production of tears
  2. Distribution of tears
  3. Drainage of tears
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2
Q

what is the location of the lacrimal gland

A

shallow depression within orbital part of frontal bone

superior temporal orbit

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3
Q

production of tear film is done by

A

lacrimal gland
accessory lacrimal gland

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4
Q

what is the appearance of the lacrimal gland

A

glandular surface
pinkish grey color

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5
Q

when you evert the upper eyelid you can see what

A

palpebral portion of lacrimal gland

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6
Q

lacrimal gland is found

A

superior temporal part of orbit

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7
Q

lacrimal gland is separated into 2 major lobes by what

A

aponeurosis of levator

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8
Q

larger, more superior
bean shaped mass
lies along orbital wall

A

orbital lobe

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9
Q

smaller, more inferior
1/3 size of orbital lobe
lies bw aponeurosis and conjunctiva
firmly attached to conjunctive

A

palpebral lobe

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10
Q

orbital lobe is against

A

the orbital wall

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11
Q

palpebral lobe is adjacent to

A

conjunctiva

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12
Q

which lobe has the main excretory ducts that allow contents of gland to excrete onto surface of conjunctiva

A

palpebral

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13
Q

the 12 main ducts exit from / thru

A

exit thru palpebral lobes and onto palpebral conjunctiva

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14
Q

removal and or damage to palpebral lobe

A

prevents emptying of contents of the gland

damages excretory ducts onto conjunctiva

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15
Q

separates the gland into 2 lobes AND keeps gland in the superior temporal orbit

A

lateral horn of aponeurosis of levator

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16
Q

2 kinds of supportive tissue

A

aponeurosis
whitnalls ligament

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17
Q

damage of supportive tissue can lead to

A

prolapse of the gland

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18
Q

the lacrimal gland is divided into 2 lobes and also consists of

A

lobules

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19
Q

within each lobule are the

A

secretory acini

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20
Q

true or false: the lacrimal gland is an exocrine gland

A

true

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21
Q

duct cells are lined with one to two layers of

A

cuboidal cells

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22
Q

ducts cells make up ____% of the gland

A

10-20

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23
Q

duct cells secrete

A

water
electrolytes
protein

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24
Q

steps of lacrimal gland excretory pathway

A

intralobular ducts
interlobular ducts
main excretory ducts
conjunctiva

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25
Q

what is in between the acini and ducts that offers structural support

A

stroma

26
Q

what is the stroma comprised of

A

loose connective tissue and some elastic tissue

27
Q

what 4 types of cells are found in the stroma

A

plasma cells
lymphocytes
macrophages
mast cells

and nerve terminals and blood vessels

28
Q

the main lacrimal gland produces

A

bulk of tears (reflex tearing)

28
Q

the main lacrimal gland produces

A

bulk of tears (reflex tearing)

29
Q

accessory lacrimal gland produces

A

basal secretions / tears

30
Q

where are the accessory lacrimal glands located and what are they called

A

in the fornix = glands of Krauss

edge of tarsal plate = glands of wolfring

31
Q

are accessory lacrimal glands exocrine glands too

A

yes

they are identical in structure and function to the main lacrimal glands

32
Q

do we have more glands of krause or wolfring

A

krause near the fornix

“crowded” –> theres a lot of them

33
Q

do we have more accessory glands in our upper or lower lid

A

upper lid

34
Q

what is the blood flow of the lacrimal gland

A

ICA
ophthalmic artery
lacrimal artery (main supply from here)

35
Q

what is the blood flow of the lacrimal gland

A

ICA
ophthalmic artery
lacrimal artery (main supply from here)

36
Q

sometimes you have branches that come off the external carotid artery. which branches?

A

transverse facial artery
infraorbital artery

sometimes supply lacrimal gland - but main blood supply is from lacrimal artery

37
Q

what is the path of venous drainage of lacrimal gland

A

lacrimal vein
superior ophthalmic vein
cavernous sinus

38
Q

pathway of lymphatic drainage

A

comes from superior temporal region of orbit
pre-auricular lymph nodes (parotid)
-in front of ear

39
Q

pathway of sensory innervation of lacrimal gland

A

lacrimal gland
lacrimal nerve
ophthalmic division of V (v1)
CNS

PAIN!!

40
Q

what are the 2 major types of tear secretors

A

basic secretors
reflex secretors

41
Q

basic secretion occurs at a constant rate

what 3 things make this up

A

accessory lacrimal glands (wolfring and krause)
- watery secretion
meibomian glands and glands of zeis
- oily secretion
goblet cells
- mucin

42
Q

reflex secretors are made of

A

main lacrimal gland
stimulation : CN 5, CN 2, CNS (psychogenic)

43
Q

stimulation of the parasympathetic system causes the

A

lacrimal gland to secrete

44
Q

parasympathetic innervation is mainly what type of tearing

A

mainly reflex and some basal

45
Q

now that we have produced the tears, what will spread them over the front surface of the eye

A

eyelids

46
Q

once the tears are in the lacrimal lake _______ ________ that will collect the tears into the punctal openings to allow it to drain into canalicular system

A

capillary attraction

47
Q

canaliculi will pull the tears from the

A

lacrimal lake

48
Q

tear drainage system

A

lacrimal puncta
canaliculi
lacrimal sac
lacrimal duct
inferior meatus of nose

49
Q

where are lacrimal papillae found

A

nasal portion of lid - mucocutaneous junction

50
Q

lacrimal papillae divides the lid into

A

ciliary portion (5/6)
lacrimal (1/6)

51
Q

where are lacrimal puncta found

A

hole on top of papillae

52
Q

diameter of lacrimal puncta

A

0.5 mm

53
Q

function of lacrimal puncta

A

collect tears from lacrimal lake opening into canalicular system

then pass to lacrimal sac

54
Q

shape of canaliculi

A

10mm long
2mm vertical
8 mm horizontal

55
Q

what is the diameter of the canaliculi

A

0.5mm

56
Q

microanatomy of canaliculi allows for

A

flexibility

57
Q

what does horners muscle (pars lacrimalis) do when the canaliculi contracts

A

propels tears into the lacrimal sac

58
Q

what is the location of the lacrimal sac

A

lacrimal fossa
- comprised of lacrimal bone and maxillary bone

59
Q

lacrimal sac is made up of what type of cells

A

modified respiratory epithelium

60
Q

what guards the inferior opening of the duct and allows duct to deposit tears into inferior meatus

A

valve of hasner (plica lacrimalis)

61
Q

fossa for lacrimal sac is made of what 2 bones

A

maxillary and lacrimal

OD1 Fall (5 decks)

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